1. A compound contains only C, H, and N.

A chemist analyzes it by doing the following

experiments: Complete combustion of 35.0 mg of compound produced 33.5 mg CO2
and 41.1 mg H2O. A 65.2-mg sample of the compound was analyzed for nitrogen by
the Dumas method, giving 35.6 mL N2 at 740.0 torr and 25oC. The effusion rate of
the compound as a gas was measured and found to be 24.6 mL/min. The effusion rate
of argon gas, under identical conditions, is 26.4 mL/min.

GIVEN:

35.0 mg of compound, 33.5 mg CO2, 41.1 mg H2O

65.2-mg sample of the compound, 35.6 mL N2 at 740.0 torr and 25oC

effusion rate of the compound= 24.6 mL/min

effusion rate of the argon= 24.6 mL/min

REQUIRED:

a.) What is the molecular mass of the compound?

b.) What is the molecular formula of the compound?

SOLUTION:

a.) What is the molecular mass of the compound?

Calculate the mass percent of each element.

Carbon:

12.02 mg C 1
mass % C=33.5 mgCO 2 × × ×100 %=26.1 %
44.01 mgCO 2 35.0 mg sample

Hydrogen:

2.016 mg H 1
mass % C=41.1 mg H 2 O × × ×100 %=13.1%
44.01 mg H 2 O 35.0 mg sample

Nitrogen:

- Using the ideal gas law

PV =nRT

PV
n=
RT
 740 −3
atm ×35.6 ×10 L
760
n=
L−atm
0.08206 ×298 K
K ∙ mol
−3
n=1.417 ×10 mol

- Mass Percent

−3 28.02 g N 2 1000 mg N 2
1.417 ×10 mol N 2 × × =39.70 mg N 2
1 mol N 2 1 gN2

39.70 mg
mass % N= ×100 %=60.9 %
65.2 mg

- Molecular Mass of Compound

Rate Argon
Rate Compound
=
√M compound
M Argon
24.6 mL /min
26.4 mL /min
=
√
M compound
39.95 g
26.4 mL /min
24.6 mL /min
=
√M compound
39.95 g
M compound =46.01 g/mol

b.) What is the molecular formula of the compound?

1 mol C
2.61 g C= =2.17 mol C
12.01 g C
1mol H
13.1 g H = =13.0 mol H
1.008 g H
1 mol N
60.9 g N = =4.35 mol N
14.01 g N
- Number of moles
Carbon:
2.17 mol
=1
2.17 mol
Hydrogen:
13.0 mol
=6
2.17 mol
Nitrogen:
4. 35 mol
=2
2.17 mol
ANSWER:
 a.) M compound =46.01 g/mol
b.) CH 6 N 2

2. Calculate the pressure and composition of air on top of Mt. Everest, assuming
that the atmosphere has a temperature of 0 oC independent of altitude (h = 29141 ft).
Assume that air at sea level has a pressure of 1 bar and contains 20% O 2 and 80% N2.
Hint: The difference in pressure drop dP between h and h + dh is equal to the mass of
the gas between these two levels times g and divided by the dP=−ρgdh.

GIVEN:

P0=1 atm

h=29141 ft=8882.18 m
−3
M O =32.0 × 10 kg /mol
3

−3
M N =28.0 ×10 kg/mol
2

J
R=8.314
mol ∙ K

T =273 K

Air at sea level contains , 80.0 % N 2∧20.0 % O2

1 atm=1 ¯¿

REQUIRED: pressure and composition of air on top of Mt. Everest

SOLUTION:
− gM (h)
RT
Ph=P 0 e

- 20% of Oxygen
−gM (h−h0)
RT
Ph of O =P 0 e
2

m −3
(−9.81 2
)(32.0 ×10 kg/mol)(8882.18 m)
s
J
(8.314 )(273 K)
Ph of O =( 0.2 atm ) e
2
mol ∙ K

Ph of O =0.0585 atm
2

- 80% of Nitrogen
 −gM (h−h0 )
RT
Ph of N =P0 e
2

m −3
(−9.81 2
)(28.0 ×10 kg/mol)(8882.18 m)
s
J
(8.314 )(273 K)
Ph of N =( 0.8 atm ) e
2
mol ∙ K

Ph of N =0.2732atm
- Total pressure

Ptotal=0.0585 atm+0.2732 atm

Ptotal =0.33 atm

3. Much to everyone’s surprise, nitrogen monoxide (NO) has been found to act as a
neurotransmitter. To prepare to study its effect, a sample was collected in a container
of volume 250.0 mL at 19.5oC its pressure is found to be 24.5 kPa. What amount of
NO has been collected?

GIVEN:

Volume of NO= 250 mL= 0.250 L

Temperature= 19.5 oC+273= 292.5 K

1 atm
Pressure=24.5 kPa× =0.24 atm
101.325 kPa

REQUIRED: amount of NO has been collected

SOLUTION:

PV =nRT

PV
n=
RT

( 0.24 atm ) (0.250 L)

n=
L−atm
(0.0821 )(292.5 K )
K ∙ mol

n=2.52 mmol

5. An impure 60.2 g sample of KNO3 was heated until all of the KNO3 had decomposed.
 2 KN O3 (s) → 2 KN O2 (s) +O2(g )

The oxygen produced occupied 4.22 L at STP. What was the percent purity of the KNO 3
sample? Assume that KNO3 is the only source for the O2.

GIVEN:

P= 1 atm

V= 4.22 L

60.2 g sample of KNO3

T=273 K

REQUIRED: percent purity of the KNO3

SOLUTION:

- Solve for moles of oxygen

PV
n=
RT
( 1 atm ) (4.22 L)
n=
L−atm
(0.0821 )(273 K )
K ∙ mol
n=0.188 mol of O2
- Mass of KN O3
2 mol of KN O3 101.10 g of KN O3
Mas s of KN O3=0.188 mol of O2 × ×
1mol of O2 1mol of KN O3
Mass of KN O3=38.07 g
- % of KNO3
38.07 g
% KN O3= ×100 %
60.2 g
% KN O3=63.3 %

6. Hot air balloons gain their lift from the lowering of density of air that occurs when the air in
the envelope is heated. To what temperature should you heat a sample of air, initially at 340 K, to
increase its volume by 14%?

GIVEN:

T1= 340 K

V2= 1.14V1
REQUIRED: temperature when volume is increased by 14%

SOLUTION:

- Solve for initial volume (assuming n=1 mol and P=1 atm)

nR T 1
V 1=
P

L−atm
(1 mol)(0.0821 )(340 K)
K ∙ mol
V 1=
1 atm

V 1=27.914 L

- Solve for final temperature.

V1 V2
=
T 1 T2
27.914 L 1.14 (27.914 L)
=
340 K T2
T 2=387.6 K