CPAR

SCULPTURE WELDED SCULPTURE

In contrast to painting, sculpture has three Creating these sculptures involve the process of
dimensions - height, width, and depth. It is connecting sheets of metal together by using an
created by either carving, modeling, or acetylene or electric torch. Most sculptures of
assembling parts together. Eduardo Castrillo are welded sculptures.

GENERAL KINDS OF SCULPTURE SYMBOLIC SCULPTURE

FREE-STANDING A good example of symbolic sculpture is the

interpretation of Abdulmari Imao on okir design,
This is a kind of sculpture that can which is a Maranao design tradition that is
independently stand in space. It has a flat typically used in woodcarving. Ima produced
horizontal base. All its sides contribute to the four contemporary series of the okir: the
overall form of the sculpture. Guillermo sarimanok, the sari-mosque, the sari-okir and
Tolentino's Oblation is a classic example of this calligraphic sculptures.
kind of sculpture.
VISUAL ART FORMS
RELIEF
ADVERTISING ART
This kind of sculpture does not have a flat
horizontal base. The form is projected from a This refers to using paid space or time in any of
flat surface. There are two types of relief - low the media to inform and influence the public.
relief or bas-relief, and high relief. The form of a This is used to encourage the public to patronize
low relief projects slightly from the flat surface, certain goods and services, or to support
in contrast to the high relief. policies or persons. The following can be used in
advertising art: animation, photography,
TYPES OF SCULPTURE computer- generated graphics, neon signs,
posters, mascots, total product improvement,
ASSEMBLAGE and total corporate promotion.

This sculpture is formed by putting together BAMBOO ART

materials,such as found objects, pieces of paper,
sponges, wood scraps, and other materials. This refers to works made of bamboo that may
be used for everyday purposes or for
KINETIC SCULPTURE decorations or ornaments. Thick bamboo is
typically used for building sturdy structures,
This is considered as a sculpture in motion decorations, furniture, containers, and writing
because the entire sculpture or some parts of materials. On the other hand, thin bamboo is
the sculpture are moving with the wind or are used in creating musical instruments and
vibrating with the surrounding air. A mobile is personal accessories.
said to be the simplest form of a kinetic
sculpture. BASKETRY

This refers to the art of creating containers by

weaving, plaiting, or braiding materials into
hollow three-dimensional shapes that can either The komiks, on the other hand, may use single
be used for carrying, storage, and trapping or multiple frames with conversations of people
animals. or animals placed inside "balloons."

BOOK DESIGN LEAF ART

Book design involves structuring and Leaf art is used in religious rituals, food
reproduction of bound pages that are filled with wrapping, and even as a form of modern artistic
text and/or images, and are protected by hard expression. This makes leaf art different from
or soft covers. basketry. The palaspas that is used every Palm
Sunday is an example of leaf art.
COSTUMES
MAT WEAVING
These are garments, hairstyles, and accessories
that are worn by individual members or groups This refers to the art of "plaiting strips of organic
in a particular society. These may vary according fibers into mats.“ These mats, locally known as
to class, sex, age, civil status, occupation, rank, banig, are cool, light, and portable compared to
and personal taste of an individual. fixed beds.

EMBROIDERY METALCRAFT

This refers to the art of stitching ornaments on This includes all objects made from metal using
cloth by hand. the processes of brass casting and
blacksmithing, tinsmithing, or goldsmithing and
FOOD ART silversmithing.

This involves packaging and/or presentation of • Brass casting and blacksmithing- This process
food in an artistic way. This is different from involves casting and forging pieces of brass or
Western garnishing, which involves adding bronze. Tools, containers, weapons, and other
decorative touches. This is because food art items can be created using this process. Anting-
involves enhancing the food itself or its anting or amulets are also created using this
packaging in an artistic way. process.

