MBS’ Science

Department

3.Quantititve Chemistry Mastery

Booklet
(Chemistry Paper 1)
Name : ______________________
Teacher : ____________________

Date Given : __________________

These booklets are a consolidation of your learning. They should be
used in the following way – You should attempt the questions WITHOUT
looking at the answers. Then mark your questions with red pen and
add any missing marks you missed. You should then present the
completed document to your teacher to show WITHIN TWO weeks of
receiving the booklet.
THESE BOOKLETS WILL IMPROVE YOUR GRADES…!!

Page 1 of 37
Q1.
This question is about carbon and gases in the air.

(a) Carbon atoms have protons, neutrons and electrons.

Complete the table by writing the relative mass of a neutron and an electron.

Relative
Name of particle
mass

proton 1

neutron

electron

(2)

(b) What is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom called?

Tick ( ) one box.

The atomic number

The mass number

One mole of the atom

(1)

(c) An atom of carbon has six electrons.

Which structure, A, B or C, represents the electronic structure of the carbon atom?

The carbon atom is structure

(1)

Page 2 of 37
(d) Carbon reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide (CO2).

(i) How many different elements are in one molecule of carbon dioxide?

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(ii) What is the total number of atoms in one molecule of carbon dioxide?

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(e) Sometimes carbon reacts with oxygen to produce carbon monoxide (CO).

(i) Calculate the relative formula mass (Mr) of carbon monoxide.

Relative atomic masses (Ar): C = 12; O = 16

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Mr of carbon monoxide = _______________

(1)

(ii) Calculate the percentage by mass of carbon in carbon monoxide.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Percentage by mass of carbon in carbon monoxide = _____%

(1)

(f) Carbon dioxide is one of the gases in the air.

(i) The graph shows the percentage of argon and the percentage of carbon dioxide in the
air.

Page 3 of 37
 What is the percentage of argon in the air?

Percentage of argon = ____________________ %

(1)

(ii) An instrumental method is used to measure the amount of carbon dioxide in the
air.

Give one reason for using an instrumental method.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 10 marks)

Q2.
Citric acid is a weak acid.

(a) Explain what is meant by a weak acid.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

A student titrated citric acid with sodium hydroxide solution.

This is the method used.

1. Pipette 25.0 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution into a conical flask.

2. Add a few drops of thymol blue indicator to the sodium hydroxide solution.

Page 4 of 37
 Thymol blue is blue in alkali and yellow in acid.
3. Add citric acid solution from a burette until the end-point was reached.

(b) Explain what would happen at the end-point of this titration.

Refer to the acid, the alkali and the indicator in your answer.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)

(c) Explain why a pipette is used to measure the sodium hydroxide solution but a burette is used
to measure the citric acid solution

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(d) The table shows the student’s results.

Titration 1 Titration 2 Titration 3 Titration 4 Titration 5

Volume of citric
acid solution in 13.50 12.10 11.10 12.15 12.15
cm3

The equation for the reaction is:

C6H8O7 + 3 NaOH ⟶ C6H5O7Na3 + 3 H2O

The concentration of the sodium hydroxide was 0.102 mol / dm 3

Concordant results are those within 0.10 cm 3 of each other.

Calculate the concentration of the citric acid in mol / dm 3

Use only the concordant results from the table in your calculation.
You must show your working.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Page 5 of 37
 ___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Concentration = ____________________ mol / dm 3

(5)
(Total 12 marks)

Q3.
A student investigated the reactions of copper carbonate and copper oxide with dilute hydrochloric
acid.

In both reactions one of the products is copper chloride.

(a) Describe how a sample of copper chloride crystals could be made from copper carbonate
and dilute hydrochloric acid.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(4)

(b) A student wanted to make 11.0 g of copper chloride.

The equation for the reaction is:

CuCO3 + 2HCl → CuCl2 + H2O + CO2

Relative atomic masses, Ar: H = 1; C = 12; O = 16; Cl = 35.5; Cu = 63.5

Calculate the mass of copper carbonate the student should react with dilute hydrochloric
acid to make 11.0 g of copper chloride.

___________________________________________________________________

Page 6 of 37
 ___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Mass of copper carbonate = _________________________ g

(4)

(c) The percentage yield of copper chloride was 79.1 %.

