MacOS keyboard shortcuts

By pressing certain key combinations, you can do

things that normally need a mouse, trackpad, or other
input device.

To use a keyboard shortcut, press and hold one or more modifier

keys and then press the last key of the shortcut. For example, to
use Command-C (copy), press and hold the Command key, then
the C key, then release both keys. Mac menus and keyboards
often use symbols for certain keys, including modifier keys:
 Command (or Cmd) ⌘

 Shift ⇧
 Option (or Alt) ⌥
 Control (or Ctrl) ⌃
 Caps Lock ⇪
 Fn

On keyboards made for Windows PCs, use the Alt key instead of Option, and
the Windows logo key instead of Command.

Some keys on some Apple keyboards have special symbols and

functions, such as for display brightness , keyboard
brightness , Mission Control, and more. If these functions
aren't available on your keyboard, you might be able to reproduce
some of them by creating your own keyboard shortcuts. To use
these keys as F1, F2, F3, or other standard function keys,
combine them with the Fn key.

Cut, copy, paste, and other common shortcuts

 Command-X: Cut the selected item and copy it to the
Clipboard.
 Command-C: Copy the selected item to the Clipboard.
This also works for files in the Finder.
 Command-V: Paste the contents of the Clipboard into
the current document or app. This also works for files in
the Finder.
 Command-Z: Undo the previous command. You can then
press Shift-Command-Z to Redo, reversing the undo
command. In some apps, you can undo and redo multiple
commands.
 Command-A: Select All items.
 Command-F: Find items in a document or open a Find
window.
 Command-G: Find Again: Find the next occurrence of the
item previously found. To find the previous occurrence,
press Shift-Command-G.
 Command-H: Hide the windows of the front app.
To view the front app but hide all other apps, press
Option-Command-H.
 Command-M: Minimize the front window to the Dock. To
minimize all windows of the front app, press Option-
Command-M.
 Command-O: Open the selected item, or open a dialog to
select a file to open.
 Command-P: Print the current document.
 Command-S: Save the current document.
 Command-T: Open a new tab.
 Command-W: Close the front window. To close all
windows of the app, press Option-Command-W.
 Option-Command-Esc: Force quit an app.
 Command–Space bar: Show or hide
the Spotlight search field. To perform a Spotlight search
from a Finder window, press Command–Option–Space bar.
(If you use multiple input sources to type in different
languages, these shortcuts change input sources instead
of showing Spotlight. Learn how to change a conflicting
keyboard shortcut.)
  Control–Command–Space bar: Show the Character
Viewer, from which you can choose emoji and other
symbols.
 Control-Command-F: Use the app in full screen, if
supported by the app.
 Space bar: Use Quick Look to preview the selected
item.
 Command-Tab: Switch to the next most recently used
app among your open apps.
 Shift-Command-5: In macOS Mojave or later, take a
screenshot or make a screen recording. Or use Shift-
Command-3 or Shift-Command-4 for screenshots. Learn
more about screenshots.
 Shift-Command-N: Create a new folder in the Finder.
 Command-Comma (,): Open preferences for the front
app.

Sleep, log out, and shut down shortcuts

You might need to press and hold some of these shortcuts for
slightly longer than other shortcuts. This helps you to avoid using
them unintentionally.
 Power button: Press to turn on your Mac or wake it from
sleep. Press and hold for 1.5 seconds to put your Mac to
sleep.* Continue holding to force your Mac to turn off.
 Option–Command–Power button* or Option–Command–
Media Eject : Put your Mac to sleep.
 Control–Shift–Power button* or Control–Shift–Media
Eject : Put your displays to sleep.
 Control–Power button* or Control–Media Eject
: Display a dialog asking whether you want to restart,
sleep, or shut down.
 Control–Command–Power button:* Force your Mac to
restart, without prompting to save any open and unsaved
documents.
  Control–Command–Media Eject : Quit all apps, then
restart your Mac. If any open documents have unsaved
changes, you will be asked whether you want to save
them.
 Control–Option–Command–Power button* or Control–
Option–Command–Media Eject : Quit all apps, then shut
down your Mac. If any open documents have unsaved
changes, you will be asked whether you want to save
them.
 Control-Command-Q: Immediately lock your screen.
 Shift-Command-Q: Log out of your macOS user account.
You will be asked to confirm. To log out immediately
without confirming, press Option-Shift-Command-Q.
* Does not apply to the Touch ID sensor.

Finder and system shortcuts

 Command-D: Duplicate the selected files.

 Command-E: Eject the selected disk or volume.

