MSNGOCLAN LANGUAGE ACADEMY - Chuyên luyện thi THCS, THPT, Thi Đại Học, IELTS

See Further. Reach Higher. Shine Brighter

CS1: Số 174 Xã Đàn 2, Q Đống Đa, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
CS2: Số 92A phố Cửa Bắc, Q Ba Đình, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
CS3: Số 30 ngõ 203 Kim Ngưu, Q Hai Bà Trưng, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086

MOCK TEST 19 - READING

PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.
How to Spot a liar
A. However much we may abhor it, deception comes naturally to all living things (1). Birds do it by feigning
injury to lead hungry predators away from nesting young. Spider crabs do it by disguise: adorning themselves
with strips of kelp and other debris, they pretend to be something they are not – and so escape their enemies.
Nature amply rewards successful deceivers by allowing them to survive long enough to mate and reproduce.
So it may come as no surprise to learn that human beings - who, according to psychologist Gerald Johnson
of the University of South California, or lied to about 200 times a day, roughly one untruth every 5 minutes
often deceive for exactly the same reasons: to save their own skins or to get something they can’t get
by other means (2).

B. But knowing how to catch deceit can be just as important a survival skill as knowing how to tell a lie
and get away with it (4). A person able to spot falsehood quickly is unlikely to be swindled by an
unscrupulous business associate or hoodwinked by a devious spouse. Luckily, nature provides more than
enough clues to trap dissemblers in their own tangled webs - if you know where to look. By closely
observing facial expressions, body language and tone of voice, practically anyone can recognise the tell-
tale signs of lying (6). Researchers are even programming computers – like those used on Lie Detector to
get at the truth by analysing the same physical cues available to the naked eye and ear. “With the proper
training, many people can learn to reliably detect lies,” says Paul Ekman, professor of psychology at the
University of California, San Francisco, who has spent the past 15 years studying the secret art of deception.

C. In order to know what kind of lies work best, successful liars need to accurately assess other people’s
emotional states (5). Ackman’s research shows that this same emotional intelligence is essential for good lie
detectors, too. The emotional state to watch out for is stress, the conflict most liars feel between the truth and
what they actually say and do.

D. Even high-tech lie detectors don’t detect lies as such; they merely detect the physical cues of emotions,
which may or may not correspond to what the person being tested is saying. Polygraphs, for instance,
measure respiration, heart rate and skin conductivity, which tend to increase when people are nervous – as
they usually are when lying.

Success is most often achieved by those who don’t know that

failure is inevitable. – Coco Chanel
 MSNGOCLAN LANGUAGE ACADEMY - Chuyên luyện thi THCS, THPT, Thi Đại Học, IELTS
See Further. Reach Higher. Shine Brighter
CS1: Số 174 Xã Đàn 2, Q Đống Đa, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
CS2: Số 92A phố Cửa Bắc, Q Ba Đình, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
CS3: Số 30 ngõ 203 Kim Ngưu, Q Hai Bà Trưng, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086

E. Nervous people typically perspire, and the salts contained in perspiration conducts electricity. That’s why
sudden leap in skin conductivity indicates nervousness about getting caught, perhaps which makes, in turn,
suggest that someone is being economical with the truth. On the other hand, it might also mean that the
lights in the television. Studio are too hot which is one reason polygraph tests are inadmissible in court
(7). “Good lie detectors don’t rely on a single thing” says Ekma, but interpret clusters of verbal and non-
verbal clues that suggest someone might be lying.”

F. The clues are written all over the face. Because the musculature of the face is directly connected to the areas
of the brain that processes emotion, the countenance can be a window to the soul. Neurological studies even
suggest that genuine emotions travel different pathways through the brain than insincere ones. If a patient
paralyzed by a stroke on one side of the face, for example, is asked to smile deliberately, only the mobile
side of the mouth is raised. But tell that same person a funny joke, and the patient breaks into a full and
spontaneous smile(8). Very few people most notably, actors and politicians are able to consciously
control all of their facial expressions (9). Lies can often be caught when the liars true feelings briefly leak
through the mask of deception. We don’t think before we feel, Ekman says. “Expressions tend to show up on
the face before we’re even conscious of experiencing an emotion.”

G. One of the most difficult facial expressions to fake or conceal, if it’s genuinely felt - is sadness. When someone
is truly sad, the forehead wrinkles with grief and the inner corners of the eyebrows are pulled up
(10).Fewer than 15% of the people Ekman tested were able to produce this eyebrow movement voluntarily.
By contrast, the lowering of the eyebrows associated with an angry scowl can be replicated at will but
almost everybody (11). “ If someone claims they are sad and the inner corners of their eyebrows don’t
go up, Ekmam says, the sadness is probably false (13).”

H. The smile, on the other hand, is one of the easiest facial expressions to counterfeit. It takes just two muscles -
the zygomaticus major muscles that extend from the cheekbones to the corners of the lips to produce a grin.
But there’s a catch. A genuine smile affects not only the corners of the lips but also the orbicularis oculi,
the muscle around the eye that produces the distinctive “crow’s feet” associated with people who laugh
a lot (12). A counterfeit grin can be unmasked if the corners of the lips go up, the eyes crinkle, but the inner
corners of the eyebrows are not lowered, a movement controlled by the orbicularis oculi that is difficult to
fake. The absence of lowered eyebrows is one reason why the smile looks so strained and stiff.

