VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY,

BELAGAV1-590002

Internship at
GOVT. TOOL ROOM & TRAINING
CENTER HUBBALLI

Duration: 1 month (30-10-2023) to (30-10-2023)

Submitted by
PRASHANT N BEERANNAVAR 2RH22ME400

In the partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the

Bachelor Degree in Mechanical Engineering

Under the guidance of

Mr. Prakash S

R.T.E.SOCIETY’S
RURAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE , HULKOTI- 582201
 Certificate
This is to certify that Mr. PRASHANT N BEERANNAVAR bearing USN
2RH22ME400 has successfully completed his internship at Govt.
Tool Room & Training Centre, Hubballi for the duration of 1 month
i.e., from 30/10/2023 to 30/11/2023 for the specialization of Designer
of Mechanical and has gained enough knowledge that can enhance his
skills in the field of Mechanical Design Engineering in various
industries.

The report has been approved as it satisfies all academic

requirements in respect of internship as prescribed for the Degree in
Engineering.

Guide Principle

Mr. Prakash S Mr. Maruti Bhajantri

GTTC, GTTC,

Hubballi Hubballi
 Acknowledgement

I am highly indebted to Director Mr. PRASHANT N BEERANNAVAR IRPS and Principal

Mr. Maruti Bhajantri, for the facilities provided to accomplish this internship. I would like to
thank my Head of Department Mr. Maheshkumar Patil, for this constructive criticism throughout
my internship.

First, I would like to thank Mr. Prakash S the faculty of Govt Tool Room and Training Centre,
Hubballi for giving me an opportunity to do an internship within the organization. I also would
like all the people that worked along with me in GTTC with their patience and openness they
created an enjoyable working environment. It is indeed with a great sense of pleasure and
immense sense of gratitude that I acknowledge the help of these individuals.

I am grateful to my department staff members and friends who helped me in successful

completion of this internship.
 COMPANY PROFILE
GOVT.TOOL ROOM & TRAINING CENTER HUBBALLI

Company Name Government Tool Room and Training

Centre
Management Type Government
Business Type Manufacture & Training
Establish 2008
Nature of Business Training Centre
Director H. RAGHAVENDRA IRPS
Address Shed No. B-467 to 474, Industrial
Estate, Gokul Road, Taluk-Hubli
Email www.karunadu.gov.in/gttc
Phone 0836-2333158

Permanent Institute ID 1-465683671

Parent Organization GTTC
 VISION:

To emerge as an International Centre of Excellence in Training Production, R&D

and Consultancy Services related to Tooling & Precision Manufacturing –from
Concept to End Product.

MISSION:
To continuously improve the skills in training, develop innovative Process to optimize
Production using Latest Facilities/Methodologies. Trends, Techniques to meet all
Stake Holder Needs and be the Leader.

INTRODUCTION:

In plant training will provide an industrial exposure to the students as well as to

develop in the high-tech industrial requirements. Reputed companies are
providing in-plant training to students. In–plant Training refers to a program
which aims to provide supervised practical training with spiced timeframe. This
training can be carried out either in government organization or in private sector.

In-plant training is a programmer for graduates that gives them an opportunity

to exposure themselves in the real career world so as to they will learn how to
relate theoretical learning before and practical in work environment.

OBJECTIVES OF IN-PLANT TRAINING:

⮚ To get an industrial exposure.

⮚ To be aware of the happening in a practical industrial.

⮚ To achieve knowledge about different sectors in the market for making a choice

as to which go for.

⮚ To learn functioning and operations of different of departments in an organization.

⮚ To get knowledge about the working culture of the organization.

To have knowledge about the huge management practices and get the practical knowledge of

what we have studied.

DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPANY:

“It's precision that makes the world go round”
A premier Tool Room and Training Centre established in 1998 by the state Government
of Karnataka approved by AICTE. India with assistance of the Government of Denmark
has extensive facilities in Tool making and Training. Government tool and Training
Centre (GTTC) is a modern tool room and training center with state-of-art equipment,
machinery and inspection facilities to meet the complex needs of discerning customers.

GTTC is committed to achieve customer satisfaction in quality and delivery of tool education,
services and precision machining.

GTTC has acquired mastery in Tool Engineering and vast experience in conducting well
structured, practical oriented training programs leading to post graduation, diplomas and
certificates.

