REPUBLIQUE DU CAMEROUN REPUBLIQUE OF CAMEROON

Paix-Travaille-Patrie Peace-Work-Fatherland
-------------------------------- --------------------------------
MINISTERE DE L’ENSEIGNEIGNEMENT MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION
SUPERIEURE
------------------------------- -------------------------------
JFN-HIGHTECH UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE JFN-HIGHTECH UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE
-------------------------------- --------------------------------
BP 3712 DOUALA Bp 3712 DOUALA
TEL :(237) 233 43 43 43 /680 06 60 15 / TEL :(237) 233 43 43 43 /680 06 60 15 /
694 00 56 70 / 675 37 05 69 694 00 56 70 / 675 37 05 69
E-mail : Info@jfn-it.com E-mail :Info@jfn-it.com

INTERNSHIP REPORT

QUEUE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

CASE STUDY : DANGOTE CEMENT S.A

An internship report carried out from the 31st July to the 29th September 2023 at DANGOTE CEMENT
CAMEROON S.A in fulfilment of the award of the Higher National Diploma (HND)

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY ;

DJANKOU GRACE LOVELY

Under the supervision of :

ACADEMIC SUPERVISOR: PROFESSIONAL SUPERVISOR:

Mr. DANG FRANKLIN Mr. FIFEN M. Jahmi Habil

ACADEMIC YEAR : 2023 -2024

 queue maNAGEMENT SYSTEM

CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that an internship with the topic “QUEUE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM” was
carried out from the 31 of July to the 15th of September 2023 and this report was written by
st

DJANKOU GRACE LOVELY in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the
Higher National Diploma (HND) in Software Engineering.

ACADEMIC SUPERVISOR PROFESSIONAL SUPERVISOR

SIGNATURE………………… SIGNATURE…………………….

DATE…………………………

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DEDICATION

TO MY BELOVED FAMILY

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The accomplishment of this work would not have been possible without the help
of some people. Failing to quote them individually here, they receive my most
sincere thanks. I am particularly grateful to:

 First and foremost, I would like to acknowledge the Almighty God for
seeing me through up to this level of achievement in my life.

 Mr. MBOUCK Bertrand the country manager of DCC for given me the
opportunity of carrying out my academic in his company.

 Mr. NAFACK Alphonse, Founder and President of JFN-HUI for the

establishment of this structure for the purpose of training students.

 Special thanks to Mr. DANG Franklin, my academic supervisor, for his

time, personal efforts, practical skills, professional guidance and direction
towards the success of my internship and end of year project. He has been
a great source of inspiration and motivation to me.

 To Mr. FOHTUNG TANYI Stanley, my professional supervisor for

having given me his attention throughout this period of internship, for his
support, his trust, his availability, his advices and his precious remarks.
 To the DCC IT team;
 Mrs. NANA DJOMO Stephanie
 Mr. MOUNTAPBEME FIFEN Jahmi Habil

 ALL MY LECTURERS for the knowledge they instilled in me.

 I am very grateful to my beloved FAMILY, most especially my
PARENTS for their persistent moral advice and financial support in
every aspect of my education. Their love has been a major support both
physically and spiritually in my life.

 A big thank you to all my friends and classmates (EGBE BORIS,

NGASSA JOSPIN, POUHE MICHEL) who contributed for the
development of this work.
 To everyone I have failed to mention here, Thank you

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ABSTRACT

The training of students in the professional system demands that they go for
internship, to put in practice what was done in theory and some practical lessons
treated in school. This helps the student gain some professional experience, and
to meet the job market. During my internship DANGOTE CEMENT
CAMEROON, I decided to work on “QUEUE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM”
because customers service is one aspect of business that enhances a company in
business performance so as to earn big from the business venture being
undertaken. DCC uses a manual record system which have inconsistencies like
data redundancy. The main purpose for the queue Management System is to
assist the management have a computerized storage system that issues tickets to
truck drivers. Class diagrams, use case diagrams and sequence diagrams are
some of the tools that will be used to develop the required system. The driver’s
and customer’s information, once an appointment is fixed, both the customer
and driver are aware. The system has forms used to add data into the database,
delete data, view, add, delete and modify appointment and update data.