Calculate the mass of copper chloride the student actually produced.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Actual mass of copper chloride produced = ____________ g

(2)

(d) Look at the equations for the two reactions:

Reaction 1 CuCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CuCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

Reaction 2 CuO(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CuCl2(aq) + H2O(l)

Reactive formula masses: CuO = 79.5; HCl = 36.5; CuCl2 = 134.5; H2O = 18

The percentage atom economy for a reaction is calculated using:

Calculate the percentage atom economy for Reaction 2.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Percentage atom economy = ________________________ %

(3)

(e) The atom economy for Reaction 1 is 68.45 %.

Compare the atom economies of the two reactions for making copper chloride.

Give a reason for the difference.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Page 7 of 37
 (1)
(Total 14 marks)

Q4.
Cobalt forms coloured compounds.

A pink cobalt compound reacts with hydrochloric acid.

The reaction can be represented as:

pink cobalt compound + hydrochloric acid ⇌ blue cobalt compound + water

The forward reaction is endothermic.

When both cobalt compounds are present in a solution at equilibrium, the equilibrium mixture is
purple.

(a) What is meant by equilibrium?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(b) The equilibrium mixture is cooled.

Explain what happens to the concentration of the pink cobalt compound.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)

(c) More hydrochloric acid is added.

Explain what happens to the colour of the equilibrium mixture

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Page 8 of 37
 ___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)

(d) Why does cobalt form different coloured compounds?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(e) An oxide of cobalt has the formula Co2O3

Which cobalt ion is present in this oxide?

Tick (✔) one box.

Co+

Co2+

Co3+

Co4+

(1)

(f) Cobalt compounds can act as catalysts.

Which two statements about cobalt compounds are correct?

Tick (✔) two boxes.

They allow reactions to reach equilibrium more quickly.

They are reactants in reactions catalysed by cobalt compounds.

Page 9 of 37
 They are used up when acting as catalysts.

They increase the equilibrium yield of reactions.

They provide a different reaction pathway.

(2)

(g) The reaction of hydrogen with carbon monoxide is catalysed by cobalt metal.

Balance the equation for the reaction.

H2 + CO ⟶ C6H14 + H2O
(1)

(h) C6H14 is an alkane.

What is the formula of an alkane containing 18 hydrogen atoms?

__________________________________
(1)

(i) The graph shows a reaction profile diagram for a reaction without a catalyst.

On the graph:

• draw the reaction profile diagram for a catalysed reaction

• draw and label an arrow to show the activation energy for the reaction without a
catalyst.
(2)
(Total 16 marks)

Q5.

Page 10 of 37
Some students were investigating the rate at which carbon dioxide gas is produced when metal
carbonates react with an acid.

One student reacted 1.00 g of calcium carbonate with 50 cm 3, an excess, of dilute hydrochloric
acid.

The apparatus used is shown in Diagram 1.

Diagram 1

Dilute hydrochloric acid

(a) Complete the two labels for the apparatus on the diagram.
(2)

(b) The student measured the volume of gas collected every 30 seconds.

The table shows the student’s results.

Time in Volume of carbon dioxide

seconds collected in cm3

30 104

60

90 198

120 221

150 232

180 238

210 240

240 240

(i) Diagram 2 shows what the student saw at 60 seconds.

Diagram 2

Page 11 of 37
 What is the volume of gas collected?

Volume of gas = __________ cm3

(1)

(ii) Why did the volume of gas stop changing after 210 seconds?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(c) Another student placed a conical flask containing 1.00 g of a Group 1 carbonate (M 2CO3) on
a balance.

He then added 50 cm3, an excess, of dilute hydrochloric acid to the flask and measured the
mass of carbon dioxide given off.

The equation for the reaction is:

M2CO3 + 2HCl 2MCl + H2O + CO2

The final mass of carbon dioxide given off was 0.32 g.

(i) Calculate the amount, in moles, of carbon dioxide in 0.32 g carbon dioxide.

Relative atomic masses (Ar): C = 12; O = 16

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Moles of carbon dioxide = __________ moles

(2)

(ii) How many moles of the metal carbonate are needed to make this number of moles of
carbon dioxide?

Page 12 of 37
 ______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Moles of metal carbonate = __________ moles

(1)

(iii) The mass of metal carbonate used was 1.00 g.

Use this information, and your answer to part (c) (ii), to calculate the relative formula
mass (Mr) of the metal carbonate.

If you could not answer part (c) (ii), use 0.00943 as the number of moles of metal
carbonate. This is not the answer to part (c) (ii).

