INNOVATION and DESIGN

THINKING[BIDTK158/258
]
Case studies on SWOT analysis.
Understanding Design thinking:
Shared model in team-based design :

What/Meaning of Design Thinking

• The great inventors of engineering, science, literature, art, music, and business
have used it.
• Design thinking supports developing, teaching, learning, and applying strategies to
solve complications in a creative manner in the projects and processes of the
business.
Definition of Design Thinking
• Design Thinking is a methodology basically used for Problem Solving. It
concentrates on the human point of view and the customer’s usage area
• Design thinking is a term used to denote a set of strategic, conceptual, and
practical processes in which design concepts are developed (product proposals,
structures, equipment, communications, etc.)
 Origins of Design Thinking

The methods and concepts of design thinking, although promoted by developing companies and design consultants,
ranging from a wide range of fields including software development, engineering, anthropology, psychology, art, and
business.
Design Thinker in the organizations

Any individual who has the following traits can be a design thinker in the
organization, namely
1. Individual who has concern for the individuals and who knows the working
challenges in at workplace
2. Knowledge of multi -functionality of the organization
3. Vision for developing right process in the organization
4. Capability to understand the problems on the job and ability to work on the
problems related to the jobs of the organization.
Features of Design Thinking

• The features of design thinking are

1. Design thinking understands from the perspective of the customers and provides solutions for
improving the product and service quality in the organization.
2. The role of design thinking is to collect feedback from the customers and employees by
iteration of prototyping
3. Expanding the range of solutions to the problems identified in the organization and employee
better customer and employee satisfaction
4. Enable the design thinkers to develop new products, features or services to customer and
process satisfaction.
5. Providing and eco-system through the interaction with the employees, technical capabilities
Stages of Design Thinking

• The five stages of design thinking, according to d.school, are as

follows:
• 1.Empathy,
• 2. Explain/Define (problem),
• 3.Ideate,
• 4.Prototype, and
• 5. assessment/Test
Empathy
• The first step in the design process is to gain a critical understanding
of the problem you are trying to solve.
• This involves consulting with experts to find out more about the area
of concern, to consult and empathize with people to understand their
experiences
• Depending on the time limit, a large amount of information is
collected in this section for use during the next phase and to develop
a better understanding of users, their needs, and the problems that
underpin the development of that particular product.
Define/ Explain
• During the Define stage, you combine the information you have
created and collected during the empathy phase.
• This is where you will analyze what you have seen and put it
together to explain the core values that you and your team have
identified so far.
• describe the problem as a problem statement in a person-centered
way
Ideate
• During the third phase of the design thinking process, designers are
ready to begin producing ideas.
• "thinking outside the box" to see new solutions to the problem
statement you created, and you can start looking at other ways to
look at the problem.
• Ideas at the end of the Ideation section to help you investigate and
evaluate your ideas to find the best way to solve a problem
Prototype
• The team of designers will now produce less expensive, discounted
versions of the product.
• . Prototypes may be shared and tested within the team itself, in
other departments, or in a small group of people outside the design
team.
• By the end of this section, the design team will have a better idea of
the existing product problems and problems, and have a clear idea of
how real users will behave, think, and feel about the product and
services.
Test
• Designers or testers firmly test the complete product using the best
solutions identified during the simulation phase
• Even in this phase, changes and improvements are made to solve
problems and gain as much insight into the product and its users as
possible.
Principles of Design Thinking

• Human Focused Design Thinking:

• The process that understands from the perspective of the human including the employees and customers.
While doing so design thinker needs to consider the individuals, beliefs, values, and attitudes.
• Diversity to work in a team:
• Design thinking needs to consider individuals from different backgrounds and train to work in a team.
• While group membership should be balanced throughout the project,
• it may be wise to occasionally include outside-organization participants — such as clients, suppliers, and other
topic professionals — in specific modes or activities
• Comprehensive: Although details are important, design experts are also able to identify and consider
relationships, collaborations, and communication between seemingly different ideas
• Flexibility and unconventional comfort:
• Design thinking is best suited to deal with problems and opportunities
• requires great flexibility in terms of both content and methodology
• Communication Skills:
• Willingness to communicate and work in a variety of ways, including speaking, visual, and touch.
 MVP and prototyping double diamond model
• What is an MVP[minimum viable product]?
• MVP, or minimum viable product, is a test version of a product or service with a
minimum set of functions. You can then use your MVP to gather new data and test
assumptions before you launch your final product.
• “viable” means that the product actually solves the user’s problem.
• And if after testing we find out that it is not viable enough, we start it all over.
That is why “minimal” is important: the less investment we make in the
beginning, the easier it is to discard the failed product and build a new one.
•
how to create a minimum viable product
• Define the problem and target
audience
• Run research on both users and
competitors
• Find that minimal set of features
that are enough to solve the
problem
• Don’t forget about testing
Double Diamond design process
• In his approach, the design process can be divided into
problem space and solution space.
• The problem space is when designers explore the
problem, including its complex nature, and end with a
clear definition of the problem.
• It is where the majority of the unique design
characteristics and value lay, including creativity and
uncertainty.
• The second stage is the solution space, where ideas are
generated, visualized, and tested prototypes. At the
end of this stage, the final product is created and
delivered to the end-user.
• The frame innovation is applied to the Double Diamond
framework as the first two steps (Discover and Define)
present the first stage (problem space), and the third and
fourth steps (Develop and Deliver) represent the second
stage (solution space). We will explore the four steps of
the Double Diamond design process as they remain
unchanged between the 2004 and 2019 versions of the Figure : The Double Diamond design thinking process
framework.
Step 1: Discover
Step 2: Define
Step 3: Develop
Step 4: Deliver
The Philosophy of Design thinking
Rules of design thinking
Frame work of Design Thinking
• Frame work of Design Thinking: Aesthetics and creativity as design
thinking mechanisms, Psychological and neural bases of creativity, a
definition and framework of design thinking.
Aesthetics and creativity as design thinking mechanisms
Psychological and neural bases of creativity
A definition and framework of design thinking
 How to understand the problem:
• How to understand the problem: How to analyze problems, Search field
determination.
• Understanding of the problem: The blind spot of knowledge and awareness
• Problem analysis: PESTEL-Analysis.
How to analyze problems

Problem definition
Search field determination
• To determine search fields, there are basically 3 different variants :
• Market-oriented search field determination
• the focus here is on customers and competitors with the following questions
• What needs or problems do our customers currently have or will they have in the future?
• Are there any development that could awaken new needs?
• Which offers are currently and in the future offered by direct, indirect, or potential new competitors
Technology-oriented search field determination
• the focus here is on new technologies with the following questions
• Which technological development are relevant for the company? Which interesting application could result from
this?
• Which technological challenges will have to be solved in the future?

• Competence- Technology-oriented search field determination

• The focus here is on your own(core) competencies with the following questions
• For which products and services could one’s own competence, abilities, or resources be of use?
• In which market are the technology areas are(similar) competencies important?
Problem Clarification
• In order to develop a better
understanding of the
problem/situation, go through
the following questions?
Understanding of the problem:
• After clarifying the problem, it is helpful to reflect • blind spot of knowledge
again on what we know or don't know about the and awareness
problem.
• What do we know about the problem? Which means
we're aware that we know it. (known Knowns)
• What do we know that we don't know about the
problem? Which means we're aware that we don`t
know it. (known Unknowns)
• What do we know without even knowing that this
knowledge could help us with the problem? Which
means we're not aware that we know it.
• (unknown Known)
• What do we know that we don't know we don't
actually know? Which means we're not even aware
that we don't know.
• (unknown Unknowns)
Problem analysis: PESTEL-Analysis.
• The Design Thinking for the Greater Good PESTEL Analysis will
look at the external factors – political, economic, social,
technological, environmental, and legal.
• It is important to note that the Design Thinking for the Greater Good
PESTEL Analysis will be market specific, and the implications of
the factors change for a company when the market changes.