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RESUME

La formation des étudiants dans le système professionnel exige qu'ils effectuent

un stage, afin de mettre en pratique ce qui a été fait en théorie et certaines leçons
pratiques traitées à l'école. Cela permet à l'étudiant d'acquérir une expérience
professionnelle et de se confronter au marché du travail. Au cours de mon stage
à DANGOTE CEMENT CAMEROUN, j'ai décidé de travailler sur le
"SYSTÈME DE GESTION DE LA CLIENTÈLE", car le service à la clientèle
est l'un des aspects de l'activité commerciale qui améliore les performances
d'une entreprise et lui permet de gagner beaucoup d'argent grâce à l'entreprise
qu'elle entreprend. DCC utilise un système d'enregistrement manuel qui présente
des incohérences telles que la redondance des données. L'objectif principal du
système de gestion des files d'attente est d'aider la direction à disposer d'un
système de stockage informatisé qui délivre des tickets aux chauffeurs de
camion. Les diagrammes de classes, les diagrammes de cas d'utilisation et les
diagrammes de séquence sont quelques-uns des outils qui seront utilisés pour
développer le système requis. Les informations relatives au chauffeur et au
client : lorsqu'un rendez-vous est fixé, le client et le chauffeur en sont informés.
Le système comporte des formulaires permettant d'ajouter des données dans la
base de données, de supprimer des données, de visualiser, d'ajouter, de
supprimer et de modifier des rendez-vous et de mettre à jour des données.

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LISTE OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1: AGILE SDLC MODEL

FIGURE 2: INCREMENTAL MODEL
FIGURE 3: USECASE DIAGRAM
FIGURE 4:CLASS DIAGRAM
FIGURE 5: SEQUENCE DIAGRAM

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LISTE OF TABLES

TABLE 1: EXPECTED BENEFICES

TABLE 2: MATERIAL USED
TABLE 3: PROJECT COST EVALUATION
TABLE 4: USE CASE ANALYSIS

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LISTE OF ACRONYMS

HND: Higher National Diploma

DCC: Dangote Cement Cameroon
IT DEPT: Information Technology Department
JFN-HUI: Jacky Felly Nafack High-tech University Institute
CSS: Cascading Styling Sheets
DBMS: Database Management System
PHP: Php Hypertext Protocol
SWE: Software Engineering
UML: Unified Modelling Language
SQL: Structured Query Language
SDLC: Software Development Life Cycle
HTML: Hypertext Markup Language
XAMPP: Cross-platform. Apache.MySQL.PHP.Perl

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Table of Contents
CERTIFICATION.......................................................................................................................................1
DEDICATION...........................................................................................................................................1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT............................................................................................................................1
ABSTRACT...............................................................................................................................................1
RESUME..................................................................................................................................................1
LISTE OF FIGURES...................................................................................................................................1
LISTE OF TABLES.....................................................................................................................................1
LISTE OF ACRONYMS..............................................................................................................................1
I GENERAL INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................1
I.1 CONTEXTE STUDY...................................................................................................................1
I.2 DEFINITION AND CLASSIFICATION OF MAIN CONCEPTS.....................................................1
I.3 THE PROBLEMATIC................................................................................................................1
I.4 AIM OF STUDY........................................................................................................................1
I.5 THE ORGANISATION OF THE WORK........................................................................................1
II CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK...........................................................................................................1
CHAPTER 1: PRESENTATION OF COMPANY AND ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT DURING THE INTERNSHIP. .1
SECTION 1 : PRESENTATION OF THE COMPANY.................................................................................1
II.1.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW......................................................................................................1
II.1.2 HISTORY AND EVOLUTION..............................................................................................1
II.1.3 OUR VISION....................................................................................................................1
II.1.4 OUR MISSION..................................................................................................................1
II.1.5 Our Values......................................................................................................................1
II.1.6 PRODUCTS AND SERVICES..............................................................................................1
II.1.7 ORGANISATIONS IDENTIFICATION SLIP...........................................................................1
II.1.8 ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE OF DCC CAMEROON......................................................1
II.2 ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT DURING THE INTERNSHIP PERIOD.................................................1
II.3 CHOICE AND JUSTIFICATION OF THE RESEARCH TOPIC..........................................................1
CHAPTER 2: OVERVIEW OR GENERALITIES ON THE TOPIC STUDIED.......................................................1
II.4 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................1
II.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF QUEUE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM................................................................1
II.6 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF QUEUE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM............................1
II.6.1 ADVANTAGES..................................................................................................................1
II.6.2 DISADVANTAGES............................................................................................................1
II.7 BENEFITS/IMPORTANCE OF QUEUE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM................................................1