Question 1 – 5
Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage?
In boxes 1 – 5 on your answer sheet, write:

Success is most often achieved by those who don’t know that

failure is inevitable. – Coco Chanel
 MSNGOCLAN LANGUAGE ACADEMY - Chuyên luyện thi THCS, THPT, Thi Đại Học, IELTS
See Further. Reach Higher. Shine Brighter
CS1: Số 174 Xã Đàn 2, Q Đống Đa, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
CS2: Số 92A phố Cửa Bắc, Q Ba Đình, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
CS3: Số 30 ngõ 203 Kim Ngưu, Q Hai Bà Trưng, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086

YES if the statement agrees with the information

NO if the statement contradicts with the information
1. All living animals can lie
Đáp án: Yes (A + 1)
Key Words: Living animals, can lie
Thông tin: However much we may abhor it, deception comes naturally to all living things. Dù chúng
ta có ghét cay ghét đắng nó, sự dối trá xảy ra một cách tự nhiên ở tất cả các loài (trong đó có đoạn văn
đã liệt kê một số ví dụ trong đoạn A)
All living animals = All living things, lie = deception (sự dối trá) Đáp án đúng là Yes.
2. Some people tell lies for self-preservation.
Đáp án: Yes (A - 2)
Keywords: Tell lies, self-preservation
Thông tin: …often deceive for exactly the same reasons: to save their own skins or to get something they
can’t get by other means Họ thường nói dối với những lý do giống nhau: Để bảo vệ chính mình hoặc
chiếm đoạt những thứ họ không có bằng các cách khác
Ở đây, save their own skins = self-preservation một số người thường nói dối để bảo toàn bản thân Đáp
án đúng là Yes.
3. Scientists have used computers to analyze which part of the brain is responsible for telling lies. (Chú ý đọc
kỹ, không bị lừa bởi những keywords xuất hiện trong bài đọc)
Đáp án: Not given
Keywords: Scientists, computers, analyze, part of the brain, responsible for telling lies.
Ở đoạn B có nhắc đến programming computers để analyze physical cues Không phải là part of brain như
đề bài nhắc tới.
4. Lying as a survival skill is more important than detecting a lie.
Đáp án: No (B +1)
Keywords: Lying, survival skill, more important, detecting a lie
Thông tin: But knowing how to catch deceit can be just as important a survival skill as knowing how to
tell a lie and get away with it ⇒ Biết cách để tìm ra sự dối trá là một kỹ năng sinh tồn quan trọng như
biết cách nói dối và thoát khỏi nó. Ta thấy detecting a lie = catch a deceit, nhưng đề bài cho rằng nói
dối có thể xem là một kỹ năng sống sót quan trọng hơn tìm ra lời nói dối (khác với câu trong bài đọc)
Đáp án là No.
5. To be a good liar, one has to understand other people's emotions.
Đáp án: Yes (C + 1)
Keywords: good liar, understand, people emotions

Success is most often achieved by those who don’t know that

failure is inevitable. – Coco Chanel
 MSNGOCLAN LANGUAGE ACADEMY - Chuyên luyện thi THCS, THPT, Thi Đại Học, IELTS
See Further. Reach Higher. Shine Brighter
CS1: Số 174 Xã Đàn 2, Q Đống Đa, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
CS2: Số 92A phố Cửa Bắc, Q Ba Đình, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
CS3: Số 30 ngõ 203 Kim Ngưu, Q Hai Bà Trưng, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086

Thông tin: In order to know what kind of Lies work best, successful liars need to accurately assess other
people’s emotional states để biết được lời nói dối nào có tác dụng nhất, một người nói dối giỏi cần đánh
giá chính xác cung bậc cảm xúc của người khác Cùng nghĩa với câu đề bài đưa ra.
Good liar = Successful liar, accurately assess other people’s emotional state = understand other people’s
emotions.

Questions 6 – 9
Choose the correct letter A, B, C or D
Write your answers in boxes 6-9
6. How does the lie detector work?
A. It detects whether one's emotional state is stable.
B. It detects one’s brain activity level.
C. It detects body behavior during one's verbal response.
D. It analyses one's verbal response word by word.
Đáp án: C (B + 3)
Keywords: Lie detector work
Thông tin: Luckily, nature provides more than enough clues to trap dissemblers in their own tangled
webs- if you know where to look. By closely observing facial expressions, body language and tone of
voice, practically anyone can recognise the tell-tale signs of lying ⇒ chúng ta có thể phát hiện ra ai đang
nói dối khi quan sát kỹ biểu cảm khuôn mặt, ngôn ngữ cơ thể và tông giọng,… Ở đáp án, chỉ có C nhắc
tới analyze body behavior trong khi họ nói dối ⇒ Đáp án C đúng.
7. Lie detectors can't be used as evidence in a court of law because
A. Lights often cause lie detectors to malfunction.
B. They are based on too many verbal and non-verbal clues.
C. Polygraph tests are often inaccurate.
D. There may be many causes of certain body behavior.
Đáp án: D (E - 3)
Keywords: Lie detector, evidence, court of law
Thông tin: Studio are too hot which is one reason polygraph tests are inadmissible in court phòng quá
nóng, đó là 1 trong những lý do máy phát hiện nói dối không được cho phép tại toà ⇒ Có nghĩa là sẽ
có 1 số lý do làm ảnh hưởng đến sự chính xác của của máy đó, ví dụ như trong phòng quá nóng Ảnh
hưởng đến behavior của người bị tra khảo ⇒ D đúng (Có thể sẽ có nhiều nguyên do tác động đến một
số hành vi của cơ thể.
8. Why does the author mention the paralyzed patients?
A. To demonstrate how a paralyzed patient smiles

