HND Report Completed

UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF THE GULF OF GUINEA
HIGHER INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES

B.P. 12489 Douala-Cameroon Fax:(237) 233 42 89 02
Tel: (237) 233 43 04 52 / 233 37 50 60
Site-web: www.iug-univ.com
ACADEMIC INTERNSHIP REPORT
An Internship carried out from the 04th of JULY to the 26th of AUGUST 2022
at STARTECH in the Fulfillment for the award of the Higher National Diploma
WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY:
Student of Computer Engineering Year 2

UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF:
DEDICATION
i
ACKNOWLEGMENT
The accomplishment of this work required the assistance of some people.
Failing to quote them individually here, they receive my most sincere thanks. I
am particularly grateful to:
 Mr. CEDRIC DJAMBOU, President of IUG for the establishment of this
structure for the purpose of training students.
 Mr.DJOMO Requi , my academic supervisor, who have done an excellent
job with his task.
 Mr. FEUWO Christian, my professional supervisor for having given me
his attention throughout this period of internship, for his support, his trust,
his availability, his advices and his precious remarks.
 Mr. GUIKO Arséne, for granting me an internship in his company, and
also for his guide and advises during my internship.
 ALL MY Lecturers for the knowledge they instilled in me.
 MY lovely and SUPPORTIVE FAMILY for all their moral and financial
support especially for furthering my education.
 All my FRIENDS and CLASSMATES who contributed in one way or the
other to the realization of my project.
ii
ABSTRACT
Njangi is an important concept in saving money, particularly in Africa. Thus, it
plays an important role in our economies. It is mostly informal and this nature
gives rises to some drawbacks like delays or failures to meet up with njangi
contributions and mostly mismanagement of finances. Our system is to allow an
Administrator of the Njangi to handle efficiently and rapidly, the different
members information and their contributions in the Njangi. Most of the different
Njangi groups do not generate records of the different transactions that are
carried out. This past way of handling Njangi has a disadvantage as need may
arise for a member to know the different records so as to cater to the need of
transparency. For the reasons indicated, the company STAR TECH offers us its
project to create an effective web application for the Njangi management system.
This application help manage members contributions electronically and stores it
in a database. System design using Model, View and Controller (MVC)
architecture and implementation using PHP. JavaScript is added to the
application to improve system usability. MySQL used for the application
database. Different presentations of information can be obtained from the
system. The system test case revealed that the system fulfills it’s basic
functionalities and is ready to be used to manage members of the Njangi and
their contributions.
iii
RESUME
Le Njangi est un concept important pour la cotisation de fonds monetaires,
en particulier en Afrique. Ainsi, elle joue un role majeur dans nos economies.
Çest tontines sont pour la pluspart informeles et donc donne naissances à des
complications telleque les delai, ou manquement d’aquitation des contributions
et surtout la mauvaise gestions des finances. Le system intervient alors pour
pemetre à L’Administrateur de gerer les informations des membres et leurs
differentes contributions de manieres efficace et rappide. La pluspart des
tontines non pas de system pour générer des records des differentes transactions
effectué. Cette méthode archaique de gérer les tontines est désavantageuse car
un membre peut désirer connaitres ses records, pour des vues de tranparence.
Pour les raisons indiquées, l’entreprise STAR TECH nous propose comme
projet de réaliser une application Web efficace pour le système de gestion des
tontines. Cette application enregistre les differents informations des membres et
les stockent dans une base de données. La conception du système à l'aide de
l'architecture Modèle, Vue et Contrôleur (MVC) et mise en œuvre à l'aide de
PHP. JavaScript s'ajoute à l'application pour améliorer l'utilisation du système.
MySQL utilisé pour la base de données d'application. Le cas de test du système
a révélé que le système remplis ces fonctions basique et qu'il est prêt à être
utilisé pour gérer les differents membres de la tontine.
iv
PREFACE
Founded in 1993, the University Institute of the Gulf of Guinea is a group of
three higher education institutions based on the same campus in Bassa-Douala.
Specialized in fields as varied as Commerce and management, communication
and information, industry and new technologies, and paramedical training, its
offer allows students to adapt their course as they evolve.
IUG trains young professionals in the Technical, Medical and Business
environment. Since its creation in 1993, the advance school of management has
been striving to answer the urgent calls of economic operators in need of
foremen and management staff. With the launching of the HIGHER
NATIONAL DIPLOMA, the university Institute of the Gulf of Guinea is
becoming the first bilingual Higher Institution of learning in central Africa.
The Cameroon government has taken as duty to train and educate youths in
all fields of vocational training, in order to build up their professional skills. IT
IS IN THIS LIGHT THE ORDER NO 008/CAB/PR of 19/03/1993, brought
about the creation of private state university and higher professional institute
among which is ISTA (INSTITUT SUPÉRIEUR DESTECHNOLOGIES
AVANCÉES).
ISTA was created by the ministerial order No 05/0038 of the 12th January 2005.
It had as mission to employ good lecturers who are devoted and willing to train
students to obtain the higher national diploma (HND), after a two-year course.
Below are some of the professional trainings offered in IUG.
Computer Engineering, Accountancy, Banking and finance, Transport and
logistics, Electrical Power System, Telecommunication, Nursing.
v
LIST OF FIGURES
Figures 1 : Organization chart of StarTech Academy ......................................... 12
Figures 2 : Waterfall Model .................................................................................24
Figures 3 : Use case diagram of the administrator of the system ....................... 32
Figures 4 : Dashboard ..........................................................................................39
Figures 5 : Add member interface ....................................................................... 39
Figures 6 : Add member_type interface .............................................................. 40
Figures 7 : Add Hand interface ............................................................................40
Figures 8 : Add Hand_type interface ...................................................................41
Figures 9 : Add Hand_status interface ................................................................ 41
vi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
AJAX: Asynchronous JavaScript and XML
AMD: Advanced Micro Devices
CPU: Central Processing Unit
CSS: Cascading Style Sheet
DB: Data Base