Realizing the need to update and upgrade the skills of existing technical personnel in
industry, GTTC conducts a number of short-term programs in tool design, advanced
manufacturing techniques, design analysis and programming for manufacture and other
aspect of manufacturing.
 INDEX
CHAPTER
1. GOVERNMENT TOOLS & TRAINING CENTRE
1.1 About Government Tool & Training Centre
1.2 Vision
1.3 Mission
1.4 Objectives

2. CREO FOR DESIGN

2.1 Introduction to Product design development
2.2 Introduction to CREO
2.3 Overview
2.4 Software and Features
2.5 Release History
2.6 Creo Parametric Sketcher Module

3. TWO DIMENTIONAL DRAWINGS

4. THREE DIMENSIONAL DRAWINGS

5. PART DESIGN
5.1 Part Modelling
5.2 Drafting
5.3 Part Assembly

6. GD&T

7. PROJECT
 CHAPTER 1
GOVERNMENT TOOL & TRAINING CENTER

1.1 About Government tool & Training Center

GTTC was established in 1972 at Bangalore with the participation of the Karnataka State
Government, in collaboration with the Government of Denmark under the Bilateral Development
Co-operation Agreement. The excellent performance of GTTC Bangalore, proactive Government
of Karnataka which saw the need for expansion, got second unit of GTTC started in 1992 with
DANIDA assistance.

Proliferation of technology for development of the industries with supply of skilled manpower
is the key to meet the needs of the global requirement. With this Government of Karnataka
encouraged GTTC to start 10 more sub-centers to train in the area of tool and die making in
various parts of Karnataka.

GTTC is an autonomous society, and a recognized Scientific and Research Organization by

the Government of India. Govt. Tool Room and Training Centre (GTTC), is serving industry by
way of precision tooling and providing in well trained craftsmen the area of tool and die making.

Today, the GTTC has acquired mastery in Mould and Die making technology and have
blossomed into an epitome of precision and quality in the development and manufacture of
sophisticated moulds, dies and tools.

Fully aware of the rapid advancement in technology the world over, the GTTC is periodically
adding new technologies to the existing set of advanced equipment like CAD / CAM, CNC
machines for tooling, Precision Components, Laser for Industries, Rapid prototyping, vacuum
casting etc.

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 GTTC is concentrating on the Integrated Development of the related segments of industries
by way of providing international quality tools, trained personnel and consultancy in tooling and
related areas. In future, the focus would be more on turnkey projects in Tooling, Aerospace
components & their assemblies, and also to support the development of small and medium scale
enterprises.

Vision

To emerge as an International Centre of Excellence in Training production, R & D and

Consultancy Services related to Manufacturing Technology – from Concept to End
Product

Mission

To continuously improve the skills in Training, Develop Innovative Process to Optimize Product
ionization using Latest Facilities / Methodologies, Trends, Techniques to Meet all Stake Holder
Needs and be the Leader.

Objectives

• To conduct Industry Oriented Technical Training Programs to youth with Employable

skills.
• To assist MSME units in Technological upgrading by providing quality tools.
• To provide highly Skilled Work force to existing and emerging Industries

Achievements:

• Rover wheels for chandrayana projects

• Hydraulic system line replacement units like Shuttle Valves, Non-Return values sampling
valves for LCA Aircraft (Tejas).
• Import substitution of precision components for packaging industries.
• Prototype Laparoscopic Surgical tools.
• Design & Development of precision tooling for medical application.
• Reverse engineering components and developments of parts for import substitutions.
• Fuel system line replacement units like inward/outward relief valves, two piston flap
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 valves for LCA Aircraft (Tejas).

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 • Environmental control system like Primary heat exchanger, secondary heat exchanger,
Reheater heat exchanger, Gimbal assembly with venture and Gimbal Joints for LCA
Aircraft (Tejas).
• Aircraft mounted accessories gear box (AMAGB) for LCA Aircraft (Tejas).
• Fire Extinguisher bottle for LCA Aircraft (Tejas).
• Flow switch assembly for LCA Aircraft (Tejas).
• Camera mounting fixture for HAL.
• Parking Brake fixture for M/s. Toyota Kirloskar.
• Fins for NAL.

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 2.1 Introduction to Product design development
Product design is the process of ideating, developing, and refining products that meet specific
market needs and solve user problems. A product designer helps create products that delight
customers by defining product and business goals, and anticipating market opportunities and user
needs. Product design is about optimizing the function of the product, service or experience and
making sure it's designed around a customer's needs.