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Relative formula mass (Mr) of metal carbonate = __________

(1)

(iv) Use your answer to part (c) (iii) to calculate the relative atomic mass (Ar) of the metal
in the metal carbonate (M2CO3) and so identify the Group 1 metal in the metal
carbonate.

If you could not answer part (c) (iii), use 230 as the relative formula mass of the metal
carbonate. This is not the answer to part (c) (iii).

To gain full marks, you must show your working.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Relative atomic mass of metal is ____________________________________

Identity of metal _________________________________________________

(3)

(d) Two other students repeated the experiment in part (c).

(i) When the first student did the experiment some acid sprayed out of the flask as the
metal carbonate reacted.

Explain the effect this mistake would have on the calculated relative atomic mass of
the metal.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Page 13 of 37
 ______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(3)

(ii) The second student used 100 cm3 of dilute hydrochloric acid instead of 50 cm3.

Explain the effect, if any, this mistake would have on the calculated relative atomic
mass of the metal.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(3)
(Total 17 marks)

Q6.
In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising information clearly and
using specialist terms where appropriate.

A student used the equipment shown to do a titration.

Page 14 of 37
Describe how the student should use this equipment to find the volume of sodium hydroxide
solution that reacts with a known volume of acid.
Include any measurements the student should make.

Do not describe how to do any calculations.

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
(Total 6 marks)

Page 15 of 37
Q7.
Magnesium reacts with steam to produce hydrogen gas and magnesium oxide.

A teacher demonstrated the reaction to a class. The figure below shows the apparatus the teacher
used.

(a) (i) The hydrogen produced was collected.

Describe how to test the gas to show that it is hydrogen.

Test __________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Result ________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(2)

(ii) Explain why the magnesium has to be heated to start the reaction.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(2)

(b) The equation for the reaction is:

Mg(s) + H2O(g) MgO(s) + H2(g)

(i) The teacher used 1.00 g of magnesium.

Use the equation to calculate the maximum mass of magnesium oxide produced.

Page 16 of 37
 Give your answer to three significant figures.

Relative atomic masses (A r): O = 16; Mg = 24

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Maximum mass = ____________________ g

(3)

(ii) The teacher’s demonstration produced 1.50 g of magnesium oxide.

Use your answer from part (b)(i) to calculate the percentage yield.

If you could not answer part (b)(i), use 1.82 g as the maximum mass of magnesium
oxide. This is not the answer to part (b)(i).

______________________________________________________________

Percentage yield = ____________________ %

(2)

(iii) Give one reason why the percentage yield is less than 100%.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 10 marks)

Q8.
The Haber Process is used to produce ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen.

The equation for the reaction is:

N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3

Page 17 of 37
(a) An ammonia molecule has the formula NH3

How many atoms are there in one molecule of ammonia?

Tick (✔) one box.

2 3 4 6

(1)

(b) What does the symbol ⇌ mean?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(c) Draw one line from each gas to the source of that gas.

(2)

The diagram shows the Haber process.

Page 18 of 37
A mixture of ammonia, hydrogen and nitrogen gases leave the reactor.

Table 1 shows the boiling points of the gases.

Table 1

Gas Boiling point in °C

Ammonia – 33

Nitrogen – 196

Hydrogen – 253

(d) The mixture is cooled to a temperature at which only the ammonia condenses to a liquid.

Which temperature could be used?

Tick (✔) one box.

− 20 °C

− 40 °C

− 200 °C

− 260 °C

(1)

(e) What happens to the unreacted nitrogen?

Page 19 of 37
 Tick (✔) one box.

Collected and sold

Recycled to the reactor

Released into the air

Used as a catalyst

(1)

Ammonia from the Haber process can be used to produce fertilisers.

Table 2 gives information about two compounds used in fertilisers.

Table 2

Fertiliser Compound Cost in £ / kg

A Potassium chloride 0.24

B Diammonium phosphate 0.35

(f) What type of bonding is present in potassium chloride?

Tick (✔) one box.

Covalent

Ionic

Metallic

(1)

(g) Diammonium phosphate has the chemical formula (NH4)2HPO4

Page 20 of 37
 Which two elements in (NH4)2HPO4 improve agricultural productivity?

Tick (✔) two boxes.

Chlorine

Hydrogen

Nitrogen

Oxygen

Phosphorus

A farmer uses fertilisers A and B on a field with an area of 0.05 km2

(2)

(h) 50 kg of fertiliser A will cover an area of 0.01 km2

Calculate the cost of fertilising a field with an area of 0.05 km2 with fertiliser A.

