TYPE OF DRAWINGS

CONST ENGG
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TYPE OF PLANS

• BLOCK PLANS

• SITE PLANS

• PLOT PLANS

• CONTOUR PLANS
Block Plans
• Block plans usually show the siting of

the project in relation to Survey Maps.

• Conventions are used to depict • It's a plan that shows the site and its
immediate surroundings in detail.
• Block plans are typically at a scale of
boundaries, roads and other details. 1:500 or 1:200.
• A block plan enables whoever is
dealing with your application or
request to understand exactly where
your site is.
Site Plans
Site plans usually show the extent of
the site but no surrounding detail.

Site Plan shows

Location of Hardstandings/Paved
buildings Areas
• Site plans can be used for much larger
Topography Fencing, walls and gates
projects.
• As an example, a site plan for a
Roads Existing and finished commercial mall may incorporate
levels. numerous structures on one or several
plots of land.
Buildings to be External services,
• In the event that a site plan contains
demolished drainage, water, gas, just one structure on one plot of land, it
electricity, telephone, etc. will become a plot plan
 Plot Plans
• Location of a structure in a plot

• Over-all building dimensions

• Finished grade elevations

• Building entrances, sidewalks, roadways,

• A plot plan typically refers to a
parking areas, and landscaping features. single structure on a single plot,
such as a single-family home.
• A Site Plan, such as a commercial
• Separate plot plans for arch features, elect
mall, can include many structures
on a single or multiple plots
features etc for large project.
Plot Plans

Site / Lay Out Plan

 Contour Plans
Contour on a drawing
indicate the grade level
of the ground surface.
They usually show both
existing and proposed
finish grade.
Types of Drawings
• Technical Drawings
• Sketches
• Detail
• Working/Construction
• Assembly
• Component
• Shop
• As-built drawings & record
• Other Types
• Digital
• Preliminary
• Isometric
 Sketch Drawings
• The entire range of drawings
can be illustrated as sketch
drawings.
• A sketched assembly drawing
can be used by the architect
to instruct the technician
preparing the ink negative.
• A Preliminary drawings also
called line plans.
 Detail Drawings
• Drawings of specific elements which require
more detailed information than can be seen
in the larger drawings of the entire building.
• Details are often section drawings of the
foundation, exterior walls, windows, stairs,
framing, or other construction elements.
• Where section drawings are cut through is
usually indicated on the floor plans with an
arrow and letter label matching the
elevation drawing.
• The drawings that show the details for Detail
drawings take precedence over other
building
Detail
Drawing
Working/Construction Drawings
• Also called plans, blueprints, or working drawings shows what is to be
built.
• They may include architectural, structural, civil , mechanical, electrical etc.
• Traditionally, 2D orthogonal projections of building such as plans, sections
and elevations. These may be drawn to scale by hand, or prepared using
Computer Aided Design (CAD) software. However, increasingly, Building
Information Modelling (BIM) is being used to create 3D representations of
buildings for construction.
• They are drawn to scale may include title blocks, dimensions, notation and
symbols.
Assembly Drawings
• Shows how the building is erected on site. The assembly
drawings can be:
• Plans
• Elevations
• Section
• Assembly drawings will contain several components,
showing how the individual components fit together to
make a building element.
• Same as working drawings
Component Drawings
• Shows individual components
in the unfixed state.
• Information will include
component sizes, tolerance
and specification with
reference to the bill of
quantity.
• Typical component details are
Wood window head detail,
Special door construction, Sill,
Coping stone etc.
Shop Drawings
• Generally relates to pre-fabricated components, show how they
should actually be manufactured, fabricated, assembled or installed.
• Shop drawings might be prepared for components such as; structural
steelwork, reinforcement, lifts, building services equipment,
appliances, ductwork, piping, plumbing, windows, cabinets, electrical
and data layouts, fire protection and so on.
• Also helps to check installation on site.
• Fabricators are likely only to refer to shop drawings, and not the
design drawings.
 As-Built/Record Drawings
• Drawings prepared, either during the construction process or when
construction is complete, to reflect what has actually been built.
• These record drawings (sometimes referred to as 'as constructed'
drawings) may be required for the operation and future maintenance
of buildings.
• Apart from registering on site changes to const drawings, record of
what has been installed on site are also added . Like records of
installations such as under-floor cabling is required, without which it
can prove very problematic for subsequent companies that occupy
the premises.
Misc Drawing Types
• Isometric Drawings
• An isometric drawing is a three
dimensional drawing which shows
length, width, and height. Isometric
drawings give an overall view, or
picture, of an object as the eye
would see it.
• Preliminary Drawings or ‘thinking
drawings’ are the sketches
• Digital Drawings are CAD Drawings
Drawing Types
a. Architectural drawings
b. Structural drawings
c. Road drawings
d. Services drawings:
(1) Electrification drawings
(2) Water Supply drawings
(3) Sewage disposal drawings
(4) Air-conditioning (HVAC) drawings etc.
 Architectural Drawings
Arch drawings mostly contain the following information:
• General layout of the building e.g. location of various rooms (drawing room,
bedroom, lounge, kitchen, baths, office, store, etc), corridors and open spaces
within the building
• Room sizes, storey heights and wall thicknesses.
• Locations, sizes, types and construction details of doors, windows and ventilators
• Details of Floor, Wall and Ceiling Finishes
• Location, type and details of False Ceiling
• Details of roofing materials and roof slope
• Type and construction details of staircases
• General locations of water tanks and septic tanks etc.
Structural Drawings
Str drawings contain the following information:
• Structural system adopted for the building e.g., Load-bearing walls, RC Frame, Str
Steel Frame, Composite System etc.
• Minimum strength requirements for the structural materials to be used in the
building.
• Thickness and reinforcement details for RC slabs
• Sizes and reinforcement details for RC beams, columns, footings, water tanks, etc.
• Sizes and details of str steel sections for girders, beams, columns, purlins, brackets
and bracing, if used.
• Sizes and specifications about steel bolts and welds, if used.
Road Drawings
Road drawings (also include runways and taxiways) generally contain the
following information:
• Geometrical design details, like right-of-way, road length/width, location of
curves, etc.
• Minimum strength and other technical requirements for the materials to be
used in construction of roads.
• Thickness of various road components like sub-base, base and the riding surface
• Reinforcing details in case of concrete roads.
• Location of bridges, culverts and drains etc.
Perspective View
Three dimensional renderings
Three dimensional renderings
Elevations
3D View
Z
• Orthographic views are two-
dimensional views of three-
dimensional objects.
• Orthographic views are created by
projecting a view of an object onto
a plane which is usually positioned
so that it is parallel to one of the
planes of the object.
Section
Section
Section
Sections
Section
Notes
Structural
Drawing
Structural
Drawing
Structural
Drawing
Sample Electrification Drawings
Sample Water Supply Drawings
Sample Sewerage Drawings
Sample Air Conditioning Drawings
Component drawings