1.

Introduction
Video games are a form of digital entertainment that engages players
in interactive experiences through electronic platforms such as
gaming consoles, computers, or mobile devices. These experiences
often include elements of challenge, competition, or narrative, and
players control characters or situations in the game, making decisions
and solving problems throughout the gameplay. Video games can
range from simple casual games to complex adventures in virtual
worlds, and they can encompass a wide range of genres, from sports
and action to role-playing and strategy games. They are a popular
form of entertainment in contemporary culture and can be enjoyed
both individually and online with other players.

2. Objetives

2.1. General objetives

To provide interactive and engaging entertainment to players,
offering fun, challenging, and, in some cases, educational
experiences is its purpose

2.2. Specifics objetives

 To promote cooperation
 To enhance skills
 To score points
 To achieve goals or trophies
 To complete a mission or level
 To develop strategies
3. Rational
The main reason for this work is to analyze video games and how
they can affect people, both positively and negatively, and their
psychological impact on some individuals. Since video games are a
common part of our lives and we play them frequently, it is essential
to understand to what extent we dedicate our time to playing them.

4. The oretical framework

4.1. History of Video Games

The history of video games begins in 1958 when William

Higinbotham created "Tennis for Two," one of the earliest known
video games. This simple tennis game was played on an oscilloscope
and allowed players to interact with a virtual ball on the screen.
While rudimentary compared to modern games, it marked the
beginning of a revolution.
The 1970s witnessed the emergence of the first commercial video
games. In 1972, "Pong," developed by Atari, became a massive
success. It was an electronic simulation of ping-pong and contributed
to the popularization of electronic games. In 1978, Taito's "Space
Invaders" became a cultural phenomenon in Japan, laying the
foundations for the growing video game industry in that country.
The 1980s saw the explosion of video games in arcades and homes.
Games like "Pac-Man," "Donkey Kong," and "Super Mario Bros."
became pop culture icons. In 1985, Nintendo released the Nintendo
Entertainment System (NES), revitalizing the video game industry
and setting standards for software quality.
The 1990s brought technological advances that enabled more
advanced graphics and 3D gaming. Sony launched the PlayStation,
which became a major success. The rise of online gaming and
massive multiplayer online (MMO) games also marked this decade.
In the following decades, the video game industry continued to grow
and evolve. Platforms like Xbox, PlayStation, and PC offered a wide
variety of titles for all tastes. Mobile games on smartphones and
 tablets became a popular form of entertainment. Technological
advances such as virtual reality and augmented reality opened up new
possibilities for the industry.
Today, video games are a widely accepted and appreciated form of
entertainment worldwide, with a diversity of genres and platforms
continuing to expand their reach.

4.2. The first videogame

The history of the first video game dates back to the 1950s with the
development of "Tennis for Two." William Higinbotham, a physicist
at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, created this interactive game
in 1958. It ran on an oscilloscope, allowing players to simulate a
tennis match on a screen. While it was a rudimentary experience
compared to modern video games, it marked a significant milestone.
Another contender for the title of the first video game is
"Spacewar!", created in 1962 by Steve Russell and other students at
the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). This game pitted
two players in control of spaceships and was a crucial contribution to
the development of video games.
Both titles represent the early steps toward creating an interactive
electronic entertainment medium. As technology advanced, more
innovations emerged, such as the creation of the first home video
game console, the Magnavox Odyssey, in 1972.
The industry experienced explosive growth during the arcade era in
the 1970s, with hits like Atari's "Pong" in 1972. From there, the
history of video games evolved with the introduction of home
consoles, the 8 and 16-bit eras, and finally, the 3D revolution in the
1990s with titles like "Super Mario 64." Since then, video games
have continued to evolve, becoming a massive form of entertainment
and a constantly expanding multibillion-dollar industry.
4.3. Types of Video Games

Video games are divided into various types or genres, each with
distinctive characteristics that define the gaming experience. These
genres span a wide range of styles and mechanics, providing variety in
the industry. Some of the most common types of video games include:
 Action Games
 Adventure Games
 Role-Playing Games (RPG)
 Strategy Games
 Sports Games
 Racing Games
 Fighting Games
 Horror Games
 Puzzle Games
 Massively Multiplayer Online (MMO) Games
 Battle Royale Games
 Open World Games