Use Table 2.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Cost = £ ____________________
(2)

(i) Fertiliser B is more expensive than fertiliser A.

Suggest why the farmer uses both fertilisers.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 12 marks)

Page 21 of 37
Q9.
Sodium hydroxide neutralises sulfuric acid.

The equation for the reaction is:

2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2H2O

(a) Sulfuric acid is a strong acid.

What is meant by a strong acid?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(b) Write the ionic equation for this neutralisation reaction. Include state symbols.

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(c) A student used a pipette to add 25.0 cm 3 of sodium hydroxide of unknown concentration to a
conical flask.

The student carried out a titration to find out the volume of 0.100 mol / dm3 sulfuric acid
needed to neutralise the sodium hydroxide.

Describe how the student would complete the titration.

You should name a suitable indicator and give the colour change that would be seen.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(4)

(d) The student carried out five titrations. Her results are shown in the table below.

Page 22 of 37
 Titration 1 Titration 2 Titration 3 Titration 4 Titration 5

Volume of
0.100 mol / dm3 27.40 28.15 27.05 27.15 27.15
sulfuric acid in
cm3

Concordant results are within 0.10 cm3 of each other.

Use the student’s concordant results to work out the mean volume of 0.100 mol / dm 3 sulfuric
acid added.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Mean volume = _____________________________ cm3

(2)

(e) The equation for the reaction is:

2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2H2O

Calculate the concentration of the sodium hydroxide.

Give your answer to three significant figures.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Concentration = _______________________ mol / dm3

(4)

(f) The student did another experiment using 20 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution with a
concentration of 0.18 mol / dm3.

Relative formula mass (Mr) of NaOH = 40

Calculate the mass of sodium hydroxide in 20 cm3 of this solution.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Page 23 of 37
 ___________________________________________________________________

Mass = ________________ g
(2)
(Total 16 marks)

Q10.
Nitrogen and hydrogen react to produce ammonia in the Haber process.

Figure 1 shows the Haber process.

A gaseous mixture of ammonia, hydrogen and nitrogen leaves the reactor.

Table 1 shows the boiling points of the gases.

Table 1

Gas Boiling point in °C

Ammonia −33

Nitrogen −196

Hydrogen −253

(a) Suggest how ammonia is separated from the other gases.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(b) What happens to the unreacted hydrogen and nitrogen?

Page 24 of 37
 ___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

The equation for the reaction is:

N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g)

The forward reaction is exothermic.

(c) Calculate the volume of ammonia produced from the complete reaction of 825 dm 3 of
hydrogen.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Volume of ammonia = ____________________ dm 3

(2)

(d) The Haber process uses a temperature of 450 °C and a pressure of 200 atmospheres.

Why are these conditions used?

Tick two boxes.

A higher pressure is maintained using less energy

A higher temperature would increase the equilibrium yield

A lower pressure would decrease the equilibrium yield

A lower temperature would make the reaction too slow

There are more product molecules than reactant molecules

(2)

Most of the ammonia produced is used to make fertilisers.

Page 25 of 37
Table 2 shows information about compounds used as fertilisers.

Table 2

Cost in £ /
Compound Formula
tonne

A NH4NO3 220

B (NH4)2HPO4 350

C KCl 235

(e) Which element in compound A improves agricultural productivity?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(f) Which two compounds can be mixed to make a fertiliser containing three elements that
improve agricultural productivity?

Give a reason why you have chosen these compounds.

Compounds ___________ and ___________

Reason ____________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(g) Figure 2 shows a flow chart for the production of compounds B and C.

Suggest two possible reasons for the difference in cost between compounds B and C.

1. _________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 12 marks)

Page 26 of 37
Mark schemes

Q1.
(a) 1
must be in this order
1

very small
accept negligible, 1 / 2000
allow zero
1

(b) The mass number

1

(c) C
1

(d) (i) 2
1

(ii) 3
1

(e) (i) 28
1

(ii) 42.9
accept ecf from (e)(i)
accept 42 - 43
1

(f) (i) 0.9

1

(ii) any one from:

• accurate

• sensitive

• rapid

• small sample.
1
[10]

Q2.
(a) produces H+ / hydrogen ions in aqueous solution
1

(but is) only partially / slightly ionised

1

(b) indicator changes colour

Page 27 of 37
 1

from blue to yellow

allow from blue to green
1

(when) the acid and alkali are (exactly) neutralised

or
(when) no excess of either acid or alkali
1

(c) pipette measures one fixed volume (accurately)