Design - Creo is the 3D CAD solution that helps you accelerate product innovation to build
better products faster. Easy to learn, Creo uses a model-based approach to seamlessly take you
from the earliest phases of product design to manufacturing, and beyond.

Design cycle - The product development cycle is the process of taking a product from an idea
through its market release and beyond. This cycle involves many departments in a company:
product managers, developers, designers, QA testers, and others.

Engineering Drawing - Engineering drawings are used to communicate design ideas and
technical information to engineers and other professionals throughout the design process. An
engineering drawing represents a complex three-dimensional object on a two-dimensional piece
of paper or computer screen by a process called.

Drawing excesize on book - Repeatedly draw a particular shape or form (complete in 1 minute)
This is often an ideal exercise to start with as it's the simplest. It's a good way to get the muscles
in your hand ready and establish some confidence.

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 CHAPTER 2
CREO FOR DESIGN

2.1 Introduction to CREO

Creo is a family of Computer-aided design (CAD) apps supporting product design for discrete
manufacturers developed by PTC.

Creo runs on Microsoft Windows and provides software for 3D CAD parametric feature solid
modeling, 3D direct modeling, 2D orthographic views, Finite Element Analysis and simulation,
schematic design, technical illustrations, and viewing and visualization. Creo can also be paired
with the Mastercam machining-based software.

2.2 Overview

Creo Elements (formerly Pro/Engineer), PTC's parametric, integrated 3D CAD/CAM/CAE

solution, is used by manufacturers for mechanical engineering, design and manufacturing.

Pro/Engineer was the industry's first rule-based constraint (sometimes called "parametric" or
"variational") 3D CAD modeling system.[3] The parametric modeling approach uses parameters,
dimensions, features, and relationships to capture intended model behavior. This design approach
can be family-based or platform-driven, where the strategy is to use engineering constraints and
relationships to quickly optimize the design, or where the resulting geometry may be complex or
based upon equations. Creo Elements provides a complete set of design, analysis and
manufacturing capabilities on one, integral, scalable platform. These required capabilities
include Solid Modeling, Surfacing, Rendering, Data Interoperability, Routed Systems Design,
Simulation, Tolerance Analysis, and NC and Tooling Design.

Creo Elements can be used to create a complete 3D digital model of manufactured goods. The
models consist of 2D and 3D solid model data which can also be used downstream in finite
element analysis, rapid prototyping, tooling design, and CNC manufacturing. All data are
associative and interchangeable between the CAD, CAE and CAM modules without conversion.
A product and its entire bill of materials (BOM) can be modeled accurately with fully associative
engineering drawings, and revision control information. The associativity functionality in Creo
Elements enables users to make changes in the design at any time during the product

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development process

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and automatically update the end products. This capability enables concurrent engineering –
design, analysis and manufacturing engineers working in parallel – and streamlines product

development processes.

2.3 Software and Features

Certainly! Creo is a 3D computer-aided design (CAD) software developed by PTC (Parametric

Technology Corporation). It's used for product design, engineering, and manufacturing
processes. Creo offers a wide range of features and capabilities, including:

1. Parametric Modeling: Creo uses parametric modeling, allowing you to create 3D models that
are defined by parameters. This means you can easily make design changes by adjusting
these parameters.

2. Direct Modeling: In addition to parametric modeling, Creo also supports direct modeling,
which is useful for making quick changes to models without worrying about the underlying
parametric constraints.

3. Assembly Design: You can create complex assemblies of parts in Creo, defining
relationships and constraints between components.

4. Sheet Metal Design: Creo offers tools for designing sheet metal components, including the
ability to create flat patterns.

5. Surface Modeling: Surface modeling capabilities are available for creating complex,
freeform shapes.

6. Rendering and Visualization: Creo includes rendering tools to create realistic images of your
designs. It also supports various visualization options.

7. Simulations: You can perform simulations for structural analysis, thermal analysis, and
motion analysis to validate your designs.

8. 2D Drafting: Creo provides comprehensive 2D drafting and detailing capabilities.

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9. Parametric Sketching: You can create 2D sketches that serve as the foundation for 3D
models, and these sketches can be fully parametric.

10. Additive Manufacturing: Creo supports 3D printing and additive manufacturing processes.

11. Collaboration Tools: Collaboration features allow multiple team members to work on a
project simultaneously and share design data.

12. Data Management: Creo offers data management tools to keep track of design revisions and
manage large design datasets.