 Command-F: Start a Spotlight search in the Finder
window.
 Command-I: Show the Get Info window for a selected file.
 Command-R: (1) When an alias is selected in the Finder:
show the original file for the selected alias. (2) In some
apps, such as Calendar or Safari, refresh or reload the
page. (3) In Software Update preferences, check for
software updates again.
 Shift-Command-C: Open the Computer window.
 Shift-Command-D: Open the desktop folder.
 Shift-Command-F: Open the Recents window, showing all
of the files you viewed or changed recently.
 Shift-Command-G: Open a Go to Folder window.
 Shift-Command-H: Open the Home folder of the current
macOS user account.
 Shift-Command-I: Open iCloud Drive.
 Shift-Command-K: Open the Network window.
 Option-Command-L: Open the Downloads folder.
 Shift-Command-N: Create a new folder.
 Shift-Command-O: Open the Documents folder.
 Shift-Command-P: Show or hide the Preview pane in
Finder windows.
 Shift-Command-R: Open the AirDrop window.
 Shift-Command-T: Show or hide the tab bar in Finder
windows.
 Control-Shift-Command-T: Add selected Finder item to the
Dock (OS X Mavericks or later)
 Shift-Command-U: Open the Utilities folder.
 Option-Command-D: Show or hide the Dock.
 Control-Command-T: Add the selected item to the sidebar
(OS X Mavericks or later).
 Option-Command-P: Hide or show the path bar in Finder
windows.
 Option-Command-S: Hide or show the Sidebar in Finder
windows.
 Command–Slash (/): Hide or show the status bar in Finder
windows.
 Command-J: Show View Options.
 Command-K: Open the Connect to Server window.
 Control-Command-A: Make an alias of the selected item.
 Command-N: Open a new Finder window.
 Option-Command-N: Create a new Smart Folder.
 Command-T: Show or hide the tab bar when a single tab
is open in the current Finder window.
 Option-Command-T: Show or hide the toolbar when a
single tab is open in the current Finder window.
 Option-Command-V: Move the files in the Clipboard from
their original location to the current location.
 Command-Y: Use Quick Look to preview the selected
files.
 Option-Command-Y: View a Quick Look slideshow of the
selected files.
 Command-1: View the items in the Finder window as
icons.
 Command-2: View the items in a Finder window as a list.
 Command-3: View the items in a Finder window in
columns.
 Command-4: View the items in a Finder window
in a gallery.
 Command–Left Bracket ([): Go to the previous folder.
 Command–Right Bracket (]): Go to the next folder.
 Command–Up Arrow: Open the folder that contains the
current folder.
 Command–Control–Up Arrow: Open the folder that
contains the current folder in a new window.
 Command–Down Arrow: Open the selected item.
 Right Arrow: Open the selected folder. This works only
when in list view.
 Left Arrow: Close the selected folder. This works only
when in list view.
 Command-Delete: Move the selected item to the Trash.
 Shift-Command-Delete: Empty the Trash.
 Option-Shift-Command-Delete: Empty the Trash without
confirmation dialog.
 Command–Brightness Down: Turn video mirroring on or
off when your Mac is connected to more than one display.
 Option–Brightness Up: Open Displays preferences. This
works with either Brightness key.
 Control–Brightness Up or Control–Brightness Down:
Change the brightness of your external display, if
supported by your display.
 Option–Shift–Brightness Up or Option–Shift–Brightness
Down: Adjust the display brightness in smaller steps. Add
the Control key to this shortcut to make the adjustment
on your external display, if supported by your display.
 Option–Mission Control: Open Mission Control
preferences.
 Command–Mission Control: Show the desktop.
 Control–Down Arrow: Show all windows of the front app.
 Option–Volume Up: Open Sound preferences. This works
with any of the volume keys.
 Option–Shift–Volume Up or Option–Shift–Volume Down:
Adjust the sound volume in smaller steps.
 Option–Keyboard Brightness Up: Open Keyboard
preferences. This works with either Keyboard Brightness
key.
 Option–Shift–Keyboard Brightness Up or Option–Shift–
Keyboard Brightness Down: Adjust the keyboard
brightness in smaller steps.
 Option key while double-clicking: Open the item in a
separate window, then close the original window.
 Command key while double-clicking: Open a folder in a
separate tab or window.
 Command key while dragging to another volume: Move
the dragged item to the other volume, instead of copying
it.
 Option key while dragging: Copy the dragged item. The
pointer changes while you drag the item.
 Option-Command while dragging: Make an alias of the
dragged item. The pointer changes while you drag the
item.
 Option-click a disclosure triangle: Open all folders within
the selected folder. This works only when in list view.
 Command-click a window title: See the folders that
contain the current folder.
 Learn how to use Command or Shift to select multiple
items in the Finder.
 Click the Go menu in the Finder menu bar to see
shortcuts for opening many commonly used folders, such
as Applications, Documents, Downloads, Utilities, and
iCloud Drive.
Document shortcuts