DBMS: Database Management System
DDR4: Double Data Rate 4
GUI: Graphical User Interface
HTML: Hypertext Markup Language
IDE: Integrated Development Environment
ISTA: HIGHER INSTITUT OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
IUG: University Institute of The Gulf of Guinea
JS: JavaScript
PDF: Portable Document Format
PHP: Personal Home Page Hypertext Preprocessor
SDK: Software Development Kit
SDLC: System Development Life Cycle
SQL: Structured query Language
SSD: Solid State Drive
TXT: Text
UML: Unified Modelling Language
WAMPP: Windows Apache MySQL PHP Perl
XML: Extensible Markup Language
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DEDICATION ........................................................................................................................i
ACKNOWLEGMENT .............................................................................................................ii
ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... iii
RESUME ............................................................................................................................ iv
PREFACE .............................................................................................................................v
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................... vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................viii
GENERAL INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1
THE PROBLEM STATEMENT ...................................................................................................... 2
AIM OF THE STUDY AND OBJECTIVES ....................................................................................... 2
RESEARCH QUESTIONS: ........................................................................................................... 3
SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY: ......................................................................................................... 4
STRUCTURE OF THE WORK IN PARTS ........................................................................................ 4
CHAPTER ONE .................................................................................................................... 6
GENERAL PRESENTATION OF THE COMPANY .......................................................................6
SECTION ONE: CREATION AND EVOLUTION OF THE COMPANY .................................................. 6
1.1.1 CREATION OF THE COMPANY ...............................................................................................................6
1.1.2 EVOLUTION OF THE COMPANY ............................................................................................................7
SECTION 2: ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION ........................................................................... 8
viii
1.2.1 ORGANIZATION ................................................................................................................................... 8
1.2.2 FUNCTIONING ....................................................................................................................................10
................................................................................................................. 14
COURSE OF THE INTERNSHIP ............................................................................................ 14
SECTION 1: PRESENTATION OF SERVICE OF RECEPTION ........................................................... 14
SECTION 2: ACTIVITIES OF THE TRAINING COURSE .................................................................. 15
Part 1: Chronological program of activities and effectiveness ................................................................... 15
Part 2: justification of the internship report topic (mission) ...................................................................... 20
CHAPTER THREE ............................................................................................................... 23
PRACTICAL PHASE ............................................................................................................ 23
SECTION ONE: PROJECT MANAGEMENT ................................................................................. 23
3.1.1 Project development approach ......................................................................................................... 23
3.1.2 SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE MODEL OF THE NJANGI MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (Waterfall
Model) .........................................................................................................................................................25
SECTION TWO: TOOLS USED AND RESULT OBTAINED ...............................................................38
PART 1: TOOLS USED ...................................................................................................................................38
PART 2: RESULT OBTAINED ..........................................................................................................................39
CHAPTER 4 ....................................................................................................................... 42
DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED AND SUGGESTIONS ............................................................. 42
SECTION 1: DIFFICULTIES ENCOUTERED .................................................................................. 42
SECTION 2: SUGGESTIONS ......................................................................................................42
ix
GENERAL CONCLUSION .................................................................................................... 44
REFERENCES .....................................................................................................................45
x
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
This report is a short description of our two-months internship carried out as
compulsory component of the HND examination. The internship was carried out
at ENVOL from the 1st. of July to the 31st of August 2022.
Njangi Management System is a software developed for daily, weekly,
monthly or Annual handling of information of the Njangi by the admin. In the
system, members contributions shall be referred as Hands. Futhermore, the
system facilitates in accessing member information in a Njangi and generating
records. This system will also help in creating and managing Hands owned by
members in the Njangi as well as introducing new types of both Hands and
Members. The main purpose for this academic internship was for us to learn
how to apply our academic skills acquired to the professional world. In addition
to that, we had to learn new things that was very Important for us to know and
was not taught in school. We will be introducing the project and research. We
will further look at the necessity of this study, research objectives, questions and
significance. Last but not the least, this report gives the detailed description of
the Njangi management system.
WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY KAMENI TAKAM HEUKAM ALLAN JONATHAN