Success is most often achieved by those who don’t know that

failure is inevitable. – Coco Chanel
 MSNGOCLAN LANGUAGE ACADEMY - Chuyên luyện thi THCS, THPT, Thi Đại Học, IELTS
See Further. Reach Higher. Shine Brighter
CS1: Số 174 Xã Đàn 2, Q Đống Đa, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
CS2: Số 92A phố Cửa Bắc, Q Ba Đình, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
CS3: Số 30 ngõ 203 Kim Ngưu, Q Hai Bà Trưng, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086

B. To show the relation between true emotions and body behavior

C. To examine how they were paralyze
D. To show the importance of happiness from recovery
Đáp án: B (F + 3)
Thông tin: If a patient paralyzed by a stroke on one side of the face, for example, is asked to smile
deliberately, only the mobile side of the mouth is raised. But tell that same person a funny joke, and
the patient breaks into a full and spontaneous smile Nếu một bệnh nhân bị liệt nửa mặt, nếu bảo anh
ấy cười 1 cách tự do, chỉ có bên còn lại di chuyển, nhưng nếu kể cho anh ta 1 câu chuyện cười, anh ấy
sẽ cười 1 cách tự nhiên và mãn nguyện Cho thấy cảm xúc sẽ tác động vào hành vi của chúng ta như
thế nào Đáp án B (mối quan hệ giữa cảm xúc thật và hành vi)

9. The author uses politicians to exemplify that they can

A. Have emotions.
B. Imitate actors.
C. Detect other people's lives.
D. Mask their true feelings.
Đáp án: D (F - 4)
Thông tin: Very few people most notably, actors and politicians are able to consciously control all of
their facial expressions Rất ít người, tiêu biểu là diễn viên và chính trị gia họ có thể kiểm soát được
biểu cảm của họ Đáp án D đúng (lấy politicians làm ví dụ cho việc họ có thể che dấu cảm xúc của họ
(một phần của kiểm soát biểu cảm))

Question 10 - 13
Write correct letters A, B, C or D in boxes 10 – 13
Classify the following facial traits are referring to
A. Sadness
B. Anger
C. Happiness
10. Inner corners of eyebrows raised
Đáp án: A (G + 1)
Keywords: Inner corners, eyebrows raised
Thông tin: When someone is truly sad, the forehead wrinkles with grief and the inner corners of the
eyebrows are pulled up Khi một người thực sự buồn, trán của họ sẽ nhăn lại và khoé trong của lông
mày rướn lên các biểu hiện trong câu nói về sự buồn bã.
Raise = pull up

11. The whole eyebrows lowered

Success is most often achieved by those who don’t know that

failure is inevitable. – Coco Chanel
 MSNGOCLAN LANGUAGE ACADEMY - Chuyên luyện thi THCS, THPT, Thi Đại Học, IELTS
See Further. Reach Higher. Shine Brighter
CS1: Số 174 Xã Đàn 2, Q Đống Đa, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
CS2: Số 92A phố Cửa Bắc, Q Ba Đình, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
CS3: Số 30 ngõ 203 Kim Ngưu, Q Hai Bà Trưng, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086

Đáp án: B (G -3)

Keywords: Whole eyebrows, lowered
Thông tin: By contrast, the lowering of the eyebrows associated with an angry scowl can be
replicated at will but almost everybody Việc hạ lông mày với vẻ mặt cau có giận dữ có thể tìm thấy ở
tất cả mọi người việc hạ lông mày xuống là thể hiện cho sự giận dữ Đáp án là B

12. Lines formed around

Đáp án: C (H + 3)
Keywords: Lines, formed around
Thông tin: …. the muscle around the eye that produces the distinctive “crow’s feet” associated with
people who laugh a lot … cơ quanh mắt tạo ra "vết chân chim" đặc biệt liên quan đến những người
cười nhiều Nhắc đến các đường được hình thành xung quanh mắt Đáp án C

13. Lines form above eyebrows

Đáp án: A (G - 2)
Keywords: lines, form above eyebrows
Thông tin: If someone claims they are sad and the inner corners of their eyebrows don’t go up,
Ekman says, the sadness is probably false khi họ cho rằng họ đang buồn và phần trong lông mày của
họ không rướn lên thì sự buồn bã đấy không phải sự thật Có nghĩa khi có đường hình thành ở trên
lông mày là người đang buồn Đáp án A