FURNITURE • Goldsmithing and silversmithing- These

processes involves the use of gold and silver in
These are decorative and functional objects creating objects and ornaments.
which are typically found in a public or private
dwelling or building. These are also known as • Tinsmithing- Tinsmithing can be easily seen in
muebles or kasangkapan. creating jeepneys, kalesas, and cariton or ice-
cream cart.
KOMIKS AND EDITORIAL CARTOONS
CONCEPTUAL ART
Both komiks and editorial cartoon involve
illustrations of stories or events. However, an In this type of multimedia, a visual artist
editorial cartoon is a single-frame illustration "ideates or sets up a situation, placing
that may either makes fun of political leaders or philosophical value in the process itself, while
institutions, or comments on current events.
negating the importance of craftsmanship in interchanged with "ceramics." However, it is
arriving at a finished art object." important to note that application of ceramics is
wider and even includes industrial use. There
• Installation Art- In this type of multimedia, the are three types of pottery. These are:
artist puts together materials and objects in an
exhibition space to cast a new experience or • Earthenware or Terracotta- This type of
idea. pottery is made from clay and is usually fired at
1,700-2,100°F.
PAPER ART

This involves the processes of cutting, pasting,

recycling, and/or constructing of objects from • Stoneware- This type of pottery is made from
paper. Paper art used to be limited with folk clay and feldspar. Stoneware is usually fired at
paper art such as taka and higante from 2,220-2,230°F.
Angono, parol, pastillas wrappings, and kites.
However, contemporary artists such as Glenn • Porcelain- This type of pottery is made from
Bautista, Santiago Bose, Petite Calaguas, Impy kaolin, a special type of clay that is extra fine
Pilapil, and Manuel Rodriguez Sr. ventured into and white, and feldspar. Porcelain is fired at
paper art and raised it to a new level. 2,500-

PERSONAL ORNAMENT ARCHITECTURE

These are objects that are worn on the human - considered to be one of the most
body. Jewelry falls under this form. These are functional branches of the visual arts.
worn either to enhance a part of the body of - involves designing the form of a building
the wearer, to exhibit rank or status, or to while allowing the building to serve its
symbolize ritualistic and emotional states. function.
Jewelry made in the Philippines is typically - It is considered to be the "art to
described as symmetrical and exhibits formal inhabit."
proportion, and having a strong sense of
rhythm. FORM OF CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE

PHOTOGRAPHY DOMESTIC BUILDINGS AND HOUSES

This refers to the process of producing images APARTMENT- This refers to a building composed
using a light-sensitive chemical plate or film. of many residences called units. This is usually
Photographs are taken to serve as portraits and built in populated urban areas. Nowadays, in
as propaganda. Photographs are also used to order to maximize the use of space and because
serve as documentation for travel and research. of the increased buying power of the
Aside from these, photography is useful in population, condominiums were developed.
covering events, as well as for advertising and These condominiums are larger offshoots of
fashion. Lastly, a photograph is highly useful apartments. Most of the units in a
medium for an artist. condominium are used as residences, but others
are also used as business and commercial
POTTERY spaces

