Cambridge IGCSE™

PHYSICS 0625/04
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) For examination from 2023
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 80

Specimen

This document has 12 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

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0625/04 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme For examination
SPECIMEN from 2020

Generic Marking Principles

These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alongside the specific
content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptors for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these marking
principles.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1:

Marks must be awarded in line with:

• the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question
• the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question
• the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts.
GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2:

Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions).
GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3:

Marks must be awarded positively:

• marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit is given for valid answers which go beyond the
scope of the syllabus and mark scheme, referring to your Team Leader as appropriate
• marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do
• marks are not deducted for errors
• marks are not deducted for omissions
• answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these features are specifically assessed by the
question as indicated by the mark scheme. The meaning, however, should be unambiguous.
GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4:

Rules must be applied consistently, e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level
descriptors.
GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5:

Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question (however; the use of the full mark range may
be limited according to the quality of the candidate responses seen).

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GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6:

Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thresholds or grade
descriptors in mind.

Science-Specific Marking Principles

1 Examiners should consider the context and scientific use of any keywords when awarding marks. Although keywords may be present, marks
should not be awarded if the keywords are used incorrectly.
2 The examiner should not choose between contradictory statements given in the same question part, and credit should not be awarded for any
correct statement that is contradicted within the same question part. Wrong science that is irrelevant to the question should be ignored.
3 Although spellings do not have to be correct, spellings of syllabus terms must allow for clear and unambiguous separation from other syllabus
terms with which they may be confused (e.g. ethane / ethene, glucagon / glycogen, refraction / reflection).
4 The error carried forward (ecf) principle should be applied, where appropriate. If an incorrect answer is subsequently used in a scientifically
correct way, the candidate should be awarded these subsequent marking points. Further guidance will be included in the mark scheme where
necessary and any exceptions to this general principle will be noted.
5 ‘List rule’ guidance

For questions that require n responses (e.g. State two reasons …):

• The response should be read as continuous prose, even when numbered answer spaces are provided.
• Any response marked ignore in the mark scheme should not count towards n.
• Incorrect responses should not be awarded credit but will still count towards n.
• Read the entire response to check for any responses that contradict those that would otherwise be credited. Credit should not be
awarded for any responses that are contradicted within the rest of the response. Where two responses contradict one another, this should
be treated as a single incorrect response.
• Non-contradictory responses after the first n responses may be ignored even if they include incorrect science.

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6 Calculation specific guidance

Correct answers to calculations should be given full credit even if there is no working or incorrect working, unless the question states ‘show
your working’.

For questions in which the number of significant figures required is not stated, credit should be awarded for correct answers when rounded by
the examiner to the number of significant figures given in the mark scheme. This may not apply to measured values.

For answers given in standard form (e.g. a × 10n) in which the convention of restricting the value of the coefficient (a) to a value between 1 and
10 is not followed, credit may still be awarded if the answer can be converted to the answer given in the mark scheme.

Unless a separate mark is given for a unit, a missing or incorrect unit will normally mean that the final calculation mark is not awarded.
Exceptions to this general principle will be noted in the mark scheme.
7 Guidance for chemical equations

Multiples / fractions of coefficients used in chemical equations are acceptable unless stated otherwise in the mark scheme.

State symbols given in an equation should be ignored unless asked for in the question or stated otherwise in the mark scheme.

Mark categories

B marks These are independent marks, which do not depend on other marks. For a B mark to be awarded, the point to which it refers must be
seen specifically in the candidate’s answer.
M marks These are method marks upon which A marks later depend. For an M mark to be awarded, the point to which it refers must be seen
specifically in the candidate’s answer. If a candidate is not awarded an M mark, the later A mark cannot be awarded either.
C marks These are compensatory marks which can be awarded even if the points to which they refer are not written down by the candidate,
providing subsequent working gives evidence that they must have known them. For example, if an equation carries a C mark and the
candidate does not write down the actual equation but does correct working which shows the candidate knew the equation, then the C
mark is awarded.
If a correct answer is given to a numerical question, all of the preceding C marks are awarded automatically. It is only necessary to
consider each of the C marks in turn when the numerical answer is not correct.
A marks These are answer marks. They may depend on an M mark or allow a C mark to be awarded by implication.