4.3.1. Action Games

Focus on physical skill and hand-eye coordination, with an
emphasis on speed and quick reaction.
Examples:
Marvel's Spider-Man 2
Doom
Grand Theft Auto V

4.3.2. Adventure Games

 Emphasize narrative, exploration, and puzzle-solving. Players often
take on specific roles and follow a story throughout the game.
Examples:
Red Dead Redemption 2
Stray
Hogwarts Legacy

4.3.3. Role-Playing Games (RPG)

Allow players to assume character roles, focusing on character
development, decision-making, and exploration of a virtual world.
Examples:
Dark Souls
Elden Ring
The Elder Scrolls

4.3.4. Strategy Games

Require tactical thinking and long-term planning, and can be
divided into real-time strategy (RTS) or turn-based strategy.
Examples:
Dota 2
Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos
StarCraft II: Wings of Liberty

4.3.5. Sports Games

Simulate real-world sports and often include competitions and
mechanics that mimic the sports experience.
Examples:
NBA 2K24
EA Sports FC
Pro Evolution Soccer

4.3.6. Racing Games

 Focus on speed and competition, where players race to be the first
using various types of vehicles.
Examples:
Mario Kart
Dirt 5
Need for Speed

4.3.7. Fighting Games

Feature one-on-one combat between player-controlled characters,
emphasizing skill and precision in movements.
Examples:
Mortal Kombat 1
Street Fighter III
Super Smash Bros: Ultimate

4.3.8. Horror Games

Aim to create an atmosphere of fear and suspense, often using
elements of psychological horror or survival horror.
Examples:
Phasmophobia
Silent Hill
Outlast

4.3.9. Puzzle Games

Challenge the player's mind with logical problems and challenges
that require creative solutions.
Examples:
Shadows of Doubt
Inside the Backrooms
Portal

4.3.10. Massively Multiplayer Online Games

 Allow large numbers of players to interact in a shared virtual world
in real-time.
Examples:
Final Fantasy XIV
Elder Scrolls Online
Star Trek Online

4.3.11. Battle Royale Games

Online multiplayer games where a large number of players compete
until only one remains.
Examples:
Fortnite
Apex Legends
Call of Duty: Warzone

4.3.12. Open World Games

Offer an expansive, non-linear environment that players can explore
freely.
Examples:
Minecraft
Terraria
Genshin Impact

4.4. The most well-known video games.

4.4.1. Minecraft
"Minecraft" is a sandbox game created by Markus Persson, also
known as "Notch." Development began in May 2009, and the game
was publicly released in alpha in May 2009, followed by the full
version in November 2011.
The essence of "Minecraft" lies in its open and creative approach.
Players find themselves in a three-dimensional world generated
 procedurally, composed of cubic blocks of different materials such
as dirt, stone, wood, and more. The game lacks a specific goal,
allowing players the freedom to explore, build, and survive in a
pixelated environment.
Over the years, "Minecraft" has undergone numerous updates,
adding new features and expanding its universe. The "Survival"
mode challenges players to gather resources and face enemies like
skeletons and creepers, while "Creative" mode grants them
unlimited access to all blocks, encouraging unrestricted creativity.
The game has gained immense popularity due to its unique
gameplay, the ability to build impressive structures, an active player
community, and the capacity for customization through
modifications (mods). "Minecraft" has transcended platforms, being
available on PC, consoles, mobile devices, and more, becoming a
cultural phenomenon with millions of players worldwide.

4.4.2. The Legend of Zelda Saga

"The Legend of Zelda" is a renowned video game saga that blends
action, adventure, and role-playing elements. Created by Shigeru
Miyamoto and Takashi Tezuka, it stands as one of Nintendo's most
iconic franchises. The series debuted in 1986 with the game "The
Legend of Zelda" for the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES).
The saga follows the adventures of Link, the main hero, as he
battles the evil Ganon to rescue Princess Zelda and protect the land
of Hyrule. Over the years, the series has evolved with numerous
installments, exploring different timelines, artistic styles, and
gameplay mechanics.
While each "The Legend of Zelda" game features a unique
narrative, they share recurring elements such as the Triforce,
magical artifacts, and the kingdom of Hyrule. The saga has been
praised for its innovative design, memorable music, and the ability
to immerse players in fantastical worlds.
Notable titles include "The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time,"
considered one of the greatest games of all time, and "The Legend
of Zelda: Breath of the Wild," which revolutionized the series with
an expansive open world. The "The Legend of Zelda Saga" has left
 a lasting mark on video game culture and continues to be beloved
by generations of players.

