Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 10 views

    Bishnu Hazra - Ece - Ec503-5th

    Uploaded by

    Dev
    1. Companding is a technique used in PCM systems to compress data at the transmitter and expand it at the receiver, reducing noise and crosstalk. 2. There are two main types of companding - A-law, used in telephone systems worldwide, and μ-law, used for speech and music signals in North America and Japan. 3. Companding works by using a non-linear characteristic curve to provide more quantization levels for weaker signals and less levels for stronger signals, improving signal quality overall.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Bishnu Hazra - Ece - Ec503-5th

    Uploaded by

    Dev
    10 views4 pages
    1. Companding is a technique used in PCM systems to compress data at the transmitter and expand it at the receiver, reducing noise and crosstalk. 2. There are two main types of companding - A-law, used in telephone systems worldwide, and μ-law, used for speech and music signals in North America and Japan. 3. Companding works by using a non-linear characteristic curve to provide more quantization levels for weaker signals and less levels for stronger signals, improving signal quality overall.

    Original Title

    BISHNU HAZRA _ECE_EC503-5TH

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    1. Companding is a technique used in PCM systems to compress data at the transmitter and expand it at the receiver, reducing noise and crosstalk. 2. There are two main types of companding - A-law, used in telephone systems worldwide, and μ-law, used for speech and music signals in North America and Japan. 3. Companding works by using a non-linear characteristic curve to provide more quantization levels for weaker signals and less levels for stronger signals, improving signal quality overall.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    10 views4 pages

    Bishnu Hazra - Ece - Ec503-5th

    Uploaded by

    Dev
    1. Companding is a technique used in PCM systems to compress data at the transmitter and expand it at the receiver, reducing noise and crosstalk. 2. There are two main types of companding - A-law, used in telephone systems worldwide, and μ-law, used for speech and music signals in North America and Japan. 3. Companding works by using a non-linear characteristic curve to provide more quantization levels for weaker signals and less levels for stronger signals, improving signal quality overall.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 4

    IMPS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

    Academic Year 2022 -23

    Department: ECE

    Name of Topic: COMPANDING

    Full Name: Bishnu Hazra

    Roll No : 17000322011 Sem:5th

    Subject (Code) : Digital Communication & Stochastic Proess ( EC503 )

    Date of Submission: 08/09/2023

    Student Sign: Professor Sign:


    Companding
    There are few modulation techniques which are followed to construct a PCM signal.
    These techniques like sampling, quantization, and companding help to create an
    effective PCM signal, which can exactly reproduce the original signal.

    Quantization
    The digitization of analog signals involves the rounding off of the values which are
    approximately equal to the analog values. The method of sampling chooses few
    points on the analog signal and then these points are joined to round off the value to
    a near stabilized value. Such a process is called as Quantization.
    The quantizing of an analog signal is done by discretizing the signal with a number of
    quantization levels. Quantization is representing the sampled values of the amplitude
    by a finite set of levels, which means converting a continuous-amplitude sample
    into a discrete-time signal.
    The following figure shows how an analog signal gets quantized. The blue line
    represents analog signal while the red one represents the quantized signal.

    Both sampling and quantization results in the loss of information. The quality of a
    Quantizer output depends upon the number of quantization levels used. The discrete
    amplitudes of the quantized output are called as representation levels
    or reconstruction levels. The spacing between two adjacent representation levels
    is called a quantum or step-size.
    Companding in PCM
    The word Companding is a combination of Compressing and Expanding, which
    means that it does both. This is a non-linear technique used in PCM which
    compresses the data at the transmitter and expands the same data at the receiver.
    The effects of noise and crosstalk are reduced by using this technique. The PCM
    System with companding is shown in Figure 1,

    Figure 1 PCM with


    Companding
    There are two types of Companding techniques.

    A-law Companding Technique

    • Uniform quantization is achieved at A = 1, where the characteristic curveis


    linear and there is no compression.
    • A-law has mid-rise at the origin. Hence, it contains a non-zero value.
    • A-law companding is used for PCM telephone systems.
    • A-law is used in many parts of the world.

    µ-law Companding Technique

    • Uniform quantization is achieved at µ = 0, where the characteristic curveis


    linear and there is no compression.
    • µ-law has mid-tread at the origin. Hence, it contains a zero value.
    • µ-law companding is used for speech and music signals.
    • µ-law is used in North America and Japan.
    Figure 2 Companding

    You might also like

    pFad - Phonifier reborn

    Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

    Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


    Alternative Proxies:

    Alternative Proxy

    pFad Proxy

    pFad v3 Proxy

    pFad v4 Proxy