GLOSSARY
New words Part of Definition
speech

Abhor (v) Ghê tởm, ghét cay ghét đắng

/əb'hɔ:(r)/

Deception = Falsehood = Counterfeit (n) Sự dối trá, sự lừa dối, lừa gạt Lừa dối, lừa gjat, lừa
Deceive = counterfeit (v) đảo
/di'sepʃn/ /ˈfɒls.hʊd/ /'kauntəfit/
Spot falsehood (phr): phát hiện ra sự
giả dối

Save their own skin (phr) Bảo vệ mình khỏi khó khăn, nguy hiểm

Get away with (phr v) Thoát khỏi cái gì

To be swindled by (phr v) Bị lừa dối bởi

/ˈswɪn.dəl/

Success is most often achieved by those who don’t know that

failure is inevitable. – Coco Chanel
 MSNGOCLAN LANGUAGE ACADEMY - Chuyên luyện thi THCS, THPT, Thi Đại Học, IELTS
See Further. Reach Higher. Shine Brighter
CS1: Số 174 Xã Đàn 2, Q Đống Đa, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
CS2: Số 92A phố Cửa Bắc, Q Ba Đình, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
CS3: Số 30 ngõ 203 Kim Ngưu, Q Hai Bà Trưng, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086

Unscrupulous business (phr) Kinh doanh vô đạo đức

/ʌnˈskruː.pjə.ləs/

A window to the soul (phr) Cửa sổ tâm hồn

To be paralyzed by (phr) Bị tê liệt bởi

Countenance (n) Sắc mặt, diện mạo

/ˈkaʊn.tən.əns/

Stiff /stɪf/ (adj) Cứng (cơ mặt), cứng nhắc

TIPS:

● Có những câu người đọc sẽ phải đọc hiểu và suy luận (trong bài là dạng Multiple choice) để tìm được
đáp án chính xác chứ không phải chỉ dựa vào tìm những từ đồng nghĩa và câu trả lời ngay trong bài
đọc.
● Trong dạng True/False/Not given or Yes/No/Not Given ⇒ Cũng có trường hợp câu trả lời không có
keywords mà sử dụng từ đồng nghĩa. Not given không có nghĩa là không có từ nào trong câu hỏi, vì
vậy cần cẩn thận để tránh nhầm lẫn.

PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Question 14 – 27, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.
The Study of Chimpanzee Culture
A. After studying the similarities between chimpanzees and humans for years, researchers have recognised these
resemblances run much deeper than anyone first thought in the latest decade. For instance, the nut cracking
observed in the Tai Forest is not a simple chimpanzee behaviour, but a separate adaptation found only in that
particular part of Africa, as well as a trait which is considered to be an expression of chimpanzee culture by
biologists. These researchers frequently quote the word ‘culture’ to describe elementary animal behaviours,
like the regional dialects of different species of songbirds, but it turns out that the rich and varied cultural
traditions chimpanzees enjoyed rank secondly in complexity only to human traditions.

B. During the past two years, the major research group which studies chimpanzees collaborated unprecedentedly
and documented some distinct cultural patterns, ranging from animals’ use of tools to their forms of
communication and social customs. This emerging picture of chimpanzees affects how human beings ponder
upon these amazing creatures. Also, it alters our conception of human uniqueness and shows us the
extraordinary ability of our ancient ancestors to create cultures.

Success is most often achieved by those who don’t know that

failure is inevitable. – Coco Chanel
 MSNGOCLAN LANGUAGE ACADEMY - Chuyên luyện thi THCS, THPT, Thi Đại Học, IELTS
See Further. Reach Higher. Shine Brighter
CS1: Số 174 Xã Đàn 2, Q Đống Đa, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
CS2: Số 92A phố Cửa Bắc, Q Ba Đình, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
CS3: Số 30 ngõ 203 Kim Ngưu, Q Hai Bà Trưng, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086

C. Although we know that Homo sapiens and Pan Troglodytes have coexisted for hundreds of millennia
and their genetic similarities surpass 98 per cent, we still knew next to nothing about chimpanzee
behaviour in the wild until 40 years ago (20). All this began to change in the 1960s when Toshisada Nishida
of Kyoto University in Japan and renowned British primatologist Jane Goodall launched their studies of
wild chimpanzees at two field sites in Tanzania (24). (Goodall’s research station at Gombe—the first of its
kind—is more famous, but Nishida’s site at Mahale is the second oldest chimpanzee research site in the
world.)

D. During these primary studies, as the chimpanzees became more and more accustomed to close
observation (25), the remarkable discoveries emerged. Researchers witnessed a variety of unexpected
behaviours, ranging from fashioning and using tools, hunting, meat eating, food sharing to lethal fights
between members of neighbouring communities (21).

E. In 1973, 13 forms of tool use and 8 social activities which appeared to differ between the Gombe
chimpanzees and chimpanzee species elsewhere were recorded by Goodall. She speculated that some
variations shared what she referred to as a ‘cultural origin’ (26). But what exactly did Goodall mean by
‘culture’? According to the Oxford Encyclopedic English Dictionary, culture is defined as ‘the customs’ and
achievements of a particular time or people.’ The diversity of human cultures extends from technological
variations to marriage rituals, from culinary habits to myths and legends. Of course, animals do not have
myths and legends, but they do share the capacity to pass on behavioural traits from one generation to
another, not through their genes but via learning (22). From biologists’ view, this is the fundamental
criterion for a cultural trait—something can be learnt by observing the established skills of others and then
passed on to following generations.

