Earth Science

Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Origin and Structure of the
Earth (Planet Earth)
Earth Science
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Origin and Structure of the Earth – Planet Earth First Edition,
2020

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 Earth Science
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Origin and Structure
Of the Earth
(Planet Earth)
For the learner:

Welcome to the Earth and Life Science Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on
Origin and Structure of the Earth – Planet Earth!

The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action, and purpose. Through our hands, we may learn, create, and
accomplish many things. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that
you, as a learner, are capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need
to Know

What
I Know What I Have Learned

This will give you an idea of the skills or

competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.
This part includes an activity that aims to check
what you already know about the lesson to take. If
you get all the answers correct (100%), you may
decide to skip this module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you link the
What’s In current lesson with the previous one.
In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to
you in various ways such as a story, a song, a poem,
What’s New a problem opener, an activity or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.
This comprises activities for independent practice
to solidify your understanding and skills of the
What is It topic. You may check the answers to the exercises
using the Answer Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process what
you learned from the lesson.
What’s More
 What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will help you
transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of

mastery in achieving the learning competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to

you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to
help you master the nature of Earth and Life Science. The scope of
this module permits it to be used in many different learning
situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students.
The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order
in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now
using.

The module focuses on the lesson:

• Lesson 1 – Planet Earth

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify the characteristics of the Earth that supports life; and
2. expound how the characteristics of the Earth sustain the needs of a living
organism.

What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Why is Earth called “the living planet?”
A. It sustains life. C. It has water at the surface
B. It has atmosphere D. All of the above
2. Which among the set of planets are called terrestrial?
A. Jupiter, Neptune, Uranus
B. Mercury, Venus, Mars, Earth
C. Earth, Venus, Mars, Jupiter
D. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
3. What makes the planet Earth habitable compared to other planets?
A. It has soil. C. It has people.
B. It has trees. D. It has liquid water.
4. What makes planet Earth habitable?
A. It has comfortable distance from the sun.
B. It has atmosphere that protects from radiation.
C. The atmosphere holds carbon dioxide and other gases.
D. All of the above
5. Why is Earth called a terrestrial planet?
A. It has life C. It is farther from the sun

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 B. It is closest to the sun D. It is placed at almost the middle planets

6. Which of the following best describes the surface of the planet Earth?
A. a thick layer of hydrogen gas
B. cloudy and hot with lots of volcano
C. cold, rocky, and covered with red dust
D. mostly water surface with some areas of land
7. Earth is said to be a unique planet. Which answer verifies the
statement?
A. It supports life.
B. It is mostly covered in water.
C. Its atmosphere is mostly nitrogen and oxygen.
D. All of the above
8. Which is supported and sustained by planet?
A. life C. a rocky core
B. B. a moon D. an atmosphere
9. How many percent of water comprises the Earth?
A. 15% C. 50%
B. 30% D. 70%
10. Which factors are needed for organisms to live on Earth?
A. temperature and nutrient C. only A
B. atmosphere and energy D. both A and B
11. What characteristics does the Earth have to maintain an organism’s
body to survive?
A. Earth has a water cycle and atmosphere
B. Earth has volcanic activities to circulate nutrients.
C. Earth has sub-surface water or molten rock that can circulate and
replenish nutrients for organisms. D. All of the above
12. What makes Earth similar to Venus?
A. Earth and Venus are the right sizes to hold a sufficient atmosphere.
B. Venus’ atmosphere is 100 times thicker than Earth.
C. Among all the solid planets and moons, only Earth, Venus, and Titan
have significant atmospheres.
D. Both A and C
13. Which statement about the Earth will help organisms to survive?
A. Earth has no protective equipment like ozone.
B. Earth has layer water only for favorable climate.
C. Earth has man-made natural cycles
D. Earth’s temperature is neither the hottest nor the coldest among other
planets.
14. Which distinct characteristic made Earth different from any other
planet?
A. It is the only rocky planet.

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 B. It is the only planet that turns around in space.
C. It is the only planet that has a large amount of liquid water.
D. It is the only planet that changes its structure
15. What does Earth offers to human in order to sustain life?
A. Earth has abundant plant life.
B. Earth has sufficient nutrients from ocean to land.
C. Only A
D. Both A and B.