Pottery is a general term for decorative and BAHAY NA BATO- Built in many areas during the
useful objects made from clay and set off at 19th and 20th centuries, the bahay na bato is
high temperatures. This is frequently considered to be a residence of the wealthy. A
typical two-story bahay na bato generally has a halfway between the ground level and the
ground floor that is made of brick or stone, and upper level.
has a wooden upper level. The windows at the
level have grilles, while the windows at the SPLIT-LEVEL HOUSE- The split-level house in the
upper level have sliding shutters. The roof of a Philippines has two main levels. The lower level
typical bahay na bato slants on four sides. The houses the kitchen, living and dining areas,
features of the bahay na bato may be different while the upper level has the bedrooms. These
in every region. levels are separated by about half or less-than-
half a story.
BARONG-BARONG- The barong-barong are
houses of the landless poor that are built on any TSALET - refers to a suburban house that has
land or area. These are usually found near the one story, a two- story house with living
esteros, riverbanks, and bayshores; spaces along quarters on the upper level, or an elevated one-
high walls, railroad tracks; spaces near story house. The term tsalet came from the
abandoned buildings, and garbage dumps; or term "chalet" which refers to a peasant house in
any vacant lot. Some of these barong-barong Switzerland that has upper levels jutting over
are built under bridges. People usually build the lower levels, a steep roof and a decorated
these houses near the places of livelihood. gable.
There are also other people who prefer building
their houses on wide vacant lots in order to use COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
these lots in raising animals, planting
vegetables, or undertaking a small business. MARKET (PALENGKE) -refers to a place or a
building for buying and selling goods. This is also
BUNGALOW- This refers to a one-story house referred to as tindahan, and tiyangge.
with a wide front porch and large windows. It Nowadays, the palengke has evolved into the
may also have a terrace, which may be roofed or supermarket, which puts the wet market and
not. the grocery together in the same complex.

ETHNIC HOUSES Buildings that house banks, business offices,

and factories- These buildings, especially those
BAHAY KUBO-considered as an ethnic house of created during the 1950's, have plain wall
Christian peasant families living in the lowland surfaces and large windows. These also have
areas. This is typically owned by families bold rectangular forms and clean lines. There
belonging in low income groups. The bahay are even some buildings that do not exhibit
kubo has pile construction and a roof sliding in symmetry of form.
all sides, which is typical in a traditional ethnic
house. However, the bahay kubo has sliding Government buildings
windows for ventilation.
CAPITOL (KAPITOLYO)- This refers to the
HOUSEBOAT- The houseboat is basically a boat building of the provincial government. Most of
that also serves as a dwelling. The Badjaos or the kapitolyo in the country use columns and
Sama Laut typically reside in houseboats. pediments in the exterior of the buildings.

One-and-a-half story house- The one-and-a-half Town hall (munisipyo)- This refers to the
story is characterized by an upper level or story building of the municipal government. The
covering just a half of the lower level. This may offices of the mayor, the municipal council, the
also become a split-level house if half of the municipal court and jail, and other important
ground level is higher in such a way that it is offices such as the municipal registrar's office
are located here. There are some instances,
however, when the municipal court and jail are Later, mausoleums were developed and used by
housed in a separate building called the the wealthy. Nowadays, memorial parks, which
tribunal. have wide green areas covering the vaults, and
columbariums, which are buildings for storing
PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES cremated remains, are developed.

SCHOOL (ESKWELAHAN)- refers to a place

where young people are educated to become
productive members of the community. The
most common style of the eskwelahan is
American-influenced, which featured a concrete
structure elevated on stilts. This building also
have windows with awnings that would give the
entire building good ventilation. The classrooms
in the building are linked together by veranda
located both at the front and rear part of the
building.

KAMALIG -the Tagalog term for a building used

for storing grain. This is considered to be the
most economically significant structure among
the tribes in Northern Philippines. In fact, the
kamalig is typically raised from the ground and
is being protected from rats and pests. In some
provinces, especially those in the lowland areas,
the bahay kubo or nipa hut can be used as a
form of kamalig. However, nowadays,
warehouses made with galvanize- iron sheets
and steel frames are built by the government for
storing grain bought from local farmers or from
other countries. The entrance of this huge long
building is located at the center of the long side.

MASJID- The masjid or mosque refers to a place

of worship of the Muslims. A typical Philippine
mosque has the following features: a tower
called minaret, a prayer niche called mihrab the
dome, arches that are reinforced with pillars,
and a pulpit called mimbar. However, the
mimbar is low compared to the mimbar in
African and Western Asian mosq

CEMETERY (SEMENTERYO) - place where people

bury the dead. It has other names, such as
kampo santo, pantyon, and libingan. A cemetery
had a small chapel and vaults or nichos
surrounding the chapel.