THE PROBLEM STATEMENT
Njangi as one of the pillar of African development and great source of
income for the monetary promotion of our economy has always been a popular
concept. From little family contributions to ambitious startups or ventures,
Njangi provides a source of income to all. It might seem easy to implement and
quite simple to manage. Surprisingly, it is but this simplicity can lead to some
constraints. These constraints are expressed in the managing of members
information and their different contributions in the Njangi, as it is mostly
informal and lack proper structure.
Young and promising programmers or entrepreneurs wishing to start a business
or gain funds for an ongoing certificate or training, could wish to enter a Njangi.
The use of an outdated and rather error-prone Njangi implementation may seem
a major turn-down. The question then lies, how can we encourage more people
to engage in a Njangi and overall implement a faster and more efficient system?
AIM OF THE STUDY AND OBJECTIVES

The purpose of developing Njangi management system is to computerized the
traditional way of managing members information.
The objective to create a Njangi management system is to perform the following
tasks:
 To display the list of members of the Njangi.
 To facilitate handling of members information for short-term and

long-term planning of the Njangi.
 To enable retrieval of information whenever needed from the system

 To also reduce human error
 To maintain a digitalize record of Members and their Hands
RESEARCH QUESTIONS:
 How can we free information from human error making?
 How can we implement a computerized system of recording and handling
member information, or avoid manual or traditional recording of these
members information?
 How can we improve the management system of members?
 How can we avoid time consumption made during data recording?

SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY:
1. The research will enable the different members of Njangi gatherings to be
aware of the problem of manual record keeping and any improvement
made by computerized record keeping in order to find appropriate steps
in addressing them.
2. To understand the importance of a good management of the Njangi
system.
3. It will help promote more individuals into joining Njangi and encourage
the spirit of saving money.
STRUCTURE OF THE WORK IN PARTS

This work has two parts with two chapters each, details are as follows:
 Chapter one is the general presentation of the enterprise that is; Historical
background, products and services, organizational structure, functions of
departments and geographical location.
 Chapter two will present an introduction to the literature review, the
theoretical review and internship activities.
 Chapter three deals with the presentation of methodology of research.
That is a recall of the objectives, resources of data, definition of terms,
methods of data collection, methods of data analysis and the result
obtained.
 Chapter four finally will give a summary of the problems encountered
during the research, recommendations to them and a final conclusion of
the research.

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CHAPTER ONE
GENERAL PRESENTATION OF THE COMPANY
Chapter one is made up of two sections, section 1 and section 2. Section 1
talks about how STARTECH was created as well as it’s organization, and its
basic aspects and section two talks about the external environment which
include competitors, suppliers.
The StarTech academy is a limited liability company specializing in the
provision of services and training in the field of ICT. The company has been
operating in Cameroon for almost four years already and is registered in the
trade register with the number: RC / DLA / 2021 / B / 3445.
SECTION ONE: CREATION AND EVOLUTION OF THE

COMPANY
1.1.1 CREATION OF THE COMPANY
Following a clear observation which is that of the glaring unemployment
of young graduates, the company has decided to contribute in its own way to
reduce the phenomenon which is constantly growing. In fact, we realized
that the majority of students go to school with the sole objective of obtaining
their diploma at the end of the year. This and these do not give any
importance with regard to the acquisition of practical know-how. This is why
we find more and more in our environment people who claim to be engineers
and yet they are unable to produce scientific work up to the skills they are
supposed to have. This is why, as a corporate citizen, the StarTech

Academy's mission is to support these young learners with a view to initially
enabling them to acquire a practical skill thanks to the training sessions that
we provide. organize and then integrate our various projects in progress.
1.1.2 EVOLUTION OF THE COMPANY
The StarTech Academy since its creation until today has stood out thanks to
a number of achievements among which we can mention among others:
 School management software: Phoenix Shoomann functional in 05
schools only in the city of Douala.
 Commercial management software: LOGESCO functional in two shops
in the city of Douala.
 Pharmacy management software: PHARMA-SOFT functional in
pharmacies in Yaoundé and Ebolowa.
 A tontine management software: functional LOGIT in a meeting group in
the quarry district in Douala.
 A mobile application for the sale and exchange of articles: BiZi available
on the stores (APP store and Play store).
 A mobile application for learning to cook: Gooo available on the stores
(APP store and Play store).
Besides computer programming, we also excel in network security and
administration, computer maintenance, home automation and even
renewable energies. In a very short time, we expect to really establish
ourselves in the software market with the creation of a whole specific
department for the development of “Made in Cameroon” applications.

SECTION 2: ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION
1.2.1 ORGANIZATION
The organizational structure of StarTech Academy includes five (5) main
departments namely:
 StarTech Software
 StarTech Network
 StarTech Computer
 StarTech Energy
 StarTech Academy (General Manager)
 StarTech Software
The “StarTech Software” department is responsible for producing
applications for any type of environment. The applications in question can
be:
 Mobiles: These are applications running on Android & IOS
terminals.
 Web: Web applications are those running through a browser by means
of web pages. Websites also fall into this category.
 Desktop: Desktop applications are those that can be installed on a
computer.
 Home automation: Home automation applications make it possible
to control the electronic systems that we design.
This department is also responsible for designing and administering
databases (SQL, NoSQL).