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II.8 Conclusion..............................................................................................................................1
III PART 2 : EMPIRICAL STUDY.............................................................................................................1
CHAPTER 3 : ANALYSIS AND DESIGN SOLUTIONS Introduction..............................................................1
III.1 SECTION 1: DIAGNOSIS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM.................................................................1
III.1.1 FUNCTIONALITIES...........................................................................................................1
III.1.2 LIMITATIONS...................................................................................................................1
III.2 SECTION 2: DETAILED ANALYSIS OF THE PROPOSED SOLUTION.............................................1
III.2.1 PROPOSED SOLUTIONS...................................................................................................1
III.2.2 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (SDLC).....................................................................1
III.2.3 DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY....................................................................................1
III.2.4 FUCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS...........................................................................................1
III.2.5 NON-FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS...............................................................................1
III.2.6 Modelling language........................................................................................................1
III.2.7 System design.................................................................................................................1
USE CASE ANALYSIS;.......................................................................................................................1
Actors, Use cases, And their description........................................................................................1
III.2.8 CLASS DIAGRAM.............................................................................................................1
III.2.9 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM......................................................................................................1
CHAPTER 4: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM.................................................................1
III.3 SECTION ONE: GENERAL PRESENTATION OF ANALYSIS METHOD...........................................1

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I GENERAL INTRODUCTION
I.1 CONTEXTE STUDY
In the course of writing a report due to academic purposes, I carried out an internship in the
premises of DANGOTE CEMENT CAMEROON S.A more precisely the IT department. as a
large company with many departments, they happen to many challenges in other to satisfy the
demand of their customers and the service rendered. Amongst many others, i have been called
to help out the weight bridge department which faces problems of queue in the parking
management of lorries, trucks and vehicles coming into the industry. I am to come up with a
“queue management system” following judiciously the various steps required to pass through.
I.2 DEFINITION AND CLASSIFICATION OF MAIN CONCEPTS
In line with the DCC strategic goals and values more precisely that of excellence and ensuring
the company’s growth, developing a queue management system for the weigh bridge
department is going to enhance the management of trucks into the industries parking plant
area. In building this system we’ll use the FIFO concept, hence maximising productivity and
customer’s satisfaction.
I.3 THE PROBLEMATIC
Queue management operations are continuously increasing and diversifying in the world
today hence, it’s a vital element in the life of both a private and public institute. The queue
management operations have brought much technological stability and organisation in the
professional and business world.
However, queue management has never been an easy task .It often requires the dedicated
attention of a personnel to properly maintain performance and spot issues when they occur.
I.4 AIM OF STUDY
The researcher’s aim and objectives are;
 to implement a functional queue management system in the organisation.
 Enable a more practical training which helps the learner gain professional skills.
 The learner has also been able to get familiar to the professional field language.

I.5 THE ORGANISATION OF THE WORK

This piece of work is divided into four chapters which are;

 Chapter one, which is the presentation of the company and activities carried out
during the internship period.
 Chapter two, which is an overview or generalities on queue management system.
 Chapter three, which is a diagnosis of the existent system found on the field.

 Chapter four, which are the proposed solutions and implementations.

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PART 1: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

In this part will be looking at the first chapters;

 Chapter one which is about the presentation of the history and the creation of the
organisation, with the evolution with internship activities and the justification of the
chosen topic.
 Chapter two which is about the overview and the management of a queue management
system

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CHAPTER 1: PRESENTATION OF COMPANY AND

ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT DURING THE INTERNSHIP

SECTION 1 : PRESENTATION OF THE COMPANY

I.5.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW
Established in May 1981, DANGOTE GROUP has its operational headquarters in the
metropolis of Lagos, Nigeria in West Africa. DANGOTE GROUP is one of the most
diversified conglomerates in Africa with a hard-earned reputation for excellent business
practices and product quality. Since its inception, the Group has experienced phenomenal
growth due to the quality of its products and services, its focus on leadership and the
efficiency of its human-cost capital.
In cement, ALIKO DANGOTE Group CEO has built the first African multinational, with
plants in 14 African countries, including Cameroon.
DANGOTE CEMENT CAMEROON S.A (DCC) is a secondary sector company that
combines all the factors of production (capital and labour, etc.) with the aim of marketing
goods and services locally. It specialises in cement works, construction and equipment.
I.5.2 HISTORY AND EVOLUTION
The project to create and build a cement plant in Douala, Cameroon, was launched in 2013.
The plant opened and started production in March 2015 with the installation of a clinker mill
and an integrated plant under the supervision of founder ALIKO DANGOTE and in the
presence of Prime Minister PHILEMON YANG.
DANGOTE CEMENT CAMEROON S.A. is the country's third cement plant, which required
an investment of 80 billion CFA francs (compared with 50 billion CFA francs initially
planned), and which is operating at full capacity to deliver 1.5 million tonnes of cement
annually, compared with 1.4 million tonnes at the end of 2021, an increase compared with
2020. By early 2022, the multinational will therefore have a 34% share of the cement market
in Cameroon.
The company is helping to promote the country's economy by creating jobs and improving
Cameroon's economy in a responsible and sustainable way.
I.5.3 OUR VISION
To be a global leader in cement production, respected for the quality of our products and
services and for the way we conduct our business.
I.5.4 OUR MISSION
 To deliver strong returns to our shareholders by selling high-quality products at
affordable prices, backed by excellent customer service.
 To help Nigeria and other African countries towards self-reliance and self-sufficiency
in the production of the world’s most basic commodity, by establishing efficient
production facilities in strategic locations close to key growth markets.
 To provide economic benefits to local communities, by establishing efficient
production facilities in strategic locations close to key growth markets. To provide

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economic benefits to local communities by way of direct and indirect employment in

all countries in which we operate.
 To lead the way in areas such as governance, sustainability and environmental
conservation and to set a good example for other companies to follow.
I.5.5 Our Values
 Customer Service: As a world-class organisation, we understand that we exist to
serve and satisfy our customers. Accordingly, our customer orientation reflects
intimacy, integrity and learning.
 Entrepreneurship: We continuously seek and develop new business, employing
state-of-the-art methods to retain our market leadership.
 Excellence: We are a large organisation, working together to deliver the best products
and services to our valuable customers and stakeholders. To achieve this, we
demonstrate teamwork, respect and meritocracy.
 Leadership: We thrive on being leaders in our business, markets and communities. To
drive this, we focus on continuous improvement, partnership and professionalism.
I.5.6 PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
At Dangote Cement, we are committed to producing cement of dependable quality, so when
you buy our product, you are not just buying cement, you are also buying a promise of
strength.
I.5.7 ORGANISATIONS IDENTIFICATION SLIP
LOGO

ACRONYM DCC
FULL NAME DANGOTE CEMENT CAMEROON S.A
HEADQUARTER BASE ELF-PORT AUTONOME, DOUALA
COUNTRY MANAGER Mr. Bertrand MBOUCK
DATE OF CREATION MARCH 2015
CAPITAL 1.5Million $
P.O.BOX B.P 4839 Bonandjo-douala
TEL 00237 699 717 182
COMPANY NATURE Plc (private limited company)
EMAIL dangotecameroon@dangote.com
WEBSITE w.w.w. dangotecement.com

I.5.8 ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE OF DCC CAMEROON

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COUNTRY
MANAGER

PLANT
MANAGER

PRODUCTION PACKING PLANT

QUALITY HSE

JETTY STORE

CIVIL
MINES
ENGINEERING

HUMAN SALES AND INTERNAL PUBLIC

IT FINANCE PROCUREMENT LOGISTICS
RESOURCES MARKETING CONTROL RELATIONS

Figure 1:ORGANNIGRAME OF DCC

I.6 Partners: customers, suppliers

I.6.1 Customers
These are defined as all individuals or legal entities likely to purchase a good or service from
a company. As customers of the company, we have:
 Distributors: who are people with a licence to sell their products;
 Building and public works companies;
 Individuals;
I.6.2 Suppliers
As suppliers, we can cite:
DANGOTE CEMENT CAMEROON S.A. is a supplier and importer of its own raw material
(clinker, gypsum) needed to manufacture cement;
Packaging supplier;
I.7 Competitors
The company's main competitors are all companies whose main activity is the manufacture
and sale of cement in Cameroon:

➢ CIMENCAM (Cameroon cement works)

➢ CIMAF (African cement)

➢ MEDCEM Cameroon

➢ EGIN

➢ MIRA Company
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➢ ATLANTIC

I.8 Introduction to the IT department

The IT department is the department responsible for a company's IT assets. The role of the
people working in this department is to ensure network and data security, maintain computer
workstations and install software and updates.
I.8.1 Tasks
The IT department of Dangote Cement Cameroon S.A has the following missions:
 Ensure the interconnection between Cameroon and Nigeria;
 Plan, install and manage the network infrastructure, IT and audio-visual equipment
and institutional IT services required for management;
 Provide appropriate technical support to departments and services as well as to
members of staff. This support consists of: Planning, installing and maintaining IT
equipment;
 Participating in the support of IT equipment;
 Providing documentation on the hardware and software of the systems supported by
the department;
 Develop and disseminate IT regulations, policies, standards and guidelines and ensure
that they are applied;
 Monitor technological developments;
 Promote the sharing and integration of expertise and the development of the IT
knowledge and skills of the company's various personnel;
 To promote the sharing and integration of expertise and the development of IT
knowledge and skills among the company's various staff;
 To participate in the establishment of training strategies for staff relating to the
technologies used in the company;
I.8.2 Security
With a view to adequately protecting the services making up Dangote Cement Cameroon S. A
IT network, the IT department responds to security issues covering the following areas:
- Protection of sensitive data;
- Authentication
- User authorisation;
- Protection against attacks and malicious users.

I.9 General Security at DCC

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Type of security Implementation

Physical security  Presence of Spark Security agents 24
hours a day, 7 days a week.
 Automatic fire detection and
extinguishing system.

Software security  Use of firewalls;

 Use of authentication parameters
(login/password);
 Use of security certificates for web
applications;
 Use of network monitoring tools.
Infrastructure security  Use of fire extinguishers;
 Presence of cameras;
 Use of UPS;
 Use of generators.

I.10 ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT DURING THE INTERNSHIP PERIOD

During our internship period we carried out many activities mainly practical, in other to gain
more knowledge about the professional world. These activities are presented below:
PERIOD ACTIVITY PROBLEMS SOLUTIONS KNOWLEDGE
31ST-04thJuly
07th-11thJuly
14th-18thJuly
21ST-25thJuly
28thJuly-01stAug
04th-08thAugust
11th-15thAugust

I.11 CHOICE AND JUSTIFICATION OF THE RESEARCH TOPIC

During my internship at dcc, I noticed that a traditional method was used to keep track of
truck credentials who get into the factory to collect goods ordered by customer’s that’s the use
of DBMS precisely excel. this method is somehow poor and tedious because it causes data
redundancy.
This created a problem in organizing data and generating reports as the administration had to
take all their time in searching documents which were not actually present and tends to be
very tedious.
I therefore decided to go deep into studying “QUEUE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM” where
we obtained a solution which was a web Based application that could manage driver’s truck
credentials and generate monthly reports.

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CHAPTER 2: OVERVIEW OR GENERALITIES ON THE

TOPIC STUDIED
I.12INTRODUCTION
Queue management system is a system that enables trucks drivers being clients to DCC to
minimize the time they spent in the industry from packing to the leave for delivery with the
use of tickets and notification messages.
I.13SIGNIFICANCE OF QUEUE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

I.14 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF QUEUE MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM
I.14.1 ADVANTAGES

 FIFO method saves money and time in calculating the exact cost of the inventory
being sold because the cost will depend upon the most former cash flows of purchases
to be used first.
 It is a simple concept which is easy to understand. Even a layman can grab the idea
with little explanation. The managers with little to no accounting information would
be able to understand it easily.
 It is a fairly practical approach to use, as sometimes it becomes difficult to identify the
costs of the products sold at the point of sale and FIFO rectifies the matter.
 It is a widely used and accepted approach of valuation which increases its
comparability and consistency.

