Mac keyboard shortcut

Just by pressing a specific key combination, you can perform

operations that normally require input devices such as mouse and
trackpad.
To use a keyboard shortcut, hold down one or more modifiers and press the last key of the
shortcut. For example, when using "command + C" (copy), hold down the "command"
key and press the "C" key, then release both keys at the same time. On Mac menus and
keyboards, certain keys may be marked with symbols . The following modifier keys are
an example.
 command (or cmd) ⌘
 Shift
 option (or alt) ⌥
 control (or ctrl) ^
 caps lock ⇪
 fn

For Windows PC keyboard, substitute "Alt" key for "option" key and "Windows logo key" for "command"
key.

Some Apple-made keyboards have keys assigned special symbols and functions such
as display brightness adjustment , keyboard brightness adjustment , mission control,
etc. For example, Even if you use a keyboard with no such function, you may be able to
create a keyboard shortcut yourself and reproduce a part of it. To use these keys as
standard function keys such as "F1" "F2" "F3", combine with "fn" key.

Cut, copy, paste, and other common shortcuts

 command + X : Cuts the selected item and copies it to the clipboard.
 command + C : Copies the selected item to the clipboard. This shortcut can also be
used for files in the Finder.
 command + V : Pastes the contents of the clipboard into the current document or
App. This shortcut can also be used for files in the Finder.
 command + Z : Cancel the previous command. You can also press "shift + command
+ Z" key and try again (cancel the cancel command). With some apps, it is possible to
cancel or redo multiple commands.
 command + A : Select all items.
 command + F : Search items in the document. Or open the "Search" window.
 command + G : Search for next: Look for the next occurrence of the last searched
item. To search for the previous occurrence, press "shift + command + G" key.
 command + H : Hides the window of the foremost application. To display the
foremost app and hide all other apps, press "Option + Command + H" key.
 command + M : Minimize the foreground window and put it in the dock. To minimize
all windows in the foremost App, press the "Option + Command + M" key.
 command + O : Opens the selected item. Or, a dialog for selecting the file to open
opens.
 command + P : Print the current document.
 command + S : Save the current document.
 command + T : Opens a new tab.
 command + W : Closes the frontmost window. To close all the windows of that App,
press "Option + Command + W" key.
 option + command + esc : Forcibly terminate the application.
 command + Spacebar : Toggle Spotlight search field on / off. When executing a
Spotlight search from the Finder window, press "Control + Option + Space bar" (If you
use multiple input sources separately and enter characters in various languages, these
shortcuts show Spotlight Instead of switching input sources , see here for how to
change conflicting keyboard shortcuts .)
 control + command + Space bar : Display character viewer. From the character
viewer, you can select pictograms and other symbols .
 control + command + F : Use the app in full screen (if the app supports full screen).
 Space bar : Use Quick Look to preview the selected item.
 command + tab : Switch to the next App in the recently used App among the open
Apps.
 shift + command + 5 : macOS Mojave takes a screenshot or performs screen
recording. In earlier versions of macOS, take a screenshot using "shift + command + 3"
or "shift + command + 4". For more information on screenshots, see this article .
 shift + command + N : Create a new folder in the Finder.
 command + comma (,) : Opens the foreground setting of the foremost application.

Shortcut about sleep, logout, shutdown

 Some of the following shortcuts do not work unless you press them for a longer time than
other shortcuts. This is to prevent shortcuts from malfunctioning in unexpected places.
 Power button : Press this button to turn on Mac. Or, the Mac sleeps. Press and hold
for 1.5 seconds, the Mac goes to sleep *. Keep pressing and keeping the Mac power off
forcibly .
 Option + Command + Power Button * or Option + Command + Media Eject
Key : Places your Mac in sleep state.
 Control + Shift + Power Button * or Control + Shift + Media Eject Key : Sleep
the display.
 A control + power button * or control + media removal key : dialog is displayed
allowing you to choose between restart, sleep, or system shutdown.
 control + command + power button *: forcibly restart the Mac. You will not see a
message asking if you want to save open or unsaved documents.
 control + command + media removal key : Quit all the apps and restart the
Mac. If the changed contents of the open document are not saved, a message asking
whether to save is displayed.
 Control + Option + Command + Power Button * or Control + Option +
Command + Media Eject Key : Exit all Apps and shut down Mac. If the changed
contents of the open document are not saved, a message asking whether to save is
displayed.
 shift + command + Q : Log out from the macOS user account. A message asking for
confirmation is displayed. To log out immediately after omitting confirmation, press
"Option + Shift + Command + Q" key.
* It does not apply to Touch ID sensor .