13. Customization: It's highly customizable, allowing you to create custom templates, libraries,
and extensions.

14. Integration: Creo can integrate with other software tools and systems, such as PLM (Product
Lifecycle Management) systems.

15. Industry-Specific Modules: PTC offers industry-specific modules for areas like automotive,
aerospace, and more.

16. 2.3 Release History

VERSION RELEASE DATE

CREO 1.0 6 January 2011

CREO 2.0 27 March 2012

CREO 3.0 17 March 2014

CREO 4.0 15 December 2016

CREO 5.0 19 March 2018

CREO 6.0 19 March 2019

CREO 7.0 14 April 2020

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CREO 9.0 4 May 2022

2.4 Creo Parametric Sketcher Module

The Creo Parametric Sketcher module is a fundamental component of PTC's Creo Parametric
software, which is a leading 3D CAD (Computer-Aided Design) software used for product
design and engineering. The Sketcher module is where you create 2D sketches that serve as the
foundation for creating 3D models in the software. Here are some key features and functions of
the Creo Parametric Sketcher module:

1. 2D Sketching Environment: The Sketcher module provides a dedicated environment for

creating 2D sketches. This is where you define the basic shapes and dimensions that will
eventually form your 3D models.
2. Sketching Tools: Creo Parametric offers a wide range of sketching tools, including lines,
arcs, circles, rectangles, and more. These tools allow you to create precise and complex
2D shapes.
3. Constraints: One of the key features of Creo Parametric's Sketcher module is the ability
to apply geometric and dimensional constraints to your sketches. Constraints ensure that
your sketches maintain their intended shape and relationships, even when you make
changes.
4. Dimensions: You can add precise dimensions to your sketches, defining the size and
position of various elements. These dimensions are fully parametric, meaning you can
easily modify them to update your sketch.

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 5. Sketch Plane: You select a plane or surface within your 3D model where you want to
create the 2D sketch. This allows you to sketch on different planes to create complex 3D
shapes.
6. Dynamic Sketching: Creo Parametric supports dynamic sketching, which means you can
create and edit sketches interactively. As you draw, the software will suggest constraints
and dimensions to help you maintain design intent.
7. Instant Feedback: The Sketcher module provides real-time feedback on the validity of
your sketches, highlighting any errors or conflicting constraints that need to be resolved.
8. Sketch References: You can reference existing geometry and sketches within the same
model or from external references to ensure accuracy and consistency in your designs.
9. Sketch Profiles: Sketch profiles are the closed loops or regions within your sketch. These
profiles are used to create features like extrusions, cuts, and sweeps in the 3D model.
10. Sketch Editing: You can easily edit and modify sketches at any point in the design
process, and the changes will propagate to the associated 3D features.
11. Sketch Visualization: The Sketcher module provides tools for hiding or displaying sketch
geometry, making it easier to work with complex designs.

The Creo Parametric Sketcher module plays a crucial role in the creation of parametric 3D
models. It allows engineers and designers to define the initial shape and size of their designs
before adding additional 3D features and constraints. This approach helps maintain design intent
and allows for efficient design modifications as needed throughout the product development
process.

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 CHAPTER 3
2D SKETCH

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 CHAPTER 4
3D DRAWINGS

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 CHAPTER 5
Part Design
5.1 Part Modelling

The feature-based parametric modelling technique enables the designer to incorporate the
original design intent into the construction of the model. The word parametric means the
geometric definitions of the design, such as dimensions, can be varied at any time in the design
process. Parametric modelling is accomplished by identifying and creating the key features of the
design with the aid of computer software. The design variables, described in the sketches and
features, can be used to quickly modify/update the design. In Creo Parametric, the parametric
part modelling process involves the following steps:

1. Set up Units and Basic Datum Geometry.

2. Determine the type of the base feature, the first solid feature, of the design. Note that
Extrude, Revolve, or Sweep operations are the most common types of base features.

3. Create a rough two-dimensional sketch of the basic shape of the base feature of the design.

4. Apply/modify constraints and dimensions to the two-dimensional sketch.

5. Transform the two-dimensional parametric sketch into a 3D feature.

6. Add additional parametric features by identifying feature relations and complete the design.

7. Perform analyses/simulations, such as finite element analysis (FEA) or cutter path generation
(CNC), on the computer model and refine the design as needed.

