SECTION – A

1.

2.
3.

4.
5.

6.

7.
8.

9.

10.
11.

12.
13.

14.

15.

16.
17.

18.
 SECTION – B
19. (a) A large stone, initially at rest, falls from the top of a building. The stone takes 3.2 s to fall to the
ground. For this stone, air resistance can be ignored.

(i) Stating the formula that you use, show that the speed of the stone when it hits the ground
is 32 m / s.

[1]

(ii) On Fig. 1.1, draw the speed-time graph for the fall of the stone. Label with an X the line on the
graph.

(iii) Use the graph in (ii) to determine the height of the building.

height = ………………………………………… [2]

(i) A smaller stone than the stone in (a) falls from the same building. This stone is affected by air
resistance
Air resistance decreases. Air resistance is constant. Air resistance increases.
[1]

(ii) On Fig. 1.1, draw a possible speed-time graph for the fall of this stone. Label with a Y this line
on the graph.
[3]

[Total: 8]
20. The rocket shown in Fig. 2.1 is about to be launched.

The total mass of the rocket and its full load of fuel is 2.8 × 10 6 kg. The constant force provided by
the rocket’s motors is 3.2 × 107 N.

(a) Calculate

(i) the total weight of the rocket and the fuel,

weight = ……………………………………….. [1]

(ii) the resultant force acting on the rocket,

resultant force = ………………………………………. [2]

(iii) the vertical acceleration of the rocket immediately after lift-off.

acceleration = ………………………………………... [2]

(b) Suggest why the acceleration of the rocket increases as it rises above the Earth’s surface.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………............................................... [1]
21. (a) Complete the following statement.

An object is in equilibrium when both the ……………………………………………………………… and the

…………………………………………………… on the object are zero. [2]

(b) Fig. 3.1 shows a ladder AB. End A of the ladder rests against a vertical wall. End B rests on rough
ground.

Fig. 3.1 shows two of the forces acting on the ladder. The only force on the ladder at A is F, which acts at
right-angles to the wall. The weight of the ladder is 240 N acting at the centre of mass of the ladder.
(i) 1. Calculate the moment of the weight of the ladder about point B.

moment = ………………………………………… [1]

2. Write an expression, in terms of F, for the moment of F about point B.

moment = ………………………………………… [1]

(ii) Use your answers from (i) to calculate F.

F = ……………………………………………… [2]
(iii) Explain why there must be an upwards force acting on the ladder at B.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

[Total: 7]
22. A scientist finds that the temperature of the water at the bottom of waterfalls is greater than the
temperature of the water at the tops of those waterfalls.

(a) (i) State the type of energy that falling water has because of its motion.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... [1]

(ii) In one waterfall, the water falls 300 m.

Calculate the decrease in the gravitational potential energy (g.p.e.) of 1.0 kg of water as it falls
through this distance.

decrease in g.p.e = ……………………………………… [2]

[Total: 3]
23. (a) State the type of electromagnetic radiation

(i) used in luggage security checks at airports,

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(ii) used by remote controls for TV sets.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[2]

(b) The electromagnetic waves used in a microwave oven have a frequency of 2.45 × 109 Hz. The
speed of the waves is 3.00 × 108 m / s.

Calculate the wavelength of the waves.

wavelength = ……………………………………….. [2]

[Total: 4]
24. Fig. 6.1 shows a glass block ABCD surrounded by air. A ray of red light, PQ, is incident on face CD of
the block.

(a) On Fig. 6.1,

(i) draw the normal at Q and the refracted ray inside the block so that it meets face AB,

(ii) draw the ray emerging from face AB of the block and the normal where the ray emerges,

(iii) between the rays and the normals you have drawn, label two equal angles X.

[3]
(b) The angle of incidence of another red ray is 65°. The refractive index of the glass of block ABCD for
red light is 1.62.

(i) Calculate the angle of refraction in the glass for this ray.

angle = ………………………………………. [2]

(ii) The speed of light in air is 3.0 × 108 m / s.

Calculate the speed of the red light in the glass.

speed = …………………………………………… [2]

(c) For the same angle of incidence, the angle of refraction of red light in glass is greater than the angle
of refraction of violet light.

State the term which describes the separation of red and violet refracted rays in glass.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... [1]

[Total: 8]
25. In a famous experiment, a beam consisting of a very large number of α-particles was projected, in a
vacuum, at a very thin gold foil.

Fig. 11.1 shows the paths of three of the α-particles A, B and C travelling towards the foil.

α-particle A is travelling along a line which does not pass very close to a gold nucleus.
α-particle B is travelling along a line which passes close to a gold nucleus.
α-particle C is travelling directly towards a gold nucleus.

(a) Explain why an α-particle and a gold nucleus repel each other.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... [1]

(b) On Fig. 11.1, draw lines with arrows to show the continuation of the paths of α-particles A, B and C.
[3]

(c) State two conclusions, about gold atoms, which resulted from the experiment.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... [2]

[Total: 6]
 SECTION – C
26. A student is determining the mass of a metre rule by a balancing method.

He is using the apparatus shown in Fig. 1.1.

(a) He places the metre rule on the pivot and then places a mass M = 20 g with its centre at the
95.0 cm mark.

Suggest how he could ensure that the mass is placed accurately at the 95.0 cm mark. You
may draw a diagram.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

(b) Keeping the mass at the 95.0 cm mark, he adjusts the position of the metre rule on the pivot
until the metre rule is as near to being balanced as possible.

The student then determines the distance a between the 50.0 cm mark and the pivot and the
distance b between the 95.0 cm mark and the pivot.

He repeats the procedure for values of M = 40 g, 60 g, 80 g and 100 g. His results are shown in
Table 1.1.
 a
For each value of M, calculate and record in the table the value S, where S = .
b

(c) Plot a graph of S (y-axis) against M / g (x-axis).

[4]

(d) (i) Determine the gradient G of the graph. Show clearly on the graph how you obtained the
necessary information.

G = ………………………………………………[1]

1
(ii) The mass MR of the metre rule is numerically equal to .
G

Write down a value for MR to a suitable number of significant figures for this experiment.

MR = ………………………………………………g [1]
(e) Determination of MR by this method relies on the centre of mass of the rule being at the 50.0 cm
mark.

Suggest how you could use the apparatus to test whether this is the case. You may draw a
diagram.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

[Total: 9]