Finder and system shortcut

 command + D : Duplicate the selected file.
 command + E : Eject the selected disk or volume.
 command + F : Start Spotlight search in the Finder window.
 command + I : Display the "Get Info" window of the selected file.
 command + R : (1) If an alias is selected in the Finder, the file from which the selected
alias was created is displayed. (2) For some apps like Calendar and Safari, update or
reload the page. (3) In the software update environment setting , confirm the software
update again.
 shift + command + C : Opens the Computer window.
 shift + command + D : Open the "Desktop" folder.
 shift + command + F : Opens the Recent Items window. All recently viewed or
modified files are displayed.
 shift + command + G : Opens the Move to Folder window.
 shift + command + H : Open the home folder of the current macOS user account.
 Shift + command + I : Open iCloud Drive.
 shift + command + K : Opens the "Network" window.
 option + command + L : Opens the "Download" folder.
 shift + command + N : Create a new folder.
 shift + command + O : Opens the Documents folder.
 shift + command + P : toggles the preview panel in the Finder window.
 shift + command + R : Opens the "AirDrop" window.
 shift + command + T : Toggles the display of the Finder window tab bar.
 control + shift + command + T : Add items selected in the Finder to the Dock (since
OS X Mavericks).
 shift + command + U : Opens the "Utilities" folder.
 Option + command + D : Toggle display / hide of Dock.
 control + command + T : Adds the selected item to the sidebar (since OS X
Mavericks).
 option + command + P : toggles display / non-display of the Finder window's pass
bar.
 option + command + S : toggles hide / display of sidebar in Finder window.
 command + slash (/) : toggles hide / display of status bar in Finder window.
 command + J : Show display options.
 command + K : Opens the "Connect to Server" window.
 command + L : Creates an alias for the selected item.
 command + N : Opens a new window in the Finder.
 option + command + N : Create a new Smart Folder.
 command + T : Toggle tab bar display / hide when one tab is open in the current
Finder window.
 option + command + T : toggles the display of the toolbar when one tab is open in the
current Finder window.
 OPTION + COMMAND + V : Move: Moves a file placed on the clipboard from its
original location to its current location.
 command + Y : Use the quick look to preview the selected file.
 option + command + Y : Displays the quick look slide show of the selected file.
 command + 1 : Display items in the Finder window in icon format.
 command + 2 : Display items in the Finder window in list format.
 command + 3 : Display items in the Finder window in column format.
 command + 4 : Display items in the Finder window with Cover Flow.
 command + Left square bracket ([) : Move to the previous folder.
 command + right bracket (]) : Move to the next folder.
 command + Up Arrow : Opens the folder containing the current folder.
 command + control + up arrow : Opens the folder containing the current folder in a
new window.
 command + Down Arrow : Opens the selected item.
 Right Arrow : Opens the selected folder. This shortcut works only in list view.
 Left Arrow : Closes the selected folder. This shortcut works only in list view.
 command + delete : Move the selected item to the trash can.
 shift + command + delete : Empty the trash.
 Option + Shift + Command + delete : Empty the Trash without displaying the
confirmation dialog.
 command + Increase brightness : Turn target display mode on / off.
 command + Decrease brightness : Turn video mirroring on / off when the Mac is
connected to multiple displays .
 Option + Increase Brightness : Opens the Displays pane of System Preferences. This
shortcut works with either intensity key.
 control + Increase brightness or control + Decrease brightness : Adjust the
brightness of the external display (if the display is compatible).
 Option + Shift + Increase brightness or Option + shift + Decrease brightness:
Adjust the display brightness finely. If you add the "control" key to this shortcut, you
can adjust it with an external display (if the display is compatible).
 Option + Mission Control : Opens the Mission Control panel in System Preferences.
 command + Mission Control : Display the desktop.
 Control + Down Arrow : Displays all the windows of the foremost application.
 Raise option + volume : Opens the "Sound" panel of System Preferences. This
shortcut works with any volume key.
 Option + Shift + Increase volume or Option + Shift + Decrease volume: Adjust the
volume finely.
 Option + Increase keyboard brightness : Opens the "Keyboard" panel of System
Preferences. This shortcut works with either keyboard's brightness adjustment key.
 Option + Shift + Raise the Brightness of the Keyboard or Option + Decrease the
Brightness of the Keyboard: Adjust the Brightness of the Keyboard finely.
 Option + double click : opens the item in a separate window and closes the original
window.
 command + Double click : Opens the folder in another tab or window.
 command + Drag to another volume: Move to another volume instead of copying the
dragged item.
 Option + Drag : Copies the dragged item. The pointer changes while dragging items.
 Drag while holding the "Option + Command" key : Create an alias for the dragged
item. The pointer changes while dragging items.
 Option + Click the detail view triangle: Opens all the folders in the selected folder. This
shortcut works only in list view.
 Command + Click the title of the window: Display folders containing the current
folder.
 For information on how to select multiple items in the Finder using "command" key or
"shift" key , see here .
 By clicking "Move" in the Finder's menu bar, you can see shortcuts for opening
frequently used folders such as "application" "document" "download" "utility" "iCloud
Drive".

