Accord University Knowledge & Vision

FACTORS AFFECTING SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT BY OIL

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE MASTER OF MASTER OF

ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE FROM ACCORD UNIVERSITY - SOMALIA

DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE

SUPERVISOR:

PROF DR FELICETTA IOVINO

SUBMITTED BY

ABDI SAME KEYNAN

Feb, 2022
 ABSTRACT

Supply chain management (SCM) has received in recent years a great deal of attention by
researchers and practitioners. The oil industry works as a global supply chain involving
exploration, material handling, domestic and international transportation, use of technology, and
so on. The industry offers a strong model for implementing supply chain management (SCM)
techniques. The purpose of this study is to establish factors affecting supply chain management
by oil companies in Somalia. The study was be guided by the following specific objectives: To
assess effect of constrained infrastructure on supply chain management by oil marketing
companies, to establish the effect of price control on supply chain management by oil marketing
companies, to determine the effect of open tender system on supply chain management by oil
marketing companies and to determine the effect of advance payment of taxes on supply chain
management by oil marketing companies. The research design to be used for this study was be a
descriptive design. The target population of this study be all the employees in the oil companies
in Somalia. There are 6 oil marketing companies with an estimated total of 500 employees. A
sample size of 150 employees was taken. Data was collected by use of a questionnaire. Data was
analyzed mainly by use of descriptive and inferential statistics.
Background

Supply chain management (SCM) has received in recent years a great deal of attention by

researchers and practitioners. Effective SCM was lead to a lowering of the total amount of

resources required to provide the necessary level of customer service to a specific segment and

improving customer service through increased product availability and reduced order cycle time

(Banomyong&Supatn, 2011); engage in information exchange (forecasting techniques, inventory

management, delivery) and structural collaboration (just-in-time system, outsourcing, vendor-

managed inventory and co-locating plants) (Henry & Barro, 2009; Raja, Mazlan & Ali,
2006); relationships with downstream supply chain partners to create end-customer value (Iyer,

2011) and maximize benefits and minimize costs along the supply chain (Chima, 2007). Thus,

the nature of SCM becomes visible to participating companies with successful implementation in

the ever-changing global environment of the business world, risks abound and it greatly affects

the decision making processes of the business management. According to Jain, Wadhwa and

Deshmukh (2009), a supply chain is a dynamic process and involves the constant flow of

information, materials, and funds across multiple functional areas both within and between chain

members. Members in the chain need to cooperate with their business partners in order to meet

customer’s needs and to maximize their profit. However, it is a very difficult task in managing

the multiple collaborations in a supply chain because there are so many firms involved in the

supply chain operations with its own resources and objectives. The interdependence of

multistage processes also requires real-time operation and decision making across different tasks,

functional areas, and organizational boundaries in order to deal with problems and uncertainties.

Problem Statement

In the oil industry, the supply-chain network is composed of shipping via vessel, oil tankers, and

pipelines that may run across multiple countries. This network is used to transport crude from

wellhead to refinery for processing, to transport intermediates between multi-site refining

facilities, and to transport finished products from product storage tanks to distribution centers

and finally to the customers. Any disruptions arising in the global supply chain can have

tremendous adverse effects in achieving operational efficiency, maintaining quality, profitability,

and customer satisfaction. A large number of manufacturing companies have failed and closed

after incurring a lot of losses (Lockström& Malhotra, 2017). Poor financial performance is a

frequent problem among manufacturing companies in Mogadishu Somalia. Peter indicated that
most manufacturing companies die within their first five years of existence; a smaller percentage

goes into extinction between the sixth and tenth year while only about five to ten percent

survive, thrive and grow to maturity. The result of such poor financial performance is claimed to

be due to not using the appropriate techniques of managing businesses. Manufacturing

companies suffer difficulty in accessing appropriate technology, skills, financing, business

information and land.

These constraints make it difficult for Manufacturing companies in Mogadishu Somalia to

develop their productive capacities, maximize their sales and contribute to sustainable financial

growth. The manufacturing organizations on several occasions have registered low performance

levels coupled with low levels of profitability, reduced sales, increased procurement cycle time

and general procurement multifunction that have affected the performance of the companies

( Ministry of trade report, 2017) furthermore the state of the performance of the companies is

vested with risks in supply with supply risks of transportation and spoilage of the materials or

goods being registered, with all these occurring, no one knows what could be explaining this

revelation.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

DATA ANALYSIS

This chapter sets out various stages and phases that were followed in completing the study. It

involves a blueprint for the collection, measurement and analysis of data. In this stage, most

decisions about how research was be executed and how respondents was be approached, as well

as when, where and how the research was completed. Therefore, in this section the research

identifies the procedures and techniques that was used in the collection, processing and analysis

of data.
 Conclusions
Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the oil marketing companies consider constrained
infrastructure to be an important factor in ensuring an efficient and effective supply chain
management system of oil.
The study showed that the management information systems of the oil marketing companies
were reliable and that the storage facilities of the organization were adequate to support their
supply chain.
The results indicated that price controls have a significant impact on the efficiency of the SCM
system among the oil marketing firms.
The study established that countries with price controls adjust prices monthly and that the
removal of price controls had not improved oil marketing performance. Price controls had
positively affected supply chain management and the storage of the oil products. Price control
had also affected the transportation and the cost structure of supply chain management. This
clearly shows that price controls are an important factor in determining the efficiency of SCM.
Procurement of oil products. Supply Chain Management is crucial to operational effectiveness of
the oil firms and the organization’s goals must be geared towards achievement of operational
effectiveness.

Recommendations

This study therefore confirms that oil marketing firms like all the other modern firms are faced
with the challenges beyond their control, thus these firms should therefore realize that all efforts
including investment in the implementation and use of the SCM strategies need to be geared
towards gaining and maintaining competitiveness in the global market place.
As per the outcome the research study recommends that business entities should implement the

findings so to bring together all the stakeholders and the government into one single platform

where the client and other stakeholders can be able to work together effectively .this will help

firms in achieving the aim of the study as established by the study.

consultant's companion.Huizen, the Netherlands: Van Kessel.

Bacon, R. (2001). Petroleum Taxes. Viewpoint Note 240. http://rru.

worldbank.org/Documents/PublicPolicyJournal/240Bacon-831.pdf.Banomyong, R. and

Supatn, N. (2011). Developing a supply chain performance tool for SMEs in Thailand,

Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, Vol.16, No.1, pp 20-31.

Barr, N. (2004). Economics of the welfare state. New York, Oxford University Press (USA)

Burns, A. & Groove, B. (2003). The Practice of Nursing Research: Conduct, critique &

utilization. 4th edition. W. B. Saunders Company

Business Daily (2009). Nation Newspapers, ‘ERC formula for fuel prices raises queries’,

Mungai Kihanya, 4th March

Chima, A. (2007).Supply chain management issues in the oil and gas industry, Journal of

Business and Economics Research, Vol.5, No.6, pp 27-36.

Defee, E. and Fugate, J. (2010) .Changing perspective of capabilities in the dynamic supply

chain era, The International Journal of Logistics Management, Vol.21, No.2, pp 180-206.

Grant, D., Lambert, D., Stock, J., &Ellram, L. (2006). Fundamentals of Logistics Management,

European Edn. Berkshire: McGraw-Hill Book Co.

Henry, K and Barro, F. (2009). Stakeholder theory and dynamics in supply chain collaboration,

International Journal of Operations and Production Management, Vol.29, No.6, pp

591611.

Hyndman, R. J. (2008). Encouraging Replication and Reproducible Research. International