F. What are the implications for chimpanzees themselves? We must place a high value upon the tragic loss of
chimpanzees, who are decimated just when finally we are coming to appreciate these astonishing animals
more completely. The population of chimpanzees has plummeted and continued to fall due to illegal trapping,
logging and, most recently, the bushmeat trade within the past century. The latter is particularly alarming
because logging has driven roadways, which are now used to ship wild animal meat—including chimpanzee
meat to consumers as far afield as Europe, into forests. Such destruction threatens not only the animals
themselves but also a host of fascinatingly different ape culture.

G. However, the cultural richness of the ape may contribute to its salvation. For example, the conservation
efforts have already altered the attitudes of some local people (18). After several organisations showed
videotapes illustrating the cognitive prowess of chimpanzees, one Zairian viewer was heard to exclaim,
“Ah, this ape is so like me, I can no longer eat him” (18).

H. How did an international team of chimpanzee experts perform the most comprehensive survey of the animals
ever attempted? Although scientists have been delving into chimpanzee culture for several decades (23),
sometimes their studies contained a fatal defect. So far, most attempts to document cultural diversity

Success is most often achieved by those who don’t know that

failure is inevitable. – Coco Chanel
 MSNGOCLAN LANGUAGE ACADEMY - Chuyên luyện thi THCS, THPT, Thi Đại Học, IELTS
See Further. Reach Higher. Shine Brighter
CS1: Số 174 Xã Đàn 2, Q Đống Đa, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
CS2: Số 92A phố Cửa Bắc, Q Ba Đình, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
CS3: Số 30 ngõ 203 Kim Ngưu, Q Hai Bà Trưng, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086

among chimpanzees have solely relied upon officially published accounts (23) of the behaviours
reported at each research site (14).

I. But this approach probably neglects a good deal of cultural variation for three reasons. First, scientists
normally don’t publish an extensive list of all the activities they do not see at a particular location (16).
Yet this is the very information we need to know—which behaviours were and were not observed at each
site. Second, there are many reports describing chimpanzee behaviours without expressing how
common they are (16); without this information, we can’t determine whether a particular action was a
transient phenomenon or a routine event that should be considered part of its culture. Finally, researchers’
description of potentially significant chimpanzee behaviours often lacks sufficient detail (16), which
makes it difficult for scientists from other spots to report the presence or absence of the activities.

J. To tackle these problems, my colleague and I determined to take a new approach (15). We asked field
researchers at each site to list all the behaviours which they suspected were local traditions. With this
information, we assembled a comprehensive list of 65 candidates for cultural behaviours.

K. Then we distributed our list to team leaders at each site. They consulted with their colleagues and classified
each behaviour regarding its occurrence or absence in the chimpanzee community (17). The major
brackets contained customary behaviour (occurs in most or all of the able-bodied members of at least one age
or sex class, such as all adult males), habitual (less common than customary but occurs repeatedly in several
individuals), present (observed at the site but not habitual), absent (never seen), and unknown.

Question 14 -18
The reading passage has eleven paragraphs, A – K.
Which paragraphs contain the following information?
Write the correct letter, A – K, in boxes 14 – 18 on your answer sheet.

14. An approach to research on chimpanzees culture that is only based on official sources.
Đáp án: H (H -3)
Thông tin: So far, most attempts to document cultural diversity among chimpanzees have solely
relied upon officially published accounts ⇒ Ta thấy “research on chimpanzees culture” (nghiên cứu
về văn hoá của chimpanzee) = “document cultural diversity among chimpanzees” (tài liệu về sự đa
dạng văn hoá của chimpanzee); only based on official sources = solely relied upon officially published
accounts ⇒ Cả câu hỏi và câu trong bài đều nhắc đến việc các nghiên cứu về culture của chimpanzee
chỉ dựa vào nguồn chính thức ⇒ Đáp án là H
15. Mention of a new system designed by two scientists who aim to solve the problem.
Đáp án: J (J + 1)

Success is most often achieved by those who don’t know that

failure is inevitable. – Coco Chanel
 MSNGOCLAN LANGUAGE ACADEMY - Chuyên luyện thi THCS, THPT, Thi Đại Học, IELTS
See Further. Reach Higher. Shine Brighter
CS1: Số 174 Xã Đàn 2, Q Đống Đa, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
CS2: Số 92A phố Cửa Bắc, Q Ba Đình, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
CS3: Số 30 ngõ 203 Kim Ngưu, Q Hai Bà Trưng, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086