Lesson
Origin and Structure of the
1 Earth- Planet Earth
Earth is the only planet in the solar system known to harbour life. Our planet has a
molten nickel-iron core which gave rise to an extensive magnetic field, which, along
with the atmosphere, shields us from harmful radiation coming from the Sun. In
this module, you will understand why this planet is called the “living planet.”

What’s In

Just a part of the vast universe is the solar system. From the previous concepts
learned, identify the planets in the solar system in the given illustration.

Question: What do you think are the characteristics of the planet Earth that make it
different from all the other planets?

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 What’s New
Earth: A Habitable Planet
Read the document carefully and answer the questions that follow

Table 1. Factors that make a planet habitable

Factors that Not Enough of the Just Right Too Much of the Factor Situation in the Solar System
make a Factor
Planet
Habitable

Temperature Low temperatures Life seems to be limited At about 125oC, protein Surface: only the Earth’s
influences how cause chemicals to to a and carbohydrate surface is in this temperature
quickly atoms react slowly, which temperature range of - molecules, and the genetic range. Sub-surface: the interior
and molecules interferes with the 15oC to 115oC. In this material (e.g., DNA and of the solid planets and moons
move. reactions necessary for range, liquid water RNA) start to break apart. may be in this temperature
life. It can also cause can still exist under Also, high temperatures range.
the freezing of water, certain conditions. cause the quick
making liquid water evaporation of water.
unavailable.

Atmosphere Small planets and Earth and Venus are Venus’s atmosphere is Of the solid planets and moons,
moons have the right size to hold 100 times thicker than only Earth, Venus, and Titan
insufficient gravity to a sufficient Earth’s. It is made almost have significant atmospheres.
hold an atmosphere. atmosphere. Earth’s entirely of greenhouse Mars’ atmosphere is about
The gas molecules atmosphere is about gasses, making the 1/100th that of Earth’s, too
escape to space, 100 miles thick. It surface too hot for life. small for significant insulation
leaving the planet or keeps the surface The four giant planets are or shielding.
moon without an warm and protects it completely made of gas.
insulating blanket or a from radiation and
protective shield. small- to
mediumsized
meteorites.

Notes to the Teacher

This module focuses on identifying the similarities and

differences among Earth and neighbo uring planets and the
factors that make a planet habitable.

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Energy When there is too little With a steady input Light energy is a problem Surface: The inner planets get
sunlight or too few of the of either light or if it makes a planet too hot too much sunlight for life. The
chemicals that provide chemical energy, or if there are too many outer planets get too little.
energy to cells, such as cells can run the harmful rays, such as
iron or sulfur, chemical reactions ultraviolet. Too many Sub-surface: Most solid planets
organisms die. necessary for life. energy-rich chemicals is and moons have energy-rich
not a problem chemicals.

Nutrients used to Without chemicals to All solid planets and Too many nutrients are not a Surface: Earth has a water cycle, an
build and make proteins and moons have the same problem. However, too active atmosphere, and volcanoes to
maintain an carbohydrates, organisms general chemical a circulation system, such as circulate nutrients. Venus, Titan,
organism’s body. cannot grow. Planets makeup, so nutrients the constant volcanism on Io, and Mars have nutrients and
without systems to deliver are present. Those with Jupiter’s moon, Io, or the ways to circulate them to
nutrients to its organisms a water cycle or volcanic churning atmospheres of the organisms.
(e.g., a water cycle or activity can transport gas planets, interferes with an
volcanic activity) cannot and replenish the organism’s ability to get Sub-surface: Any planet or moon
support life. Also, when chemicals required by enough nutrients. with sub-surface water or molten
nutrients are spread so living organisms. rock can circulate and replenish
thin that they are hard to nutrients for organisms
obtain, such as on a gas
planet, life cannot exist.

Factors that make a planet habitable. National Science Foundation, n,d.http://www.lpi.usara.edu/education/explore/our_place/hab_ref_table.pdf

Question:
1. What are the factors that make the planet habitable?
2. What are the characteristics of planet Earth that makes it habitable?