 StarTech Network
The main role of this department is to design the network architecture for
companies. These main missions among others are:
 Design custom network architectures for companies.
 Perform the installation and maintenance of corporate networks.
 Implementation of network services (Telephony, Mail, Internet, etc.).
 Network administration (Windows, Linux, Cisco…).
 Installation of video surveillance and access control systems.
 Audit of security systems.
 StarTech Computer
Through this department, we offer maintenance services for computer
equipment. Our services are:
 Hardware maintenance: troubleshooting, assembly and disassembly

of computer equipment.
 Software maintenance: Installation and updating of operating systems,

management of computer parks, etc.
 StarTech Energy
Revolutionary department which mainly works in the field of renewable

energies. The main missions are:
 Electrical network installation thanks to solar panels.
 Maintenance and supervision of the electrical network.

 StarTech Academy
The academy responsible for carrying out training is managed by the general
management of the company. The academy's missions are:
 Offer practical and innovative training in the fields of ICT
 Identify the best learners and integrate them into our various projects.
 Support project leaders who need our expertise.
1.2.2 FUNCTIONING
The company regularly organizes training sessions and practical workshops
with the aim of helping all people (students or not) to acquire real knowledge
and skills. We also offer vacation internships for students to allow those to
experience the realities of the business world. It should be noted that at the end
of our various training sessions we integrate the best students into our various
projects in progress.
The StarTech Academy with the aim of always satisfying customers, works
daily around the objectives and values that it has set for itself.
 Goals and values
 Goals
Training-Research-Innovation is our motto and to be able to honour it, the
company has set itself the following objectives:
 Satisfy customers in general businesses by offering a quality
service respecting International standard.
10

 Respect of delivery deadlines accompanied by an efficient
after-sales service to ensure customer satisfaction
 Provide innovative solutions to the ills that plague our society.
 Offer quality training to our different learners.
 Continuously monitor technology.
 Values
 Quality: The StarTech Academy places a lot of emphasis on product
quality and service efficiency. This quality of products and services
requires respect for procedures, but also the quality of the people: you,
your skills and your creativity.
 Creativity: StarTech Academy considers the creative act to be the
very essence of its existence. Thanks to your enthusiasm, your
inspiration and your deep emotions, the company believes you are
capable of transforming information into real development strategies.
 Team spirit: thanks to participatory management and thanks to the
team spirit, the company wants everyone to contribute to achieving
their vision. It is the effort of each at his level that will allow the
development of the company.
 Integrity: this is one of the essential human qualities in the
professional life of StarTech Academy. More than a simple image,
integrity brings the confidence of peers and the hierarchy, but also it
gives the company a solid reputation.
11

 Organizational chart
Figures 1: Organization chart of StarTech Academy
 General management: It develops general managerial policy, defines
short, medium and long-term objectives and coordinates all of the
company's activities.
 Technical direction: the technical direction is at the centre of the
operation of the company. This is where all projects are thought out,
12

planned and carried out. it contains all the main departments of the
company and obviously works under the watchful eye of senior
management.
 Sales Department: It defines the sales and marketing policy for products
and services, takes care of the permanent search for new customers and
also ensures the effectiveness of the after-sales service.
 Academy StarTech: its mission is to offer innovative training in
different fields of N.
13

COURSE OF THE INTERNSHIP
This chapter is made up of two sections. Section 1 which gives a Brief
summary on the reception and Section 2 which gives a Brief summary of the
internship activities carried out by the intern during his internship and
justification of topic studied.
SECTION 1: PRESENTATION OF SERVICE OF RECEPTION

On the first day of internship, we were pleasantly received by the members of
the staff and they further introduced themselves by stating their names, years of
experience in the field, projects done and projects still in completion. Also, we
were asked to introduce our self by stating our names, school, years of
experience in the field, projects completed (if any) or projects still in process.
Again, we were asked the reason for choosing to do internship here and the
objectives to accomplish after doing internship there.
Furthermore, after the general introduction of both the interns and the
members of the staff, we later met with our respective professional supervisor.
We were given a quiz to evaluate and test our competency. A structure was laid
out on how the program would look like throughout the internship period.
14

Difficulties
Period Activities Results Solutions
Encountered
Introduction and The presentation when
presentation of interns well and each and
and staff members. every one presented
him or herself.
WEEK 1
Notion of HTML, CSS HTML, CSS and Working with Research on
12-07-2022
and JavaScript. JavaScript was clearly functions in the topic
To
understood. JavaScript
18-07-2022
Project 1: Creation of a We took less than two Time Design a
webpage with Html, days to finish the management study time
CSS and JavaScript. webpage with notions table
acquired.
SECTION 2: ACTIVITIES OF THE TRAINING COURSE

This section is further divided into two parts which are: Chronological program
of activities and effectiveness and the justification of the topic.
Part 1: Chronological program of activities and effectiveness
This section provides the activities performed by the intern during his two
months of internship. This report is based mostly on the activities that were
carrying out during my internship period which ran from July to August 2021 at
StarTech Academy.
15