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 It makes manipulation of the income reported in financial statements difficult, as

under FIFO policy there remains no vagueness about the values to be used in cost of
sales figure of profit/loss statement.
 FIFO will show increased gross and net profits in times of increasing prices of goods.
Cost of sales = opening stock + Purchases – closing stock
This is because the “cost of sales” consists of figure of inventory and as first
inventories will have less cost than recent inventories during inflation, the profits
reported would be higher.
I.14.2 DISADVANTAGES

 One of the biggest disadvantages of FIFO approach of valuation for inventory/stock is

that in the times of inflation it results in higher profits, due to which higher “Tax
Liabilities” incur. It can result in increased cash out flows in relation to tax charges.
 FIFO may not be a suitable measure in times of “hyperinflation”. In such times there
exist no reasonable pattern of inflation and prices of goods could inflate drastically.
And in such cases the matching of most prior purchases with most recent sales would
not be appropriate and may pump up profits to present a distorted picture.
 FIFO will not be an appropriate measure if the materials/goods purchased have
fluctuating price patterns, because this can result in misstated profits for the same
period as different costs of same goods during that same period are recorded.
 FIFO pricing valuation method although easy to understand may get clumsy and
cumbersome to operate and extract the costs of goods, as substantial amount of data is
required thus resulting in clerical errors.
 Just like any other pricing technique, FIFO is based upon the rates of inflation. This
oversimplifies the calculation of the figure of costs because the costs may also absorb
the effects of many other different variables like supply and demand, transfer pricing,
foreign exchange movements (in case of overseas purchases) etc. and so inventory
valuation must be dependent upon all the relevant factors involved.
I.15BENEFITS/IMPORTANCE OF QUEUE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
 KEEP QUEUES ORGANISED
Disorganised queues can lead to customer frustration once in the waiting line
and in some instances can even completely put people off joining the queue. At
busy times, queues can often become longer than the queuing area and
interrupt people who aren’t ready to wait in line yet, causing yet more
annoyance.
 ENFORCE SAFER QUEUING
COVID-19 has enforced the need for queue management systems to be used
for customer safety. As well as potentially breaking government guidelines, by
having a queuing system that isn’t safe might discourage customers from
entering your store as it doesn’t give them the confidence, they need to enter.
 INCREASE CUSTOMER LOYALTY AND RETENTION RATES
Bad queuing situations can often lead to customers choosing not to return to a
store. In a world where we have so many other options if our expectations
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aren’t satisfied, such as visiting a competitor’s store or even going online,

ensuring we retain loyal customers is vital.
 IMPROVE STAFF EFFICIENCIES TO UP SALES AND PROFITABILITY
In peak queuing times, staff may find themselves trying to organise the queue
manually.
 OPTIMISE COSTS
Intelligent customer management systems allow you to truly understand your
customer flow. Solutions such as our Virtual Queue Management System have
the ability to provide you with insightful data to understand customer
affluence, behaviour patterns and distribution throughout your environment.
This data can be translated to create a strategic plan as to where you place your
staff throughout the day.
I.16Conclusion
In this chapter, we have covered a brief introduction to Queue management
system, its advantages as well as its disadvantages and benefits. Good
management offers better productivity and hence more progress towards
development. Seeing its demands and benefits, we highly recommend
businesses to use queue management software which will help the business to
achieve the target, reduce work, increase efficiency, eliminating error, and
monitoring the progress of business activities.

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PART 2 : EMPIRICAL STUDY

In this section will be looking at the last two chapters;

 Chapter three which is a diagnosis of the existent system found on the field and how to
remedy to it.

 Chapter four, which are the proposed solutions and implementations.

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CHAPTER 3: ANALYSIS AND DESIGN SOLUTIONS

Introduction
To offer an optimal solution, it was necessary to go through an analysis. The analysis phase is
the first critical phase in a software development project. Yet, many designers neglect this
part of the project and favour the production of source code. This code is in most cases
extremely long, fraught with errors or worse, unusable by the customer. This method called
"code and fix" does not respect the principles of software engineering and cannot be used to
build a reliable product. So, in this chapter I will talk on the methodology used to develop this
project.
SECTION 1: DIAGNOSIS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM

A management system is a set of policies, processes and procedures used by an organization

to ensure that it can fulfil the tasks required to achieve its objectives. These objectives can be
financial success, safe operation, time saving and product quality
Management software is software that is designed to streamline and automate
management processes in order to reduce the complexity of large projects and tasks, as well
as encourage or facilitate team cooperation, collaboration and proper project reporting.
Implementing management software in any business requires a period of adaptation
and development, as the software is trailed, learnt and manipulated to best suit the needs of
the business.
But what happens when a truck spends more than it’s required time in the packing
plant? or it fails to come at the required time for the delivery of cement bags by the factory?
Installing a computerised queue management system is a solution
I.16.1 FUNCTIONALITIES
I.16.2 LIMITATIONS