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Abbreviations and guidance

/ Alternative answers for the same marking point.

underline Actual word underlined must be used by candidate (grammatical variants accepted).
(brackets) The word or phrase in brackets is not required but sets the context.
AND / and Statements on both sides of the AND are needed for that mark.
OR / or Indicates alternative answers, any one of which is satisfactory for scoring the marks.
NOT / not Indicates that an incorrect answer is not to be disregarded but cancels another otherwise correct alternative offered by the
candidate for this mark.
Accept / Acc A less than ideal answer which should be marked correct.
Ignore / Ig Indicates that something which is not correct or irrelevant is to be disregarded.
e.c.f. ‘error carried forward’
o.w.t.t.e. ‘or words to that effect’
s.f.
rule will be specified in the mark scheme.
‘significant figures’ – answers are normally acceptable to any number of significant figures ⩾ 2. Any exceptions to this general

Arithmetic errors If the only error in arriving at a final answer is clearly an arithmetic one, all but the final A mark can be awarded. Regard a
power of ten error as an arithmetic error.
Transcription errors If the only error in arriving at a final answer is because given or previously calculated data has clearly been misread but used
correctly, all but the final A mark can be awarded.
Fractions Only accept these where specified in the mark scheme.
Crossed-out work Work which has been crossed out and not replaced but can easily be read, should be marked as if it had not been crossed
out.

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Question Answer Marks

1(a) mention of gradient of graph at t = 30 s OR tangent drawn at t = 30 s and triangle drawn OR values of t and v taken from C1
graph
Dv C1
α= OR calculation shown
Dt
acceleration in range 0.30 to 0.45 m / s2 A1
1(b) acceleration less / at a slower rate B1
less driving force OR greater resistive force / friction / air resistance / drag AND resultant force less B1
1(c) area under graph / area under line C1
1 1 C1
distance = (20 × 40) + ( × 40 × 10) OR × (30 + 20) × 40
2 2
1000 m A1

Question Answer Marks

2(a) force B1
impulse B1
2(b)(i) (p =) mv OR 0.046 × 65 C1
3.0 kg m / s OR 3.0 N s A1
2(b)(ii) C1
m (v − u) 3.0 OR (v − u)
(F =) or a= and F = ma or
t 0.00050 t
0.046 # 65
or
0.00050
0.046 × 130 000

A1
6000 N OR 6000 N

2(b)(iii) elastic (energy) OR strain (energy) B1

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Question Answer Marks

3(a)(i) nuclear fusion B1
3(a)(ii) nuclei combine / join together B1
small nuclei to larger nuclei OR hydrogen to helium (in some way) OR loss of mass B1
3(b) any suitable resource, e.g. fossil fuels; hydroelectric; wave; wind NOT geothermal, nuclear M1
renewable OR not (according answer) AND matching explanation A1
3(c) any two advantages from: no polluting gases / quiet / low maintenance / can be placed on roofs / clean / cheap to run B2
any two disadvantages from: intermittent supply / unattractive / takes up space / uses land / d.c. output B2

Question Answer Marks

4(a) atoms collide with wall (and rebound) OR atoms rebound from wall B1
(atoms) undergo change of momentum C1
force on wall = (total) rate of change of momentum (of atoms) A1
OR = change of momentum (of atoms) per second
OR = change of momentum (of atoms) / time
4(b)(i) fewer atoms per unit volume OR density of gas less B1
rate of collision (with walls of balloon) decreases OR fewer collisions per unit area B1
4(b)(ii) P1 V1 1.0 # 105 # 9.6 C1
PV = constant OR P1V1 = P2V2 OR (P2 =) OR
V2 12
8.0 × 104 Pa A1