Correction of project 1 The correction when
and additional sub perfect but some had
projects. some difficulties with
JavaScript.
Project 2: Creation of Project 2 was realized
the Facebook homepage in 2 days and each and
with HTML, CSS and every one had
JavaScript from something to present.
Scratch.
Project 3: Recreation of The projects were not Was new in Had to revise
Facebook home page realized by all the using library of the previous
with the Notion of member or the interns code like that versions of
WEEK 2 framework like which were doing the of Bootstrap bootstrap and
19-07-2022 Bootstrap 4 and Latest same specialty with and was make use of
To Version. me but I did succeed. difficult to tutorials
26-07-2022 manipulate videos
class name
Project 4: Applying the Presentation of each
Bootstrap and member of the group
JavaScript on a successfully took
webpage of our choice. place and both the
directors and prof.
supervisors of each
intern came.
16

Project 5: Creation of Each and every one
Administrator presented his or her
Dashboard with his design admin
various functions of dashboard to the
WEEK 3 different components. supervisor.
26-07-2022
To Project 6: Creation of Each and every one
01-08-2022 Registration form with presented his or her
HTML CSS and design admin
JavaScript and dashboard to the
Bootstrap 4.0 supervisor.
Introduction to Since it was new, we To distinguish Research
back-end Web had difficulties in between a made
Development with PHP understanding it the programming
and MySQL. first day but when language use
WEEK 4 smooth the following in server side
02-08-2022 days.
To With the use of the All our project made
08-08-2022 notion of PHP and from Week 1 to Week
MySQL, creation of a 4 was updated by
back-end with all the adding a backend code
project done on Week1, to it even if it was just
Week 2 and Week 3 to print out an output.
17

respectively.
Project 5: User Input The project when all
verification and well and each and
Validation phase every one had an idea
on how to implement
the verification and
validation phase
during form
submission.
Supervisor propose
some projects for
those who were in

Introduction to our
need and concerning
various HND project
WEEK 5 those whom already
& had an HND project,
WEEK 6 they detailly explained
09-08-2022 the project to them.
To Requirement Analysis The task was
22-08-2022 and Feasibility Study successfully complete
by each intern.
System Analysis and Basic knowledge was
System design acquired but still was
theoretically.
18

Designing of Entity Blueprints of the ER
Relational Diagram and diagrams and UML
Implementation of the diagrams of each
Database for the project intern’s project was
drowned and
supervised by our
supervisor.
Practical on HTML Every intern started
CSS and JavaScript on implementing their
Real life projects and projects with the

WEEK 7
previous projects necessary language
23-08-2022
acquired during the
To
ongoing of the
30-08-2022
internship.
Practical When well
End of PHP We had good
knowledge on how to
WEEK 8
submit a form, interact
01-09-2022
with the relational
To
database by
04-09-2022
performing the CRUD
operations.
19

Beginning of the We knew how to
creation of web locally host our
application with all websites and web
those notions application and same
thing goes for online
hosting.
Introduction to other Got ideas about what
front-end frameworks frameworks is all
like React, Angular and about.
VueJS
Introduction to other Got ideas about what
Backend framework frameworks is all
like NodeJS and about
Laravel
Table : Internship activities carried out in the company
Part 2: justification of the internship report topic (mission)
A Njangi management system provides information on the member data for a
particular day of a particular month of a particular year. It is efficient in the fact
tha it brings in a more reliable way of storing member information. Now, with
this Njangi management system, it is easy to track down a members information,
the date registered and the type of hand they have in the Njangi and update them
if needed. Furthermore, this Njangi management system encourages savings
20

among classmates, friends, relatives and coworkers. To conclude, this system
facilitates the economic growth of our country by serving as a catalyst for the
rate at which Cameroonians engage in Njangi groups.
21

22

CHAPTER THREE
PRACTICAL PHASE
This chapter is made up of two sections. Section 1 which gives a Brief
summary on the project management (job placement) of the Njangi
management system including UML diagrams and Section 2 which gives the
result obtained.
SECTION ONE: PROJECT MANAGEMENT

3.1.1 Project development approach
3.1.1.1 Software Process Model
To solve actual problems in an industry, software developer or a team of
developers must incorporate a development strategy that encompasses the
process, methods and tools layers and generic phases. This strategy is often
referred to as process model or a software developing paradigm. A process
model for software developing is chosen based on the nature of project and
application, the methods and tools to be used, and the controls and deliverables
that are required. All software development can be characterized as a
problem-solving loop in which four distinct stages are encountered: Status,
Problem definition, technical development and solution integration. Regardless
of the process model that is chosen for a software project all of the stages
coexist simultaneously at some level of detail.
This project follows the waterfall model which is made up of the following
steps: Requirement definition, System analysis, System design, Implementation,
Integration and System Testing, Operation and maintenance.
23