4.4.3. Red Dead Redemption 2

Red Dead Redemption 2 unfolds in the twilight of the Wild West,
within the Van der Linde gang, led by the charismatic Dutch van
der Linde. Arthur Morgan, the protagonist, embodies the
complexity of an outlaw with a moral code in a rapidly changing
world.
The narrative begins with the gang on the run after a disastrous
heist in Blackwater. Across vast prairies and snow-covered
mountains, gang members struggle to survive, facing the relentless
pursuit of authorities and the threat of internal dissolution.
Arthur's loyalty to Dutch, his mentor and leader, is tested as
tensions escalate. The game explores themes such as family,
morality, and redemption as Arthur confronts the reality of his past
and present actions. His relationships with other gang members,
such as John Marston and Sadie Adler, add emotional layers to the
story.
Throughout the narrative, players witness impactful events, from
spectacular train robberies to encounters with legendary figures of
the Wild West. As civilization advances, outlaws find themselves
increasingly out of place, witnessing the end of an era.
Arthur's progression is not only physical but also moral. His choices
affect his honor and how others perceive him. As the gang faces
ever greater challenges, difficult decisions become inevitable. The
game culminates in a thrilling and poignant climax, marking the
conclusion of Arthur Morgan's journey and leaving a lasting imprint
on the epic of the Wild West.

4.4.4. Fifa Series

The FIFA series doesn't have a continuous narrative story
throughout its editions, as each game is released annually and
focuses on delivering improvements in gameplay, graphics, and
 features rather than a continuous plot. However, I can provide you
with an overview of the evolution and general focus of the series.
FIFA started in 1993 as an officially licensed FIFA football game,
representing the international governing body for the sport. Over
the years, the series has undergone a constant evolution in terms of
graphics, gameplay mechanics, and game modes. It has aimed to
provide an increasingly realistic and authentic experience of the
sport.
The introduction of the "Manager" mode allowed players to take
control of an entire team, managing aspects such as tactics,
transfers, and the club's finances. Later on, the popular "Ultimate
Team" mode was implemented, enabling players to build their
teams by acquiring virtual player cards.
Throughout the years, the FIFA series has sought to capture the
excitement and authenticity of the global football scene,
incorporating elements such as detailed commentary, enhanced
graphics, additional leagues and teams, as well as real-time events
and competitions. Each new edition reflects updates in the world of
football, including changes in rosters, uniforms, and game rules.

4.4.5. Doom Series

The history of Doom is an integral part of the development of video
games, and the game itself has had a significant impact on the
interactive entertainment industry. Here's a summary of the Doom
series:

4.4.5.1. Doom (1993):

Doom was developed by id Software and released in 1993. It was
created by John Carmack and John Romero, among others. The
game became a cultural phenomenon and is considered one of the
most influential titles in the history of video games.
Plot:
The story of Doom is relatively simple. You are a space marine
known as the "Doomguy," sent to the Mars research base of the
Union Aerospace Corporation (UAC) after experiments with
 dimensional portals opened gates to hell. Demons invade the
facilities, and your goal is to fight through the infernal hordes to
save humanity.

4.4.5.2. Doom II: Hell on Earth (1994):

In Doom II, the demonic invasion spreads to Earth. The Doomguy,
now armed with new weapons, must make his way through the city
and other environments to stop the demonic threat.

4.4.5.3. Doom 3 (2004):

Doom 3, developed by id Software, is more of a reimagining than a
direct continuation of the previous installments. It introduces a
more elaborate narrative and enhanced graphics. The story focuses
on a new UAC recruit on Mars, where secret experiments unleash a
new wave of demons.

