Credit Card Approval Prediction Using Machine Learning

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Credit card approval prediction using

Machine learning

Introduction:

Credit card approval prediction is a critical task in the financial industry as it helps banks and financial
institutions make informed decisions about whether to approve or decline credit card applications.
Machine learning plays a key role in automating this process and improving its efficiency. This study
aims to develop a credit card approval prediction model using machine learning techniques to
improve the decision-making process and reduce the risk associated with granting credit to
individuals.

The goal of this research is to build a predictive model that can evaluate the creditworthiness of a
credit card applicant based on various characteristics and historical data. By analysing a
comprehensive set of attributes such as income, credit history, employment status and more, the
model evaluates the likelihood that an applicant will default on their credit card payments. This
predictive tool can enable financial institutions to make more accurate and consistent lending
decisions, ultimately mitigating bad debt risk and improving the overall customer experience.

Literature review:

Traditional credit scoring models:

Historically, credit card approval decisions have relied on traditional credit scoring models such as the
FICO score. These models use historical credit data to predict an individual's creditworthiness. Even if
they were effective, they may not capture all relevant information and may lead to missed
opportunities or excessive risk.

Machine learning approaches:

Recent research has shown that machine learning models can significantly improve the prediction of
credit card approvals. Various algorithms have been applied to this problem, including decision trees,
random forests, logistic regression, and neural networks. These models use a wider range of features
and can adapt to changing customer behaviour.
Features and selection:

Functional engineering is a critical aspect of credit card approval prediction. The researchers
explored creating new features and selecting the most relevant ones to improve model performance.
For example, creating a debt-to-income ratio or analysing spending patterns can provide valuable
insights.

Unbalanced data handling:

In credit card approval prediction, the data is often unbalanced, most applicants are approved.
Researchers have explored techniques such as resampling, subsampling, and the synthetic minority
resampling technique (SMOTE) to address this issue and prevent model bias.

Interpretable models:

Interpretation is essential in the financial sector. Some studies have focused on the use of
interpretable machine learning models, such as decision trees and rule-based systems, to ensure
transparency and compliance in credit decision-making.

Regulatory aspects:

Financial institutions must follow regulatory guidelines when making credit decisions. Researchers
have considered how machine learning models can be designed to meet these requirements,
including fairness, transparency, and explain ability.

Model Performance Rating:

The performance of credit card approval prediction models is often measured using metrics such as
accuracy, precision, recall, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC). The
research also explored custom metrics tailored to the specific needs of the financial industry.

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