Thông tin: To tackle these problems, my colleague and I determined to take a new approach ⇒ Cả
câu hỏi và câu trong bài đều nhắc đến việc có 2 nhà khoa học thực hiện 1 dự án mới để giải quyết vấn
đề,
⇒A new system = a new approach, solve the problem = tackle these problem, my colleague and
I = 2 scientists
16. Reasons why previous research on chimpanzee culture is problematic.
Đáp án: I (I + 1 + 4 - 3)
Thông tin: Đoạn I có nhắc đến 3 lý do cho việc cách tiếp cận trước đó có thể bỏ qua rất nhiều sự biến
đổi văn hóa (problematic = neglects a good deal of cultural variation), thứ nhất, they don’t publish an
extensive list of all the activities, thứ 2, many reports describing chimpanzee behaviours without
expressing how common they are, cuối cùng, họ often lacks sufficient detail ⇒ Đáp án là I
17. New classification of data observed or collected.
Đáp án: K (K +1)
Thông tin: They consulted with their colleagues and classified each behaviour regarding its
occurrence or absence in the chimpanzee community ⇒ Những nhà khoa học tham khảo với nhau và
phân loại từng hành vi liên quan đến sự xuất hiện hoặc vắng mặt của nó trong cộng đồng tinh tinh ⇒
Bằng nghĩa với câu hỏi ⇒ những sự phân loại mới những dữ liệu được quan sát hoặc thu thập.
18. An example showing that the tragic outcome of animals leads to an indication of a change in local
people’s attitude in the preservation.
Đáp án: G (G +1)
Thông tin: For example, the conservation efforts have already altered the attitudes of some local
people
⇒ “Những nỗ lực bảo tồn đã làm thay đổi thái độ của 1 số người dân địa phương” ⇒ bằng nghĩa với
câu đề bài - kết cục bi thảm của động vật (được nhắc đến ở đoạn F) có thể dẫn đến sự thay đổi thái
độ của người dân địa phương trong việc bảo tồn.
⇒lead to an indication of a change = have already altered, preservation = conservation

Question 19 - 23
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading passage 2?
In boxes 19 - 23 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement is true
FALSE if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage

10

Success is most often achieved by those who don’t know that

failure is inevitable. – Coco Chanel
 MSNGOCLAN LANGUAGE ACADEMY - Chuyên luyện thi THCS, THPT, Thi Đại Học, IELTS
See Further. Reach Higher. Shine Brighter
CS1: Số 174 Xã Đàn 2, Q Đống Đa, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
CS2: Số 92A phố Cửa Bắc, Q Ba Đình, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
CS3: Số 30 ngõ 203 Kim Ngưu, Q Hai Bà Trưng, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086

19. The research found that scientists can make chimpanzees possess the same complex culture as human
beings.
Đáp án: Not given
Không có thông tin về việc các nhà khoa học có thể khiến tinh tinh sở hữu nền văn hóa phức tạp giống
như con người ⇒ Chú ý yếu tố distracting trong đoạn A có nhắc đến việc văn hoá của chimpanzee phức
tạp thứ hai trong các loài sau con người.
20. Humans and apes lived together a long time ago and shared most of their genetic substance.
Đáp án: True (C +1)
Thông tin: Although we know that Homo sapiens and Pan Troglodytes have coexisted for hundreds
of millennia and their genetic similarities surpass 98 per cent ⇒ Homo Sapiens và Pan Troglodytes (tên
khoa học của người và vượn) cùng tồn tại hàng trăm thiên niên kỷ và sự tương đồng về mặt di truyền
của chúng vượt quá 98% ⇒ Cùng nghĩa với câu trên đề bài
⇒ Humans and apes = Homo sapiens and Pan Troglodytes; lived together = coexisted, shared
most of their genetic substance = genetic similarities surpass 98 per cent
21. Even Toshida Nishida and Jane Goodall’s beginning studies observed many suprising features of civilized
behaviors among chimpanzees.
Đáp án: True (D + 2)
Thông tin: Researchers witnessed a variety of unexpected behaviours, ranging from fashioning and
using tools, hunting, meat eating, food sharing to lethal fights between members of neighbouring
communities ⇒ Trong đoạn D nhắc tới những khám phá đáng chú ý của 2 nhà nghiên cứu được nhắc
đến trong đề bài
⇒ Observed = witnessed, suprising feature of civilized behavior = a variety of unexpected
behaviours
22. Chimpanzees, like humans, have the ability to deliver cultural behaviors mostly from genetic inheritance.
Đáp án: False (E - 5)
Thông tin: Of course, animals do not have myths and legends, but they do share the capacity to pass
on behavioural traits from one generation to another, not through their genes but via learning ⇒ bài
đọc nói về việc animals không giống như con người, chúng truyền cho nhau những hành vi không phải
qua gen mà thông qua học tập ⇒ Khác với nghĩa đề bài đưa ra ⇒ False
⇒ Ability to deliver cultural behaviors = The capacity to pass on behavioural traits, genetic
inheritance = through their gene
23. For decades, researchers have investigated chimpanzees by data obtained from both unobserved and
observed approaches.
Đáp án: False (C - 4)

11

Success is most often achieved by those who don’t know that

failure is inevitable. – Coco Chanel
 MSNGOCLAN LANGUAGE ACADEMY - Chuyên luyện thi THCS, THPT, Thi Đại Học, IELTS
See Further. Reach Higher. Shine Brighter
CS1: Số 174 Xã Đàn 2, Q Đống Đa, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
CS2: Số 92A phố Cửa Bắc, Q Ba Đình, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
CS3: Số 30 ngõ 203 Kim Ngưu, Q Hai Bà Trưng, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086

Thông tin: Although scientists have been delving into chimpanzee culture for several decades,... solely
relied upon officially published accounts of the behaviours reported at each research site ⇒ những
scientist mặc dù đã nghiên cứu loài này trong vài thập kỷ, những nghiên cứu này chỉ dựa trên những
hành vi được report ở địa điểm nghiên cứu ⇒ Chỉ có data được observed, không có data unobserved
⇒ Đáp án là False.
⇒For decades = several decades, investigated = delving into

Questions 24-26
Answer the question below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from a passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 24 – 26 on your answer sheet.