1

(but) burette measures variable volumes (accurately)

1

(d)
1

(mean titre =) 12.13(3) (cm 3)

1

(moles NaOH = conc × vol) = 0.00255

1

(moles citric acid = moles NaOH) = 0.00085

1

(conc acid = moles / vol) = 0.0701 (mol / dm 3)

allow ecf from steps 1, 2, 3 and / or 4
allow an answer of 0.0701 (mol / dm 3) without working
for 1 mark only
1
[12]

Q3.
(a) add excess copper carbonate (to dilute hydrochloric acid)
accept alternatives to excess, such as ‘until no more
reacts’
1

filter (to remove excess copper carbonate)

reject heat until dry
1

heat filtrate to evaporate some water or heat to point of crystallisation

accept leave to evaporate or leave in evaporating basin
1

leave to cool (so crystals form)

until crystals form
1
must be in correct order to gain 4 marks

Page 28 of 37
 (b) Mr CuCl2 = 134.5
correct answer scores 4 marks
1

moles copper chloride = (mass / Mr = 11 / 134.5) = 0.0817843866

1

Mr CuCO3= 123.5
1

Mass CuCO3 (=moles × M2= 0.08178 × 123.5) = 10.1(00)

1
accept 10.1 with no working shown for 4 marks

(c)

or

11.0 × 0.791
1

8.70 (g)
1
accept 8.70(g) with no working shown for 2 marks

(d) Total mass of reactants = 152.5

1

134.5

152.5
allow ecf from step 1
1

88.20 (%)
1
allow 88.20 with no working shown for 3 marks

(e) atom economy using carbonate lower because an additional product is made or
carbon dioxide is made as well
allow ecf
1
[14]

Q4.
(a) in a closed system
1

the rate of the forward and backward reactions are equal

1

(b) concentration increases

1

(because) reaction / equilibrium moves to the left / reactant side

1

Page 29 of 37
 (since the) reverse reaction is exothermic
allow (so that) temperature increases
1

(c) becomes blue

1

(because) reaction / equilibrium moves to the right / product side

1

(so) concentration of blue cobalt compound increases

allow (so that) concentration of hydrochloric acid
decreases
1

(d) (cobalt has) ions with different charges

allow (cobalt is a) transition metal
1

(e) Co3+
1

(f) they allow reactions to reach equilibrium more quickly

1

they provide a different reaction pathway

1

(g) 13H2 + 6CO → C6H14 + 6H2O

allow multiples
1

(h) C8H18
1

(i) curve below printed curve

do not accept different reactant or product levels
1

vertical arrow from reactant level to peak of printed curve

1

an answer of:

scores 2 marks
[16]

Page 30 of 37
Q5.
(a) left hand: (conical) flask
do not accept round bottomed
flask or container which is not a flask
1

right hand: beaker / trough

accept plastic box
1

(b) (i) 157

1

(ii) all calcium carbonate used up or reaction stopped

do not accept all acid used up
1

(c) (i) 0.007(272727…)

correct answer with or without working gains 2 marks
if answer incorrect, allow (0.32 / 44) for 1 mark
2

(ii) 0.007(272727…)
allow ecf from (c)(i)
1

(iii) (Mr = mass / moles = 1 / 0.00727…) = 137.5 or 138

allow ecf from (c)(ii)
if use 0.00943 moles then = 106
if use 0.007 allow 143 (142.857)
1

(iv) (138) – 60 (= 78)

23 / 85
1

(78 / 2) = 39
1

potassium
sodium / rubidium
identity of metal ecf on Ar, but must be Group 1
If no working max 1 mark
1

(d) (i) (relative atomic mass) would decrease

1

because the mass lost greater

1

so moles carbon dioxide larger or moles metal carbonate greater

1

(ii) no change
1

Page 31 of 37
 because the acid (already) in excess
1

so the amount carbon dioxide lost is the same

1
[17]

Q6.
Marks awarded for this answer will be determined by the Quality of Written
Communication (QWC) as well as the standard of the scientific response. Examiners
should also refer to the information in the Marking guidance.

0 marks
No relevant content.

Level 1 (1-2 marks)

There is a simple description of using some of the equipment.

Level 2 (3-4 marks)

There is a description of an experimental method involving a measurement, or including
addition of alkali to acid (or vice versa).

