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Hsslive-CS1 - Chap11 - Computer Networks

A computer network is a group of connected computers and devices that can share resources and communicate with each other. The document discusses the basic elements of computer networks including different types of transmission media like wired and wireless, common network devices, topologies, network classifications, protocols, and addresses. It provides examples of wired media like coaxial cable and optical fiber, wireless technologies like Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, network devices like switches and routers, topologies like bus and star, network types including LAN, MAN and WAN, protocols like TCP/IP and sub-protocols HTTP, FTP, and DNS.

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26 views

Hsslive-CS1 - Chap11 - Computer Networks

A computer network is a group of connected computers and devices that can share resources and communicate with each other. The document discusses the basic elements of computer networks including different types of transmission media like wired and wireless, common network devices, topologies, network classifications, protocols, and addresses. It provides examples of wired media like coaxial cable and optical fiber, wireless technologies like Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, network devices like switches and routers, topologies like bus and star, network types including LAN, MAN and WAN, protocols like TCP/IP and sub-protocols HTTP, FTP, and DNS.

Uploaded by

Liya Mariya Saji
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Science - XI

Chapter 11: Computer Networks


Computer network is a group of computers and other computing hardware devices.
Advantages: Resource sharing, Price-performance ratio, Communication, Reliability,
Scalability.
Data communication is the exchange of digital data between any two devices through a
medium of transmission.
Five basic elements of data communication system: Message, Sender, Receiver, Medium
and Protocol.
Communication channel or communication medium: The medium for data transmission
over a computer network.
Two types of communication media: Guided (wired) and unguided (wireless).
Guided media: physical wires or cables are used. Coaxial cable, twisted pair cable (Ethernet
cable) and optical fibre cable are examples.
Unguided media: Wireless medium is used. Radio waves, microwaves or infrared signals are
examples.
Bluetooth technology uses radio waves for short range communication between devices.
Cell phones, laptops, mouse, keyboard, tablets, headsets, cameras, etc.
Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidility) makes use of radio waves to transmit information across a network
like cell phones, televisions and radios.
Wi-MAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) uses radio waves to provide
high-speed wireless Internet access over very long distances (a whole city).
Satellite links use radio waves for long distance wireless communication systems.
Communication devices: NIC, Hub, Switch, Repeater, Bridge, Router, Gateway.
Network Interface Card (NIC): A device that enables a computer to connect to a network
and communicate.
Hub: A device used in a wired network to connect computers/devices of the same network.
Switch: An intelligent device that connects several computers to form a network.
Repeater: A device that regenerates incoming electrical, wireless or optical signals through a
communication medium
Bridge: A device used to split a network into different segments and interconnected.
Router: A device that can interconnect two networks of the same type using the same
protocol. It is more intelligent than bridge.
Gateway: A device that interconnects two different networks having different protocols.
Data Terminal Equipments: Modem, Multiplexer
Modem: It converts digital signals to analog signals and converts the analog signals back to
digital signals.
1 Joy John’s CS Capsule
Computer Science - XI

Multiplexer: It combines (multiplexes) the inputs from different sources and sends them
through different channels of a medium.
Topology: The way in which the nodes are physically interconnected to form a network.
Major topologies are bus, star, ring and mesh.

Bus Topology Star Topology Ring Topology

Types of network: PAN (Personal Area Network), LAN (Local Area Network), MAN
(Metropolitan Area Network) and WAN (Wide Area Network).

Logical Classification: Peer-to-peer and Client server


Peer-to-peer network: No dedicated servers. Here a number of computers are connected
together for the purpose of sharing information or devices.
Client-server: It consists of high-end computer (called server) serving lower configuration
machines called clients.
Protocol: The set of rules to be followed in a network for data transmission. TCP/IP, SPx/IPx
are examples. HTTP, FTP and DNS are three sub protocols of TCP/IP protocol suite.
HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol. It is a standard protocol for transferring
requests from client-side and to receive responses from the server-side.
FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol. It is a standard for exchanging of data and program
files across a network.
DNS stands for Domain Name System. DNS returns the IP address of the domain name, that
we type in our web browser’s address bar.
Media Access Control (MAC) address: A universally unique address (12 digit hexadecimal
number) assigned to each NIC (Network Interface Card) by its manufacturer.
IP address: A unique 4 part numeric address assigned to each node on a network, for their
unique identification.
URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator. URL is a formatted text string used by web
browsers to identify a network resource on the Internet. URL string can be divided into
three parts – Network protocol, Domain name, File name.

2 Joy John’s CS Capsule


Computer Science - XI
Questions from Previous Years’ Question Papers

1. Which one of the following transmission media carries information in the form of light
signals?
a) Coaxial cable b) Shielded twisted pair
c) Optical fibre cable d) Wi-Fi (1) (July 2017)
2. Internet is an example of _____.
a) MAN b) PAN c) WAN d) LAN (1) (July 2017)
3. Explain the advantages of forming networked computers than keeping them stand-
alone computers. (3) (July 2017)
4. a) Different networks with different protocols are connected by a device called …………
(i) Router (ii) Bridge (iii) Switch (iv) Gateway (1) (March 2017)
b) Define protocol. (1) (March 2017)
5. Compare any three types of networks based on span of geographical area.
(3) (March 2017)
6. Write notes on the following:
a) IP address b) MAC address c) Modem (3) (Sept. 2016)
7. Define network topology. Explain any four network topologies in detail.
(3) (Sept. 2016)
8. Identify the type of LAN topology in which there are more than one path between
nodes.
(a) Star (b) Ring (c) Mesh (d) Bus (1) (March 2016)
9. Any device which is directly connected to a network is generally known as _____.
(1) (March 2015)
10. In ……… topology all the nodes are connected to a main cable. (1) (Sept. 2015)
11. Bluetooth can be used for ……………….. communication.
i) long distance ii) short distance
iii) mobile phone iv) all of these (1) (Sept. 2015)
12. ABC Ltd. required connecting their computers in their company without using wires.
Suggest suitable medium to connect the computers. Explain. (3) (Sept. 2015)
13. (a) To make data transfer faster, a switch stores two different addresses of all the
devices connected to it. What are they? (1)
(b) There are 5 computers in your computer lab. Write short notes on any three
possible methods to interconnect these computers. Draw the diagram of each method.
(3) (March 2015)

3 Joy John’s CS Capsule

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