Which country is the researching site of Toshida Nishida and Jane Goodall?
24. …Tanzania….. (C - 4)
Thông tin: Launched their studies of wild chimpanzees at two field sites in Tanzania ⇒ Họ thực hiện
nghiên cứu ở 2 địa điểm ở Tanzania
⇒ the researching site = studies of wild chimpanzees at two field sites
What did the chimpanzee have to get used to in the initial study?
25.. ……Close observation…….. (D + 1)
Thông tin: During these primary studies, as the chimpanzees became more and more accustomed to
close observation ⇒ Chimpanzees trở nên quen thuộc hơn với sự quan sát gần ⇒ cùng nghĩa với câu
của đề bài ⇒ get used to = accustomed to, initial study = primary studies

What term can be used to depict that Jane Goodall found the chimpanzees in different regions used the
different tools in 1973?
26.. …Culture origin……… (E + 1)
Thông tin: In 1973, 13 forms of tool use and 8 social activities,... variations shared what she referred
to as a ‘cultural origin’ ⇒ 13 dạng dụng cụ được sử dụng và 8 hoạt động xã hội được cô ấy cho là
“cultural origin”
⇒ 13 forms of tool = used the different tools

GLOSSARY
New words Part of speech Definition

12

Success is most often achieved by those who don’t know that

failure is inevitable. – Coco Chanel
 MSNGOCLAN LANGUAGE ACADEMY - Chuyên luyện thi THCS, THPT, Thi Đại Học, IELTS
See Further. Reach Higher. Shine Brighter
CS1: Số 174 Xã Đàn 2, Q Đống Đa, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
CS2: Số 92A phố Cửa Bắc, Q Ba Đình, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
CS3: Số 30 ngõ 203 Kim Ngưu, Q Hai Bà Trưng, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086

Distinct cultural patterns phr Những mẫu văn hoá riêng biệt
/ˈpætənz/

Ponder upon phr v Suy ngẫm về

/ˈpɒndə/

Accustomed to phr v Quen thuộc với

/əˈkʌstəmd/

Culinary habits phr Thói quen ẩm thực

/ˈkʌlɪnərɪ/

pass on phr v Truyền lại cho

Tragic loss phr Mất mát bi thảm

/ˈtræʤɪk/

Comprehensive survey phr Khảo sát toàn diện

/ˌkɒmprɪˈhensɪv/

Delving into phr v Tìm tòi, nghiên cứu

/ˈdelvɪŋ/

Tackle problem phr Giải quyết vấn đề

Consulted with phr Tham khảo ý kiến với

/kənˈsʌltɪd/

TIPS

Dạng Matching Information nên được làm cuối cùng, vì khi đó bạn đã nắm được bố cục của toàn bài khi làm các
câu trước đó.

READING PASSAGE 3
You should spend about 20 minutes on Question 28 – 40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.
Section A
Music is one of the human species' relatively few universal abilities. Without formal training, any
individual, from Stone Age tribesman to suburban teenager, has the ability to recognise music and, in some
fashion, to make it. Why this should be so is a mystery. After all, music isn't necessary for getting

13

Success is most often achieved by those who don’t know that

failure is inevitable. – Coco Chanel
 MSNGOCLAN LANGUAGE ACADEMY - Chuyên luyện thi THCS, THPT, Thi Đại Học, IELTS
See Further. Reach Higher. Shine Brighter
CS1: Số 174 Xã Đàn 2, Q Đống Đa, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
CS2: Số 92A phố Cửa Bắc, Q Ba Đình, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
CS3: Số 30 ngõ 203 Kim Ngưu, Q Hai Bà Trưng, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086

through the day, and if it aids in reproduction, it does so only in highly indirect ways. Language, by
contrast, is also everywhere - but for reasons that are more obvious (27). With language, you and the
members of your tribe can organise a migration across Africa, build reed boats and cross the seas, and
communicate at night even when you can't see each other. Modern culture, in all its technological
extravagance, springs directly from the human talent for manipulating symbols and syntax.

Scientists have always been intrigued by the connection between music and language. Yet over the years,
words and melody have acquired a vastly different status in the lab and the seminar room. While language
has long been considered essential to unlocking the mechanisms of human intelligence, music is
generally treated as an evolutionary frippery - mere "auditory cheesecake", as the Harvard cognitive
scientist Steven Pinker puts it (32).

Section B
But thanks to a decade-long wave of neuroscience research, that tune is changing. A flurry of recent
publications suggests that language and music may equally be able to tell us who we are and where we're
from - not just emotionally, but biologically. In July, the journal Nature Neuroscience devoted a special
issue to the topic. And in an article in the 6 August issue of the Journal of Neuroscience, David Schwartz,
Catherine Howe, and Dale Purves of Duke University argued that the sounds of music and the sounds
of language are intricately connected (35).