Question Answer Marks

5(a) arrangement: B2
Ice: in lattice / regular / arranged / orderly / fixed in place
Water: random / irregular / not arranged / not orderly

motion:
Ice: vibrate
Water: move (around) or slide over each other
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Question Answer Marks

5(b)(i) m C1
d= in any form OR (m =) Vd OR 1800 × 0.025 × 920
V
41 000 kg A1
5(b)(ii) (∆E =) cm∆θ OR 2.1 × 103 × 41 000 × 3.5 C1
3.0 × 108 (J) A1

Question Answer Marks

6(a)(i) any two rays that start at the top of the image from: M2
• seems to come from F1 to lens and emerges paraxially
• passes through centre of lens undeviated
• paraxial to the lens and passes through F2
two correct rays traced back and image indicated A1
6(a)(ii) any two of: enlarged / inverted / real underlined B1
enlarged AND inverted AND real underlined B1
6(b) refracted ray in prism below yellow ray AND above normal B1
emergent ray diverging away from the yellow ray AND outside of prism B1

Question Answer Marks

7(a) 330–350 m / s B1
7(b) v (a) C1
v = fλ OR (f =) OR
m 0.022
Correct answer: e.g. 330 m / s gives 15 000 Hz A1
7(c) use of transducer to send and receive pulses of ultrasound B1
(display used to determine) time for echo of pulse to return from front AND back of bubble B1
use of speed of sound in the metal B1
use of distance = speed × time to calculate position and size B1

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Question Answer Marks

8(a) RS = RA + RB in any form OR (RS =) RA + RB OR (RS =) 4 + 8 C1
(RS =) 12 (Ω) C1
1 C1
(RP =) in any form
1 +
RS RC
b 1 l

RS RC
OR (RP =)
(RS + RC)
1 (6 # 12)
OR (RP =) OR (RP =)
1 1 18
12 6
d + n

(RP =) 4.0 Ω A1
8(b) 8 8 C1
12 12
V8 = supply V × d n OR = 24 × d n

(V8 =) 16 V A1
OR alternative route C1
supply V 24
I8 = OR = OR = 2 (A)
12 12
(V8 = 2 × 8 =) 16 V A1

Question Answer Marks

9(a) ball gets –ve charge (from –ve plate) B1
–ve(ly charged ball) attracted to +ve / repelled from –ve B1
9(b) particles: electrons B1
direction: from left to right (through ammeter) B1

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Question Answer Marks

9(c) Q C1
Q = It in any form OR words, numbers, symbols
t
8.5 # 10-10 C1
correct use of f = 4 Hz OR T = 0.25 s i.e. 8.5 × 10–10 × 4 OR
0.25
(I =) 3.4 × 10–9 A A1

Question Answer Marks

10(a)(i) 237 B1
93
Np
4 B1
2
a

10(a)(ii) gamma and beta will not produce enough ions / ion pairs per cm B1
14 14 14
10(b) (No of Am atoms remaining = 8 × 10 – 6 × 10 ) = 2 × 10 C1
4 × 1014 (Am atoms remain after 470 yrs or 1 half-life) C1
(2 × 1014 Am atoms remain after) 940 yrs or 2 half-lives A1

Question Answer Marks

11(a) hydrogen gas in stellar cloud / nebula pulled together by gravity B1
temperature of hydrogen increases AND a protostar is formed B1
nuclear fusion begins and outward force from this reaction balances inward force of gravity B1
11(b) any three from: B3
microwave radiation is observed at all points in space around the Earth o.w.t.t.e.
radiation was produced when the Universe was formed
this radiation has expanded into the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum
this is evidence that the Universe expanded

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Question Answer Marks

12(a) Ns Vs Np # Vs C1
8000 # 6
= in any form OR (Ns =) OR
Np Vp Vp 240

200 A1
12(b) Is # Vs 2.0 # 6 C1
IpVp = IsVs in any form OR (Ip =) OR
Vp 240

0.050 A A1

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