8. Document the design by creating the desired 2D/3D draw.

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5.2 Drafting

Drafting in the context of CAD (Computer-Aided Design) refers to the process of creating
detailed 2D drawings or technical documentation from 3D models or sketches. These 2D
drawings are essential for communicating design specifications, dimensions, and other critical
information to manufacturing, assembly, and quality control teams. Here's how drafting works in
CAD, including how it's typically done in Creo Parametric:

1. Accessing Drafting Tools: In Creo Parametric or any CAD software, you typically switch from
3D modeling to drafting mode. In Creo, this is called "Drawing Mode" or "Detailing Mode."

2. Creating Drawing Views: In the drafting environment, you begin by creating views of your 3D
model. Common types of views include:

Orthographic Views: These are front, top, right, and other views that show the object from
different angles.

Isometric Views: These views show the 3D object from an angle and are useful for illustrating
complex shapes.

Section Views: These views cut the object to reveal its internal

features. Detail Views: These zoom in on specific areas of interest.

Auxiliary Views: These show an inclined or oblique surface in true size and shape.

1.Adding Annotations: Annotations include dimensions, notes, labels, and symbols. You can add
these to convey information such as sizes, tolerances, and materials.

Dimensions are typically added using tools like dimension lines, leaders, and text annotations.
Geometric Tolerancing: You can use geometric tolerancing symbols to specify tolerances for
features like holes, slots, and profiles. Creo Parametric offers a range of symbols for this
purpose.

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Bill of Materials (BOM): If you're creating a drawing for an assembly, you can include a bill of
materials that lists all the components and their quantities.

4. Title Block and Borders: Every drawing typically includes a title block that contains
information about the project, part number, revision, and other metadata.

5. Hatching and Shading: For section views or other areas where material properties need to
be represented, you can add hatching or shading.

6. View Scale and Sheet Layout: You specify the scale at which each view should be
displayed on the sheet. You can also arrange multiple views on a single sheet as needed.

7. Layers and Line Styles: CAD software like Creo allows you to control the appearance of
lines and objects using layers and line styles. This helps you organize and format your drawing.

8. Checking and Validation: Before finalizing a drawing, it's crucial to review it for
accuracy and completeness. CAD software often includes tools for checking dimensions and
other annotations against the 3D model.

9. Printing and Exporting: Once your drawing is complete, you can print it or export it to a
digital format such as PDF for sharing with team members, manufacturers, or clients.

Drafting is a critical part of the product development process, ensuring that design intent is
accurately communicated and that parts can be manufactured and assembled correctly. In Creo
Parametric and similar CAD software, the drafting environment is a dedicated space for creating
these essential 2D representations of 3D models.

5.3 Assembly

Creating assemblies in CAD software like Creo Parametric is essential for designing complex
products or systems composed of multiple parts. Assemblies allow you to define how

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individua components fit together, their relationships, and how they move or interact. Here's how
to create an assembly in Creo Parametric:

1. Start a New Assembly: Open Creo Parametric and begin a new assembly by selecting "File"
> "New" > "Assembly."
2. Set the Assembly Name and Location: Provide a name for your assembly file and specify
where it should be saved.
3. Assemble Components: To assemble components into your assembly, you can use
various methods, including:

Insert Component: Use this option to insert existing part files into your assembly.

Create Component: If you need to create new parts within the assembly, you can use this
option to design them directly in the context of the assembly.

4.Position and Orient Components: Once you've added components to your assembly, you can
position and orient them relative to one another. Common assembly tools in Creo include:

Mate: This tool allows you to define relationships between components, such as coincident,
parallel, concentric, and distance constraints.

Align: Use this tool to align components by selecting specific edges or faces to align with
each other.

Assemble: This tool allows you to drag and drop components into position and automatically
adds constraints based on the interaction.

5.Constraints and Degrees of Freedom: As you assemble components, Creo Parametric will
calculate the degrees of freedom (DOF) for your assembly. DOF represents the number of
independent movements a component can have. Constraints are added to limit DOF and ensure
the assembly behaves as intended.

6.Define Motion and Animation (if applicable): If your assembly involves moving parts, you can
define motion using mechanisms and create animations to visualize how the components
interact.

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1. Check for Interference and Clearance: Creo Parametric can perform interference checks
to ensure that components do not overlap or collide when the assembly is in motion.

2. Bill of Materials (BOM): You can create a bill of materials that lists all the components
used in the assembly, their quantities, and other relevant information.

3. Save and Manage Versions: Save your assembly file, and if necessary, manage different
versions or revisions of the assembly using data management tools.