Figures 2: Waterfall Model
24

Source: different members of existing Njangi meetings
3.1.2 SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE MODEL OF THE
NJANGI MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (Waterfall Model)
3.1.2.1 Requirement Analysis and Feasibility study
User Characteristics
This system will be use by 2 users which are Administrators and Members.
As all of these have different requirements the modules are designed to meet
their needs and avoid any type of confusion. The Uses of all 2 User Modules
have been described below.
System users can perform the following functions in the system:
 Administrator
o Create, update, delete new members, member_type,
hand_status.
o Display list of all members present in the system.
System Requirement
1. Hardware:
a. Pentium IV
b. 1GB RAM
c. 2GB hard drive space
2. Software:
a. Operating system: Windows 7, 8, 10, 11 or later version.
b. Front-end: HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Bootstrap 4 and 5, tcpdf.
25

c. Back-end: PHP and MySQL, Apache Server.
External Requirements:
i. Ethical Requirements:
Product Software should be negotiated with human Ethics and it is wished
that the software should be used with Ethical requirements. Any non-ethical
use of this software is not recommended as it will be at the user’s own risk.
ii. Legislative Requirements:
 Privacy Requirements:
Privacy of any particular things and strategy will be served based on
prior negotiation and it should be clearly purposed for that
requirement.
 Safety Requirements:
Safety will be provided based on the requirement of the
members and necessary critical points.
3.1.2.2 System Analysis
 STUDY AND WEAKNESS OF THE CURRENT SYSTEM
 Current System
In the present system there is no structured way of handling information.
The members information as well as their contributions are not stored due
to it’s informal nature. Hence, we are not able to get members information
when need be and take necessary action on members records whenever we
want because of lack of reliable storage facilities.
 Weakness of the current system
26

1. Not User Friendly:
The existing system is not user friendly because the retrieval of data is
nonexistent.
2. Difficulty In Record generating:
There is no way to record members information.
3. Prone To Theft:
Due to lack of structured way of storing information, there is the
tendency of a member not respecting his/her engagement to the njangi as
the is lack of prove to as which kind of contribution they have.
4. Lots Of Mismanagement:
There is a lot of mismanagement in the present system.
 REQUIREMENTS OF THE NEW SYSTEM
1. User Requirement
The User requirements for the new system are to make the system fast,
flexible, less prone to errors and reduce expenses and save time.
 Time can be saved when adding or updating a member’s information
or contribution.
 A facility that can generate member records as per required without
manual interference for providing how a task is to be done instead
only asking what is to be done.
 The system should prove efficient in implementing a computerized
way of managing members information in the Njangi.
27

 The New system should be more secure in managing Members
records and reliable enough to be used in any condition.
 Finally, it should prove cost effective as compared to the current
system.
2. FEASIBILITY STUDY
A key part of the preliminary investigation that reviews anticipated costs
and benefits and recommends a course of action based on operational,
technical, economic, and time factors. The purpose of the study is to
determine if the systems request should proceed further.
 Economically Feasibility:
The system being developed is economic with respect to Business or point
of view. It is cost effective in the sense that it has bring in a means to manage
members records completely. The system is also time effective because the
time needed to go through each members information at the end of the week
or month has greatly been shortened as per requirement. The result obtained
contains minimum errors and are highly accurate as the data is required.
 Technical feasibility:
The technical requirement for the system is economic and it does not use any
other additional Hardware and software.
 Behavioral Feasibility:
28

The system working is quite easy to use and learn due to its simple but
attractive interface. user requires no special training for operating the system.
d. Features of the new system

The new system has been designed as per the user requirements so as to fulfill
almost all them.
 User Friendly:
The proposed system is user friendly because the retrieval and storing
of data is fast and data is maintained efficiently. Moreover, the graphical
user interface is provided in the proposed system, which provides user to
deal with the system very easily.
 Records are easily generated:
Records can be easily generated in the proposed system so user can
generate the record as per the requirement (daily, weekly or monthly) or
in the middle of the meeting.
 Very less paper work:
The proposed system requires very less paper work. All the data is
feted into the computer immediately and records can be generated
through computers. Moreover, work becomes very easy because there is
no need to keep data on papers.
29

 Computer operator control:
Computer operator control will be there so no chance of errors.
Moreover, storing and retrieving of information is easy. So, work can be
done speedily and in time.
3.1.2.3 SYSTEM DESIGN
Using UML Over MERISE for the development of the system
i. What is UML?
According to Booch (2003), UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a
general-purpose Visual language that is used to specify, visualize,
construct, and document the artifacts of a software system.
It allows the modeling of all the phenomena of the business activity
(business process, information system, computer system, software
components, etc..) independently of the implemented techniques. A
model is an abstraction of reality, it allows:
 To facilitate the understanding of the studied system (that is to say, it

reduces the complexity of the system studied);
 To simulate the system studied. As a result, as part of the modeling of

the information system, we will have to determine which approach to
use for our modeling.
30

3. UML DIAGRAMS
i. Use Case Diagram
Actors and use cases

Actors are external entities that interact with the system. Examples of
actors include a user role (e.g., a system administrator, a bank
customer, a bank teller) or another system (e.g., a central database, a
fabrication line). Actors have unique names and descriptions.
Use cases describe the behavior of the system as seen from an
actor’s point of view. Behavior described by use cases is also
called external behavior. A use Case describes a function
provided by the system as a set of events that yields a visible
result for the actors. Actors initiate a use case to access system
functionality. The use case can then initiate other use cases and
gather more information from the actors. When actors and use
cases exchange information, they are said to communicate.
31