Shortcuts related to documents

The actions of the following shortcuts may vary depending on the application you use.
 command + B : Make the selected text bold. Or toggle bold attribute on / off.
 command + I : italicizes the selected text. Or toggle italic attribute on / off.
 command + K : Add a web link.
 command + U : Underline the selected text. Or toggle underline attribute on / off.
 command + T : Toggle display / non-display of "Font" window.
 command + D : In the "Open" dialog or "Save" dialog, select the "Desktop" folder.
 control + command + D : toggles display / non-display of the definition of the
selected word.
 shift + command + colon (:) : Displays the "Spelling and grammar" window.
 command + semicolon (;) : Search for misspelled words in the document.
 option + delete : Deletes the word to the left of the insertion point.
 control + H : Deletes the character to the left of the insertion point. Or use the "delete"
key.
 control + D : Deletes the character to the right of the insertion point. Or use the "fn +
delete" key.
 fn + delete : Use the keyboard without the "Forward Delete" key to delete the character
to the right of the insertion point. Or use "control + D" key.
 control + K : Delete the text from the insertion point to the end of the line or
paragraph.
 fn + Up arrow : page up: Scrolls up one page.
 fn + down arrow : page down: Scroll down one page.
 fn + Left Arrow : home: Scrolls to the beginning of the document.
 fn + right arrow : end: Scrolls to the end of the document.
 command + Up Arrow : Move the insertion point to the beginning of the document.
 command + Down Arrow : Move the insertion point to the end of the document.
 command + left arrow : Move the insertion point to the beginning of the current line.
 command + right arrow : moves the insertion point to the end of the current line.
 Option + left arrow : Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word.
 Option + right arrow : Move the insertion point to the end of the next word.
 shift + command + up arrow : Select the text from the insertion point to the beginning
of the document.
 shift + command + down arrow : Select the text from the insertion point to the end of
the document.
 shift + command + Left Arrow : Select text in the range from the insertion point to
the beginning of the current line.
 shift + command + Right Arrow : Select text in the range from the insertion point to
the end of the current line.
 shift + up arrow : Expands the selected text range up to the next highest horizontal
position of the next line.
 Shift + Down Arrow : Expands the selected text range to the character next to the next
lower horizontal line.
 shift + left arrow : Expands the selected text range to the left by one character.
 shift + right arrow : Expands the selected text range to the right by one character.
 Option + Shift + Up Arrow : Expands the selected text range to the beginning of the
current paragraph. Press again to expand to the beginning of the next paragraph.
 Option + Shift + Down Arrow : Expands the selected text range to the end of the
current paragraph. Press again to expand to the end of the next paragraph.
 Option + Shift + Left Arrow : Extends the selected text range to the beginning of the
current word. Press again to expand to the beginning of the next word.
 Option + Shift + Right arrow : Extends the selected text range to the end of the
current word. Press again to expand to the end of the next word.
 control + A : Move to the beginning of a line or paragraph.
 control + E : Move to the end of a line or paragraph.
 control + F : Advance one character.
 control + B : Returns one character.
 control + L : Displays the cursor or selected area in the center of the display area.
 control + P : Move up one line.
 control + N : Move down one line.
 control + O : Insert one line after the insertion point.
 control + T : Replaces the character to the right of the insertion point with the
character to the left.
 command + {(Left brace) : Left align.
 command +} (right brace) : Align right.
 shift + command + vertical bar (|) : center align.
 option + command + F : Move to the search field.
 option + command + T : Toggle display / hide of the App's toolbar.
 option + command + C : Copy style: Copies the formatting of the selected item to the
clipboard.
 Option + command + V : Paste style: Applies the copied style to the selected item.
 Option + Shift + Command + V : Paste and match the style: Apply the same style as
the surrounding content to the item pasted in the content.
 option + command + I : toggles the display of the Inspector window.
 shift + command + P : Page setting: Displays a window for selecting document
setting.
 shift + command + S : Display the "Save As" dialog. Or duplicate the current
document.
 shift + command + minus sign (-) : Reduce the size of the selected item.
 shift + command + plus sign (+) : Increases the size of the selected item. The
"command + equal sign (=)" key also performs the same function.
 shift + command + question mark (?) : Opens the Help menu.

Other shortcuts
For other shortcuts, please check the abbreviation of the shortcut displayed on the App
menu. Each App may have its own shortcut. The same shortcut does not necessarily work
in another App even if it functions in one App.
 Accessibility shortcut
 Shortcut of Safari
 Spotlight shortcut
 Startup Shortcut
 iTunes shortcut: From the iTunes menu bar, choose Help> Keyboard shortcut.
 Other shortcuts: Select Apple menu> System Preferences, click "Keyboard", then click
" Shortcut ".

Related information
 For information on how to enter emoji, accented letters, symbols, please see this
article .
  For information about how to create your own shortcut here , about how to resolve the
conflict between the shortcut here Please refer to.
 For information on how to change the behavior of function keys, see this
article , here for how to change the behavior of modifier keys .
 For information on how to use voice input commands instead of keyboard
shortcuts, see this article .
release date: December 17, 2018
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