What is It
Earth is the only place in the known universe confirmed to host life and
is the only one known for sure to have liquid water in the surface. These
are reasons why planet earth is a unique one: (1) It has liquid water; (2)
Plate Tectonics; and (3) It has atmosphere that shelters it from the worst of the
sun’s rays.
Earth is the only planet in the solar system that has a large amount of liquid water.
About 70% of the surface of the Earth is covered by liquid or frozen water. Because
of this, Earth is sometimes called “blue planet.” Planet Earth is habitable because it
has the right distance from the sun. It is kept warm by an insulating atmosphere,
and it has the right chemical ingredients for life including water and carbon. It can
provide water, oxygen, useful biological products for human, and has suitable
weather and climate.

Earth, Venus, and Mars may have similarities: (1) They all are terrestrial planets,
made of solid rocks and silicates; (2) They all have an atmosphere; (3) They all
almost have the same time to rotate on their axes; (4) Earth and Mars both have
water; (5) They all have carbon dioxide; and (6 All have landforms. Earth, Venus,
and Mars have differences: (1) Venus has no water; (2) Venus and Mars don’t have
oxygen; and (3) Earth has life forms.

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 What’s More

Activity 1.1 Understanding Planet Earth

Compare and Contrast
How is planet Earth similar and different from Venus and Mars? Provide possible
explanations for your observations using the information in the table.
VENUS EARTH MARS

Mass (1024kg) 4.87 5.97 0.642

Diameter (km) 12,104 12,756 6792
Density (kg/m3) 5243 5514 3933
Gravity (m/s2) 8.9 9.8 3.7
Escape Velocity (km/s) 10.4 11.2 5
Surface pressure (bars) 92 1 0.01
Composition of atmosphere 96% CO2, 3.5% N 77%N, 21% O2, 1%Ar 95%CO2, 2.7%N, 1.6%Ar
Major Greenhouse Gases(GHG) CO2 CO2 H2O CO2
Mean Temperature (0C) 464 15 -65
Temperature if no greenhouse gases are -46 -18 -57
present
Changes in Temperature (0C) +523 +33 +10
due to greenhouse gases
Distance from the Sun (106km) 108.2 149.6 227.9
Orbital Period (days) 224.7 365.2 687
Orbital Velocity (km/s) 35 29.8 24.1
Length of day (hours) 2802 24 24.7
Global Magnetic Field No Yes No
Comparison of the features of Venus, Earth, and Mars
(National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2015)

What I Have Learned

1. Planet Earth is considered habitable because of the following
reasons: (1) it has the right distance from the sun; (2) it is protected from
harmful solar radiation by its magnetic field; (3) it is kept warm by an
insulating atmosphere; and (4) it has the right amount of ingredients for life,
including water and carbon.
2. Earth is different from other planets in a way that it is the only planet with
liquid water on the surface.
a. Earth, Venus, and Mars may have similarities: (1) They all are terrestrial
planets, made of solid rocks and silicates; (2) They all have an atmosphere;
(3) They all almost have the same time to rotate on their axes; (4) Earth
and Mars both have water; (5) They all have carbon dioxide; and (6) All
have landforms.
a. Earth, Venus, and Mars have differences: (1) Venus has no water; (2) Venus
and Mars don’t have oxygen; and (3) Earth has life forms.

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 What I Can Do
“Terraforming Mars”
Can man change or adjust Mars’ environment to make it more
suitable for human habitation? How?
List down your answer on the table.

Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. What makes planet Earth different from the other planets in the solar system?
A. It supports life. C. The atmosphere holds gases.
B. It is mostly covered in water. D. All of the above
2. Which best describe planet Earth?
A. It has people that live in it.
B. It has soil where trees grow.
C. It has trees that provide oxygen.
D. It has liquid water in the surface.
3. What makes planet Earth a “house” for living organisms?
A. It has comfortable distance from the sun.
B. The atmosphere serves as shields from the sun.
C. Only A
D. Both A and B
4. Which is not true in a comparison between Mars and Earth?
A. It has life mechanism.
B. It has water and atmosphere.
C. It has carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