4.4.5.4. Doom (2016):

The game simply titled "Doom" (sometimes referred to as Doom 4),
released in 2016, is a reboot of the series. The Doom Slayer (the
modern version of the Doomguy) wakes up on Mars, now infested
by demons, and embarks on a mission to stop the invasion.

4.4.5.5. Doom Eternal (2020):

Doom Eternal is the direct sequel to Doom (2016). The story
expands, revealing more about the origin of the Doom Slayer and
his connection to gods and demons. The game introduces new
enemies, weapons, and gameplay mechanics.
The Doom series has left a lasting mark on the video game industry
due to its intense action, innovative level design, and contribution
to the first-person shooter genre. The franchise has evolved over the
years, but the essence of demon-slaying and fast-paced gameplay
has endured over time.

4.4.6. Final Fantasy VII

In the vast world of Gaia, the Shinra Corporation ruthlessly exploits
the planet's life energy, Mako. Cloud Strife, a mercenary with a
 troubled past, joins AVALANCHE, an eco-terrorist group led by
Barret Wallace. Their mission: stop Shinra.
During an attack on a Mako plant, Cloud encounters Aerith
Gainsborough, a florist with special abilities. As the group
confronts Shinra, they uncover the true threat: Sephiroth, a former
member of SOLDIER with plans for world domination.
Cloud and his companions embark on a journey to stop Sephiroth
and save the world. In their odyssey, revelations about the deep
connection between Cloud and Sephiroth emerge. The shocking
death of Aerith at the hands of Sephiroth adds a tragic twist.
The group advances to the Ancient City and the Northern Crater to
confront Sephiroth. The truth behind Cloud's memories is revealed
in an epic battle. They defeat Sephiroth and save the world, but
Aerith's sacrifice leaves its mark.
After the victory, the group disperses. Cloud and Tifa return to
Midgar to rebuild their lives. "Final Fantasy VII" leaves an
indelible mark with its epic plot, unforgettable characters, and
lasting impact on the history of video games.

4.4.7. GTA V
In the vibrant and decadent setting of Los Santos, a metropolis
reflecting the excesses and contrasts of Los Angeles, three
individuals with intertwined destinies embark on a plot full of chaos
and ambition. Michael De Santa, a former bank robber, attempts to
find peace in suburban life, but tranquility fades as his dark past
catches up with him. Franklin Clinton, a young man with
aspirations greater than his surroundings, delves into the dark
underworld of crime to escape the limitations of his life in the lower
neighborhoods. Trevor Philips, a ruthless psychopath with a twisted
sense of humor, reemerges in a thunderous manner to reignite a
criminal partnership with Michael.
As the trio of protagonists carries out audacious heists, they
encounter a diverse array of characters, from drug cartel leaders to
corrupt government agents. The plot unfolds with shocking
revelations and unexpected twists, exploring the complexities of
 friendship, betrayal, and loyalty in the criminal underworld of Los
Santos.
The narrative reaches its climax with a spectacular heist on the
Federal Reserve, where tensions between Michael, Franklin, and
Trevor reach their zenith. After this masterful heist, the paths of the
protagonists diverge. Michael, eager for redemption, attempts to
rebuild his relationship with his dysfunctional family. Trevor,
uncontrollable as ever, continues his spiral of chaos and violence.
Meanwhile, Franklin, seeking a future beyond the shadows of
crime, embarks on a journey to find his own path.
GTA V offers a narrative experience marked by graphic violence,
distinctive dark humor, and a profound exploration of moral
conflicts in a world where the lines between good and evil are
blurred, and corruption is commonplace.

4.5. Most played video games in the history

The most played video games in history are those that have managed to
attract a large number of players and maintain an active user base over
time. These games often stand out for offering engaging experiences,
whether through immersive narratives, innovative gameplay mechanics,
popular multiplayer modes, or active communities. Additionally, they
tend to adapt to changing industry trends and stay relevant through
updates, expansions, and special events. The popularity of these games
is often measured by the number of active players, participation in
online events, and their impact on gaming culture.
Examples:
 Minecraft
 Fortnite
 Grand Theft Auto V (GTA V)
 League of Legends
 Dota 2
 Counter-Strike: Global Offensive (CS:GO)