The behavior of these shortcuts may vary with the app you're
using.
 Command-B: Boldface the selected text, or turn
boldfacing on or off.
 Command-I: Italicize the selected text, or turn italics on
or off.
 Command-K: Add a web link.
 Command-U: Underline the selected text, or turn
underlining on or off.
 Command-T: Show or hide the Fonts window.
 Command-D: Select the Desktop folder from within an
Open dialog or Save dialog.
 Control-Command-D: Show or hide the definition of the
selected word.
 Shift-Command-Colon (:): Display the Spelling and
Grammar window.
 Command-Semicolon (;): Find misspelled words in the
document.
 Option-Delete: Delete the word to the left of the insertion
point.
 Control-H: Delete the character to the left of the insertion
point. Or use Delete.
 Control-D: Delete the character to the right of the
insertion point. Or use Fn-Delete.
 Fn-Delete: Forward delete on keyboards that don't have a
Forward Delete key. Or use Control-D.
 Control-K: Delete the text between the insertion point and
the end of the line or paragraph.
 Fn–Up Arrow: Page Up: Scroll up one page.
 Fn–Down Arrow: Page Down: Scroll down one page.
 Fn–Left Arrow: Home: Scroll to the beginning of a
document.
 Fn–Right Arrow: End: Scroll to the end of a document.
 Command–Up Arrow: Move the insertion point to the
beginning of the document.
 Command–Down Arrow: Move the insertion point to the
end of the document.
 Command–Left Arrow: Move the insertion point to the
beginning of the current line.
 Command–Right Arrow: Move the insertion point to the
end of the current line.
 Option–Left Arrow: Move the insertion point to the
beginning of the previous word.
 Option–Right Arrow: Move the insertion point to the end of
the next word.
 Shift–Command–Up Arrow: Select the text between the
insertion point and the beginning of the document.
 Shift–Command–Down Arrow: Select the text between the
insertion point and the end of the document.
 Shift–Command–Left Arrow: Select the text between the
insertion point and the beginning of the current line.
 Shift–Command–Right Arrow: Select the text between the
insertion point and the end of the current line.
 Shift–Up Arrow: Extend text selection to the nearest
character at the same horizontal location on the line
above.
 Shift–Down Arrow: Extend text selection to the nearest
character at the same horizontal location on the line
below.
 Shift–Left Arrow: Extend text selection one character to
the left.
 Shift–Right Arrow: Extend text selection one character to
the right.
 Option–Shift–Up Arrow: Extend text selection to the
beginning of the current paragraph, then to the beginning
of the following paragraph if pressed again.
 Option–Shift–Down Arrow: Extend text selection to the
end of the current paragraph, then to the end of the
following paragraph if pressed again.
 Option–Shift–Left Arrow: Extend text selection to the
beginning of the current word, then to the beginning of
the following word if pressed again.
 Option–Shift–Right Arrow: Extend text selection to the
end of the current word, then to the end of the following
word if pressed again.
 Control-A: Move to the beginning of the line or paragraph.
 Control-E: Move to the end of a line or paragraph.
 Control-F: Move one character forward.
 Control-B: Move one character backward.
 Control-L: Center the cursor or selection in the visible
area.
 Control-P: Move up one line.
 Control-N: Move down one line.
 Control-O: Insert a new line after the insertion point.
 Control-T: Swap the character behind the insertion point
with the character in front of the insertion point.
 Command–Left Curly Bracket ({): Left align.
 Command–Right Curly Bracket (}): Right align.
 Shift–Command–Vertical bar (|): Center align.
 Option-Command-F: Go to the search field.
 Option-Command-T: Show or hide a toolbar in the app.
 Option-Command-C: Copy Style: Copy the formatting
settings of the selected item to the Clipboard.
 Option-Command-V: Paste Style: Apply the copied style to
the selected item.
 Option-Shift-Command-V: Paste and Match Style: Apply
the style of the surrounding content to the item pasted
within that content.
 Option-Command-I: Show or hide the inspector window.
 Shift-Command-P: Page setup: Display a window for
selecting document settings.
  Shift-Command-S: Display the Save As dialog, or duplicate
the current document.
 Shift–Command–Minus sign (-): Decrease the size of the
selected item.
 Shift–Command–Plus sign (+): Increase the size of the
selected item. Command–Equal sign (=) performs the
same function.
 Shift–Command–Question mark (?): Open the Help menu.

Other shortcuts

For more shortcuts, check the shortcut abbreviations shown in

the menus of your apps. Every app can have its own shortcuts,
and shortcuts that work in one app might not work in another.
 Accessibility shortcuts

 Safari shortcuts
 Spotlight shortcuts
 Startup shortcuts
 Apple Music shortcuts: Choose Help > Keyboard
shortcuts from the menu bar in the Music app.
 Other shortcuts: Choose Apple menu > System
Preferences, click Keyboard, then click Shortcuts.

Published Date: January 11, 2021

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