SECTION 2: DETAILED ANALYSIS OF THE PROPOSED SOLUTION

1. Planning phase: Also called requirement gathering phase is one of the most important and
fundamental stage in the development of a project. It consists of drafting a work plan and
carrying out detail feasibilities and preliminary studies about what is to be done by studying
the previous system and providing solutions.
In my case, (state present situation)

I gathered requirements using different techniques like the non-structured interview,

observation and the internet research method.

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I.16.3 PROPOSED SOLUTIONS

In the new system, we participated in the solution of some challenges that the old system could
not have which are;
 A computerized system to manage attendance details which will :
- Eliminate Paper-based Processes.
- Less error prone attendance statistics.
- Provision of a centralized ecosystem to visualize and keep track of attendance details.
- Easy modification in the system such as the CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) system.
- Improve the productivity of an institution.

I.16.4 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (SDLC).

SDLC is a term used in information systems and software engineering. SDLC is step-by-step
method used in building a new system. It is also called a Software Development Process. It is
subdivided into the Planning, Analysis, Design, Coding (implementation), Testing,
Deployment and maintenance depending on the methodology used.

I.16.5 DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY.

In this project, I used the Agile Methodology. The agile model is an SDLC model used for
software development. The agile methodology is the combination of both iterative and
incremental process models. It focuses on process adaptability and customer satisfaction by
rapid delivery of working software product. Agile SDLC breaks down the product into small
incremental builds. These builds are provider into iterations. In my case, as a result of the
previous system, there was a need of clearly understand the needs of the managers and to
considerately increase their work efficiency. It is made up of 5 main phases Requirement
gathering and analysis: In this phrase, requirements are gathered from customers and check
by analyst whether requirements will fulfil or not. Analyst checks that need will achieve
within budget or not. After all of this, the software team goes to the next phrase

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REQUIREMENTS

TEST &
FEEDBACK ARCHITECTURE &
DESIGN

DEVELOPMENT
REQUIREMENTS

DESIGN &
TESTING IMPLEMENTATION
DEVELOPMENT
DESIGN &
TESTING IMPLEMENTATION
DEVELOPMENT
DESIGN &
TESTING IMPLEMENTATION
DEVELOPMENT

Figure 1: Agile SDLC model

Figure 2: Incremental model

Each iteration of agile SDLC consists of cross-functional teams working on various phases:
 Requirements gathering and analysis
In this phase, you must define the requirements. You should explain business opportunities
and plan the time and effort needed to build the project. Based on this information, you can
evaluate technical and economic feasibility.

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 Design the requirements

When you have identified the project, work with stakeholders to define requirements. You can
use the user flow diagram or the high-level UML diagram to show the work of new features
and show how it will apply to your existing system.
 Construction/ Iteration
When the team defines the requirements, the work begins. The designers and developers start
working on their project. The aims of designers and developers deploy the working product
within the estimated time. The product will go into various stages of improvement, so it
includes simple, minimal functionality.
 Deployment
In this phase, the team issues a product for the user's work environment.
 Testing
In this phase, the Quality Assurance team examine the product's performance and look for the
bug.
 Feedback
After releasing of the product, the last step is to feedback it. In this step, the team receives
feedback about the product and works through the feedback.
I.16.5.1 Reason for choosing an incremental Method
 It allows the development of high risks or major functions first
 Each release delivers and operational product
 Customer can respond to each build
 Uses “divide and conquer “breakdown of tasks
 Lowers initial delivery cost
 Initial product delivery is faster
 Customers get important functionalities earlier
 The risk of changing requirements is reduced
I.16.6 FUCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

The functional requirement for a system describes what the system ought to do. These
requirements rely on the sort of software being produced, the normal users of the software
.and the general methodology taken by the organization when composing requirements. The

Functional Requirements of this research work include:

 Issue tickets


I.16.7 NON-FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

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Non-functional requirements, are requirements that are not specifically concerned with the
functions conveyed by the system. They might identify with rising system properties, for
example, dependability, reaction time and storage capabilities. On the other hand, they might
characterize limitations on the system, for example, the abilities of I/O gadgets and the
information representation used as a part of system interfaces. Equipements for the Research
work include :
 Reliability: The most important factor to consider when choosing a web host is its
reliability. Ensure the hosting provider has a good uptime record, meaning that your
website will be available most of the time.
 Security: A good web host should also provide a secure platform for your website.
Look for features such as firewalls, SSL certificates, and other security measures to
protect your website from malicious attacks.
 Scalability: As your website grows, you may need more resources, such as storage,
bandwidth, and processing power. Look for a web host that can easily scale up or
down to meet your needs.
 Support: A good web host should also offer 24/7 customer support. This will ensure
that you can get help with any issues with your professional website.
 Cost: Last but not least, the cost is an important factor when selecting a web host.
Make sure to compare hosting plans and their features to find the most cost-effective
solution for your website.

I.16.8 Modelling language

The modelling language used to implement this web application was the Unified Modelling
Language which is a general-purpose, developmental, modelling language in the software
engineering field which intend to provide a standard way to visualize the design of a system.
We designed the system using the Use Case, Class, Sequence, Activity diagrams.
I.16.9 System design
This phase serves to set the stage and bound problems. It involves breaking down the system
into different pieces to analyse the situation, analysing the project goals, breaking down what
needs to be created and seeing how the system can be created without affecting the company
negatively;

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USE CASE ANALYSIS;

Use case analysis is a set of goal-oriented set of interactions between external users and the
system under construction or development. Thus, this scenario is a description illustrates, step
by step, how a user is to use a system, essentially capturing the system’s behaviour from the
user’s point of view.
In order to create relevant use cases for the system, the following actors for the system has
been identified;
 Guard
 Admin
 Customer
 Drivers

Actors, Use cases, And their description

ACTORS USE CASES DESCRIPTION

 Guard  Enter information The guard attendant collects
 Issue tickets the information required by
 Send notification the system, issues a ticket to
message the customer then sends a
 Print daily reports notification message to the
customer for collection
details(date/time.)

 Admin  Prints daily report

 Add car information
to system.
 Customer  Issues purchase order Issues purchase order to the
/issue receipt guard post and
 Provides car simultaneously provides the
information. car details for collection.

 Drivers  Parks in attributed

lane.

Table 3: Actors, Use cases and their descriptions

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Figure 3: Use case Diagram

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I.16.10 CLASS DIAGRAM

Class diagram is the main building block of object-oriented modelling. It is used for general
conceptual modelling of the structure of an application, and for detailed modelling thereby
translating the models into programming codes. Class diagrams are also used for data modelling.
This diagram shows the dependencies among classes in the UML (unified modelling language).
My system comprises of: guard, receipts, driver, customer, tickets.

Figure 4: Class Diagram

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I.16.11 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM.

A sequence diagram shows object interactions arranged in time sequence in the field of software
engineering. It depicts the object involved in the scenario and the sequence of messages
exchanged between the objects needed to carry out the functionality of the given scenario. The
purpose of the sequence diagram is to capture the behaviour of a system, describe the message
flow in the system, structural organization of objects and the interaction between objects.

Figure 5: Sequence Diagram

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Project phase Estimated
CHAPTER 4: time frames
1 Design phase 5 weeks
cost 40000-50000
2 Implementation 5 weeks
phase
cost 200000-
250000
3 Testing phase 5 weeks
cost 100000-
150000
4 Contingencies 50000
Total 500000

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

In order to bring forward an effective solution, thorough analysis had to be made. The
analysis phase is the first critical phase in software development. Therefore, in this chapter, I
will present a complete analysis of the system I have proposed, stating the methodology I will
use, requirement analysis, design and implementation of the system.
Analysis phase is where you breakdown the deliverables in the high-level project charter into
more detailed business requirements. It also deals with what the system should do.

I.17SECTION ONE: GENERAL PRESENTATION OF ANALYSIS METHOD.

PRODUCT NAME CHARACTERISTICS QUANTITY

Laptop PC (Lenovo 500GB SSD, 8,00 Go,11th 1
Ideapad 3) Gen Intel(R) Core (TM) i5-
1135G7 @ 2.40GHz 2.42
GHz.

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