Level 3 (5-6 marks)

There is a description of a titration that would allow a successful result to be obtained.

Examples of chemistry points made in the response could include:

• acid in (conical) flask

• volume of acid measured using pipette

• indicator in (conical) flask

• sodium hydroxide in burette

• white tile under flask

• slow addition

• swirling

• colour change

• volume of sodium hydroxide added

Extra information

• allow acid in the burette to be added to sodium hydroxide in the (conical)

flask

• allow any specified indicator

colour change need not be specified

[6]

Q7.

Page 32 of 37
(a) (i) lit splint or ignite the gas
1

(squeaky) pop / explosion

1

(ii) because it provides energy (for the reaction)

1

to break bonds (in the reactants) or so the particles collide

successfully
ignore reference to frequency or rate of collisions
because it provides the activation energy gains 2 marks
1

(b) (i) 1.67(g)

allow 1.66-1.68
correct answer (to 3 significant figures) with or without
working gains 3 marks
if answer incorrect allow up to 2 marks for the following
steps:
24 → 40
1.00 → 40 / 24
or
moles magnesium = 1 / 24 or 0.04(17)
multiply by 40
allow ecf from incorrect ratio or incorrect number of
moles
3

(ii) if correct answer from part (b)(i) used

allow ecf from part (b)(i)

89.8 or 90

if 1.82 g used

82.4 or 82
correct answer with or without working gains 2 marks
if answer incorrect, allow the following for 1 mark:
1.50 / 1.67 (or their answer from part (b)(i))
if 1.82 g used: 1.50 / 1.82
2

(iii) any one from:

ignore measurement errors

• not all the magnesium reacted

allow the reaction may be reversible
• some of the magnesium oxide / product may have been left in
the tube or may have been lost
ignore magnesium lost
• different / unexpected reaction
• magnesium not pure
1

Page 33 of 37
 [10]

Q8.
(a) 4
1

(b) reversible (reaction)

1

(c)
1
1

(d) −40 °C
1

(e) recycled to the reactor

1

(f) ionic
1

(g) nitrogen
1

phosphorus
1

(h) 0.24 × 50 × 5
allow £87.50
1

= £60
1
an answer of £60 scores 2 marks

(i) may need to use nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium

allow neither fertiliser has all the elements / nutrients
needed.
[12]

Q9.
(a) (sulfuric acid is) completely / fully ionised
1

In aqueous solution or when dissolved in water

1

(b) H+(aq) + OH−(aq) → H2O(l)

Page 34 of 37
 allow multiples
1 mark for equation
1 mark for state symbols
2

(c) adds indicator, eg phenolpthalein / methyl orange / litmus added to the sodium
hydroxide
(in the conical flask)
do not accept universal indicator
1

(adds the acid from a) burette

1

with swirling or dropwise towards the end point or until the indicator just changes
colour
1

until the indicator changes from pink to colourless (for phenolphthalein) or yellow
to red
(for methyl orange) or blue to red (for litmus)
1

(d) titrations 3, 4 and 5

or

27.12 cm3
accept 27.12 with no working shown for 2 marks
1
allow 27.1166 with no working shown for 2 marks

(e) Moles H2SO4 = conc × vol = 0.00271

allow ecf from 8.4
1

Ratio H2SO4:NaOH is 1:2

or
Moles NaOH = Moles H2SO4 × 2 = 0.00542
1

Concentration NaOH = mol / vol = 0.00542 / 0.025 = 0.2168

1

0.217 (mol / dm3)

accept 0.217 with no working for 4 marks
1
accept 0.2168 with no working for 3 marks

(f) × 0.18 = no of moles

or

0.15 × 40 g
1

Page 35 of 37
 0.144 (g)
1
accept 0.144g with no working for 2 marks
[16]

Q10.
(a) cool
1

to −34 °C
allow temperatures below −34 °C but above −196 °C
1

(b) recycled (to the reactor)

1

(c)
1

= 550 (dm 3)
1
3
an answer of 550 (dm ) scores 2 marks

(d) a lower pressure would decrease the equilibrium yield

1

a lower temperature would make the reaction too slow

1

(e) nitrogen / N
1

(f) B and C
1

contain nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium

1

(g) (B)

any two from:

• more stages
• uses more energy
• uses more raw materials
• takes longer
allow converse for C
2
[12]

Page 36 of 37
Page 37 of 37