Source: Student interns
Figures 3 : Use case diagram of the administrator of the system
Source: Student interns
32

ii. Sequence diagram
Figures 4 : Sequence diagram for member management
33

iii. Class diagram
Figures 5 : Class diagram of the system
3.1.2.3 TESTING
The testing phase is an incredibly important part of app or website
development. The problem is that the chance of a bug appearing increases with
every line of code and the costs of bug fixing rise with the time. However, with
34

a proper website testing, none of that has to happen. So, if the application
testing runs smoothly, the app or website is ready to be deployed
Web Testing Basic Steps:
Step 1: Functionality Testing
First step of the testing phase is to make sure that the web application is
functionally correct. Functionality testing checks the database connection, all
links in the web pages, cookies, forms used for submitting and/or getting info
from the user etc. It should be done early in the developing stages to speed up
the whole app-building process and it reduces risks toward the end of the cycle.
It boils down to performing a set of tasks that can be performed both
automatically with the use of a software program or manually with a human
tester.
Step 2: Usability Testing
When thinking about how to test a website, the second step should be
usability testing. This type of testing combines the previously mentioned
functionality testing with the overall user experience. Usability testing can be
done by getting external testers that simulate your expected user base, or
internally by the developers themselves. If you want to perform external testing
but don’t know where to find suitable testers, apps like Apple’s TestFlight might
help you.
Step 3: Interface Testing
35

This web page test checks whether or not all interaction between the app
server and the web server run smoothly. Not only the communication process
needs to be tested, but the displaying of error messages as well. Also, this test is
used to determine whether the interruptions by the server and/or by the user are
handled properly.
Step 4: Compatibility Testing
In the era of portable devices and all kinds of screens, compatibility testing is
important to ensure that your web app displays as it should on all device types.
The developers need to run the browser compatibility test to check if the app is
displayed correctly in different browsers. Another test to run is the mobile
browser compatibility which, as the name suggests, is supposed to confirm that
the app displays correctly across mobile browsers. Different popular browsers
include Chrome, Internet Explorer, Safari, Firefox etc.
Step 5: Performance Testing
Once you know your site is functional and responsive, you need to check its
performance under a heavy load. Performance testing includes testing under
different internet speeds as well as under normal and peak loads. Even in a
wider context it might be a good idea to test your overall web server
performance on a basic level, through a website speed automated test, as page
speed influences user experience a lot, and affects your public website’s SEO.
36

Step 6: Security Testing
Once the web application is developed, it has to be tested for security. This
type of testing includes all kinds of processes to determine the app’s weak
points and improve them as much as possible. Normally, a serious of fabricated
malicious attacks are used to test how the app responds and performs under
these circumstances. If security shortfalls are detected, it is important to find the
best way possible to overcome them. Understanding the security goals and
planning the test by considering the security needs of each of them. Identifying
and listing all potential threats and vulnerabilities Preparing the threat profile
based on the listed vulnerabilities and risks Preparing the test plan Automated
testing on top of the manual testing Preparing the Security tests case document
Carrying out the Security test cases execution, fixing identified defects,
retesting Creating a detailed report on the security testing, including the solved
issues and the risks that still persist
37

SECTION TWO: TOOLS USED AND RESULT OBTAINED
In this section, we will talk about the reasons for the choice of tool
PART 1: TOOLS USED
I. Visual Studio Code
 It is free and open source.
 It has an industrial level of development environment
 It supports many other languages
 Visual studio Code tools has a lot of plugins which are quickly updated
with the latest technology that can be integrated into existing code.
II. MYSQL
 High speed. Using the SQL queries, the user can quickly and efficiently
retrieve a large number of records from a database.
 Free
 Portability
 Multiple data view
 XAMPP/WAMP Server
III. TCPDF
 It is free and open source
 Used for generating PDF documents
38

PART 2: RESULT OBTAINED
Figures 4: Dashboard
Figures 5: Add member interface
Figures 6: Add member_type interface
39

Figures 7: Add Hand interface
Figures 8: Add Hand_type interface
40

Figures 9: Add Hand_status interface
41

CHAPTER 4
DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED AND
SUGGESTIONS
This chapter is made up of two sections. Section 1 which gives the difficulties
encounter on the building of the project and Section 2 which gives the
suggestion.
SECTION 1: DIFFICULTIES ENCOUTERED

 Lack of clear understanding of object-oriented concepts in PHP and
JavaScript.
 Lack of clear understanding of the purpose and scopes of Njangi groups.
 Problem of internet connection to access resources available online.
 Inadequate capital for transport during internship period.
 Problem of testing the application on different devices.
 Problem to install application on different operating system like Mac-OS
X.
SECTION 2: SUGGESTIONS
For further studies, the system will be composed of the following functionality
 A finger print authentication for users of the system.
42

 A mobile application for each members to access the system and view
their contributions and personal information.
 The implementation of more admins to the system.
 Last but not the least, a two-factor authentication for forget password.
43