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 D. It has atmosphere that supports oxygen.
5. Which must be provided for an organism to survive in planet Earth?
A. Mars has larger isolated shield volcanoes than Earth
B. Mars likely cooled more slowly than Earth.
C. Unlike Earth, there are ices on the polar caps of Mars.
D. Unlike Earth, liquid water has not yet been detected on Mars.
6. Planet Earth is considered as “blue planet.” Which of the following best
describes the surface of planet Earth?
A. Earth has atmosphere.
B. Earth has lots of volcano.
C. Earth is covered with red dust.
D. Earth has mostly water on the surface.
7. For many, Earth is different from other planets. Why do you think so?
A. Earth is mostly covered in water.
B. Earth has comfortable distance from the sun.
C. Earth has carbon dioxide on its atmosphere.
D. It has approximately same size as that of Venus.
8. Which statements best define planet Earth?
A. It has gases. C. It has rocky core.
B. It supports life. D. It supports other planet.
9. It was found out that Earth’s surface is covered with water. Approximately,
how many percent of water comprises the Earth?
A. 45% water C. 60% water
B. 50% water D. 70% water
10. Earth can support the survival of organisms. What is/are the factor/s that
make/s Earth habitable?
I. atmosphere III. temperature
II. energy IV. nutrient
A. I C. I, II, III
B. I, II D. I, II, III, IV
11. In order for an organism to survive, nutrients are needed. What are the
nutrients that planet Earth can offer for an organism to exist?
A. Earth has an atmosphere and ozone layer.
B. Earth has both water cycle and nitrogen cycle.
C. Earth has natural activities to circulate nutrients.
D. All of the above
12. Many studies have shown similarities of Earth and Venus. What makes Earth
similar with Venus?
A. Earth and Venus have the same orbit.
B. Earth and Venus have the same diameter.
C. Earth and Venus have the same atmosphere.
D. Earth and Venus are of the right size to hold a sufficient atmosphere.
13. What makes human and other living organisms capable to live on Earth?
A. Earth can provide food for the organism.
B. Earth can protect the organism from any possible threat.
C. Earth’s temperature is mostly hot compared to other planets.

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 D. Earth has the right amount of temperature, water, good atmosphere,
and favorable climate.
14. Planet Earth is considered uniquely different from any other planets in the
Solar system. Which among the given choices correctly answers the
statement?
A. Earth is the only planet that changes structure.
B. Earth is the only planet that turns around in space.
C. Earth is the only planet that is mostly covered with water.
D. Earth is the only planet that is mostly made from rocks.
15. What is the reason why every living thing on Earth has the chance of survival?
A. Earth is covered with 65% water.
B. Earth thick atmosphere consisted mainly of carbon dioxide.
C. Earth has active volcanoes similar with those that are found in Venus.
D. Earth has ozone layer to protect living organisms from harmful
radiation.

Additional Activities

Creating a Planet: Fill up the data needed in your created planet.

My Planet is called _____________________. It is located in the ___________________.
The weather is _____________________It would have __________ kinds of organisms.
The individual who live there are called _________________________.
The individual look like this. The planet looks like this.

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References

Astronomy, accessed May 29,2020, https://www.astronomy.com:solarsys

Comparison and Contrast of the Earth, Venus ,and Mars, Prezi, accessed May 31,
2020, https://prezi.com/fdx8b8igze26/comparison-and-contrast-of-
theearth-venus-and-mars?
Earth: Our Living Planet, NASA Science, accessed May 30, 2020,
https://solarsysytem.nasa.gov

Lunar and Planetary Institute, accessed May 29,2020,

https://www.lpi.usra.edu/education/explore/our_place_/hab_ref_table.pgf?
fbclid=IwAR0PF_PjxWEDwp5hASOZaZY18EG9RKlzgDOeaIb4Xwjey4h2tqJkc
ecH5CE
What Are the Similarities of Venus, Earth, and Mars?,Quora, accessed May 30,
2020, https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-similarities-of-Venus-
Earthand-Mars?

Why Is the Earth Habitable?,American Museum of Natural History, accessed May

26, 2020, https://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/planetearth/why-
is-the-earth-habitable?

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