4. Visualization and Rendering: You can apply materials, appearances, and lighting to the
assembly to create realistic visualizations and renderings.

5. Analysis (if needed): Perform analyses such as interference analysis, motion analysis, or
structural analysis to validate the assembly's functionality.

6. Documentation: Create 2D drawings and documentation that communicate how to

manufacture and assemble the product.

13.Export and Sharing: Export the assembly in various formats for collaboration with team
members, suppliers, or clients.

Creating assemblies in Creo Parametric allows you to model complex real-world products, from
automobiles and machinery to consumer electronics and more. Properly defining relationships
and constraints between components ensures that your assembly behaves as expected, and it's a
key part of the product design and development process.

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 ASSEMBLY OF UNIVERSAL COUPLING

ASSEMBLY OF SCREW JACK

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Drafting-
Drafting, also spelled droughting, also called engineering drawing, graphical representation
of structures, machines, and their component parts that communicates the engineering intent of a
technical design to the craftsman or worker who makes the product. Drafting is the process of
creating your assignment. The Drafting phase of the Writing Process can take up quite a bit of
time, and includes other elements of the writing process such as editing/revision, and peer
review.

The second step of the writing process involves drafting. During drafting, the writer puts his
ideas into complete thoughts, such as sentences and paragraphs. The writer organizes his ideas in
a way that allows the reader to understand his message.

What are the different drafting tools

 Pencil.
 Drafting board.
 T-square.
 Drafting machine.
 French Curves.
 Rulers.
 Compass.
 Templates.
In the field of architecture and engineering, design is the process with which ideas are
transformed into life. Drafting, on the other hand, is defined as the technique of creating a
technical drawing, be it in two-dimensional or three-dimensional. At the design stage, both
freehand and mechanical drawings serve the functions of inspiring and guiding the designer
and of communicating among the designer, collaborators, production department, and
marketing or management personnel. At this stage exact mechanical drawings can clarify,
confirm, or disqualify a scheme that looked promising in a freehand sketch. Actually, both
the sketch and the exact mechanical drawing are essential parts of the process of designing,
and both belong to the field of drafting. After the basic design has been established, drafting
skills aid in the development and transmission of the wealth of data necessary for the
production and assembly of the part.

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 CHAPTER 6
GD&T

Certainly, let's discuss Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) in more detail.

GD&T is a symbolic language used in engineering and manufacturing to communicate precise

specifications for the design and production of mechanical parts and assemblies. It allows
engineers, designers, and manufacturers to convey information about the size, shape, orientation,
and location of features on a part. Here are some key aspects of GD&T:

1. Symbols and Notations: GD&T uses a set of standardized symbols and notations to represent
different geometric controls. These symbols include position, profile, concentricity, circularity,
and many others. Each symbol has a specific meaning and application.

2. Datums: In GD&T, datums are reference points, lines, or planes that establish a coordinate
system for measuring the features of a part. They are used to define the relationship and
tolerance zones for other features on the part.

3. Tolerance Zones: GD&T defines tolerance zones around part features to indicate the allowable
variation in size, form, and orientation. These tolerance zones are represented using symbols like
concentricity, parallelism, and perpendicularity.

4. True Position: True position is a critical GD&T control that specifies the exact location of a
feature relative to a datum. It combines both positional tolerance and concentricity or symmetry
to define the allowable deviation from the ideal location.

5. Profile of a Surface: This control specifies the shape and location of a feature's surface within a
tolerance zone. It's often used to control the overall form of a part, ensuring it fits and functions
correctly with other parts.

6. Benefits of GD&T: GD&T offers several advantages, including improved part

interchangeability, reduced scrap and rework, clearer communication between designers and
manufacturers, and the ability to specify complex part geometries accurately.

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7. Standardization: The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) publishes the Y14.5
standard, which provides guidelines and rules for using GD&T. Following this standard ensures
consistency and accuracy in GD&T applications.

8. Training and Certification: Many professionals in engineering and manufacturing undergo

GD&T training and certification to become proficient in interpreting and applying GD&T
principles.

GD&T is essential in industries where precision and quality control are paramount, such as
aerospace, automotive, and medical device manufacturing. It helps ensure that parts and
assemblies are manufactured to meet the intended design and functional requirements, reducing
errors and improving product quality.

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 CHAPTER 7
PROJECT: Assembly of
Jet Engine.

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 PARTS OF JET ENGINE :-

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 DRAFT.

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 ABOUT JET ENGINE :-

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