GENERAL CONCLUSION
The objectives of this project were to develop a Njangi management
system which will facilitates the recording of member information of a
particular day, weak or month of a year. This involve designing a user interface
and a database to collectively collect and store all members and contributions
present in a given Njangi. This system is to replace the traditional way of
handling Njangi meetings and storing information which was highly insecure.
This website is divided in two main parts, the FRONT-END and the
BACK-END. The front-end is made up of HTML, CSS and JAVASCRIPT,
using frameworks like BOOTSTRAP and JQUERY and TCPDF. The web
structure and the mark-up are handled by HTML and the styling is done with
CSS and BOOTSTRAP. The back-end handled with pure PHP and SQL and
stored in MARIADB database. Bringing this system to working was of great
use to the company. My internship at STARTECH was an overall good
experience. I learned many things about the professional and how to deal with
real client’s projects. As software engineers it is important to understand and
then see the real world and how our software impact an organization to solve
the problem of time and space complexity.
44

REFERENCES
https:////www.w3schools.com/jquery/jquery_ajax_load.html 10-08-2022,
06:39pm
https:////www.w3schools.com/jquery/jquery_ref_ajax.html 15-10-2022,
08:30pm
https:////www.w3schools.com/index.html 18-10-2022, 09:30pm
https:////www.w3schools.com/php/php_echo_print.html 08-11-2022, 06:30pm
https:////www.w3schools.com/php/php_string.html 08-11-2022, 14:30pm
https:////www.w3schools.com/jquery/jquery_ajax_load.html 23-12-2022,
04:30pm
https://www.sourcecodester.com/ 27-12-2022, 06:35pm
https://devdocs.io/javascript/global_objects/array/@@iterator 27-03-2023,
09:40pm
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p22goYs2wns 02-02-2023, 07:36pm
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/13132/project-management-software
18-03-2022, 06:30pm
https://www.sourcecodester.com/ 10-02-2023, 06:35pm
https://dribbble.com/get-started#welcome 05-04-2023, 06:30pm
45

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UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF THE GULF OF GUINEA

HIGHER INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES

ACADEMIC INTERNSHIP REPORT

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY:

Student of Computer Engineering Year 2

am particularly grateful to:

 Mr. CEDRIC DJAMBOU, President of IUG for the establishment of this

structure for the purpose of training students.

 Mr.DJOMO Requi , my academic supervisor, who have done an excellent

job with his task.

 Mr. FEUWO Christian, my professional supervisor for having given me

his availability, his advices and his precious remarks.

 Mr. GUIKO Arséne, for granting me an internship in his company, and

also for his guide and advises during my internship.

 ALL MY Lecturers for the knowledge they instilled in me.

support especially for furthering my education.

 All my FRIENDS and CLASSMATES who contributed in one way or the

other to the realization of my project.

contributions and mostly mismanagement of finances. Our system is to allow an

Administrator of the Njangi to handle efficiently and rapidly, the different

This application help manage members contributions electronically and stores it

in a database. System design using Model, View and Controller (MVC)

architecture and implementation using PHP. JavaScript is added to the

application to improve system usability. MySQL used for the application

database. Different presentations of information can be obtained from the

functionalities and is ready to be used to manage members of the Njangi and

complications telleque les delai, ou manquement d’aquitation des contributions

et surtout la mauvaise gestions des finances. Le system intervient alors pour

pemetre à L’Administrateur de gerer les informations des membres et leurs

differentes contributions de manieres efficace et rappide. La pluspart des

tontines. Cette application enregistre les differents informations des membres et

les stockent dans une base de données. La conception du système à l'aide de

l'architecture Modèle, Vue et Contrôleur (MVC) et mise en œuvre à l'aide de

PHP. JavaScript s'ajoute à l'application pour améliorer l'utilisation du système.

MySQL utilisé pour la base de données d'application. Le cas de test du système

utilisé pour gérer les differents membres de la tontine.

three higher education institutions based on the same campus in Bassa-Douala.

Specialized in fields as varied as Commerce and management, communication

offer allows students to adapt their course as they evolve.

IUG trains young professionals in the Technical, Medical and Business

been striving to answer the urgent calls of economic operators in need of

foremen and management staff. With the launching of the HIGHER

NATIONAL DIPLOMA, the university Institute of the Gulf of Guinea is

becoming the first bilingual Higher Institution of learning in central Africa.

all fields of vocational training, in order to build up their professional skills. IT

IS IN THIS LIGHT THE ORDER NO 008/CAB/PR of 19/03/1993, brought

among which is ISTA (INSTITUT SUPÉRIEUR DESTECHNOLOGIES

Below are some of the professional trainings offered in IUG.

Computer Engineering, Accountancy, Banking and finance, Transport and

logistics, Electrical Power System, Telecommunication, Nursing.

Figures 2 : Waterfall Model .................................................................................24

Figures 3 : Use case diagram of the administrator of the system ....................... 32

Figures 4 : Dashboard ..........................................................................................39

Figures 5 : Add member interface ....................................................................... 39

Figures 6 : Add member_type interface .............................................................. 40

Figures 7 : Add Hand interface ............................................................................40

Figures 8 : Add Hand_type interface ...................................................................41

Figures 9 : Add Hand_status interface ................................................................ 41

AMD: Advanced Micro Devices