To grasp the originality of this idea, it's necessary to realise two things about how music has traditionally
been understood. First, musicologists have long emphasised that while each culture stamps a special
identity onto its music, music itself has some universal qualities (33). For example, in virtually all
cultures, sound is divided into some or all of the 12 intervals that make up the chromatic scale -that is, the
scale represented by the keys on a piano. For centuries, observers have attributed this preference for certain
combinations of tones to the mathematical properties of sound itself.

Some 2,500 years ago, Pythagoras was the first to note a direct relationship between the
harmoniousness of a tone combination and the physical dimensions of the object that produced it
(28). For example, a plucked string will always play an octave lower than a similar string half its size, and a
fifth lower than a similar string two-thirds its length. This link between simple ratios and harmony has
influenced music theory ever since.

Section C
This music-is-math idea is often accompanied by the notion that music, formally speaking at least, exists
apart from the world in which it was created. Writing recently in The New York Review of Books, pianist
and critic Charles Rosen discussed the long-standing notion that while painting and sculpture reproduce at
least some aspects of the natural world, and writing describes thoughts and feelings we are all familiar with,
music is entirely abstracted from the world in which we live. Neither idea is right, according to David
Schwartz and his colleagues. Human musical preferences are fundamentally shaped not by elegant

14

Success is most often achieved by those who don’t know that

failure is inevitable. – Coco Chanel
 MSNGOCLAN LANGUAGE ACADEMY - Chuyên luyện thi THCS, THPT, Thi Đại Học, IELTS
See Further. Reach Higher. Shine Brighter
CS1: Số 174 Xã Đàn 2, Q Đống Đa, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
CS2: Số 92A phố Cửa Bắc, Q Ba Đình, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
CS3: Số 30 ngõ 203 Kim Ngưu, Q Hai Bà Trưng, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086

algorithms or ratios but by the messy sounds of real life, and of speech in particular – which in turn is
shaped by our evolutionary heritage. "The explanation of music, like the explanation of any product of the
mind, must be rooted in biology, not in numbers per se," says Schwartz.

Schwartz, Howe, and Purves analysed a vast selection of speech sounds from a variety of languages to
reveal the underlying patterns common to all utterances (29). In order to focus only on the raw sounds,
they discarded all theories about speech and meaning, and sliced sentences into random bites. Using a
database of over 100,000 brief segments of speech, they noted which frequency had the greatest emphasis
in each sound. The resulting set of frequencies, they discovered, corresponded closely to the chromatic
scale. In short, the building blocks of music are to be found in speech.

Far from being abstract, music presents a strange analogue to the patterns created by the sounds of speech.
"Music, like visual arts, is rooted in our experience of the natural world," says Schwartz. "It emulates our
sound environment in the way that visual arts emulate the visual environment". In music, we hear the echo
of our basic sound-making instrument - the vocal tract. The explanation for human music is simpler still
than Pythagoras's mathematical equations: We like the sounds that are familiar to us - specifically, we like
the sounds that remind us of us.

This brings up some chicken-or-egg evolutionary questions. It may be that music imitates speech directly,
the researchers say, in which case it would seem that language evolved first. It's also conceivable that music
came first and language is in effect an imitation of song - that in everyday speech we hit the musical notes
we especially like. Alternatively, it may be that music imitates the general products of the human sound-
making system, which just happens to be mostly speech. "We can't know this," says Schwartz. "What we do
know is that they both come from the same system, and it is this that shapes our preferences."

Section D
Schwartz's study also casts light on the long-running question of whether animals understand or appreciate
music. Despite the apparent abundance of "music" in the natural world - birdsong, whale song, wolf
howls, synchronised chimpanzee hooting - previous studies have found that many laboratory animals
don't show a great affinity for the human variety of music making (30).

Marc Hauser and Josh McDermott of Harvard argued in the July issue of Nature Neuroscience that
animals don't create or perceive music the way we do (36). The fact that laboratory monkeys can show
recognition of human tunes is evidence, they say, of shared general features of the auditory system, not any
specific chimpanzee musical ability. As for birds, those most musical beasts, they generally recognise their
own tunes - a narrow repertoire - but don't generate novel melodies like we do. There are no avian Mozarts.

But what's been played to animals, Schwartz notes, is human music. If animals evolve preferences for
sound as we do - based upon the soundscape in which they live - then their "music" would be
fundamentally different from ours. In the same way, our scales derive from human utterances, a cat's idea of

15

Success is most often achieved by those who don’t know that

failure is inevitable. – Coco Chanel
 MSNGOCLAN LANGUAGE ACADEMY - Chuyên luyện thi THCS, THPT, Thi Đại Học, IELTS
See Further. Reach Higher. Shine Brighter
CS1: Số 174 Xã Đàn 2, Q Đống Đa, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
CS2: Số 92A phố Cửa Bắc, Q Ba Đình, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
CS3: Số 30 ngõ 203 Kim Ngưu, Q Hai Bà Trưng, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086

a good tune would derive from yowls and meows. To demonstrate that animals don't appreciate sound the
way we do, we'd need evidence that they don't respond to "music" constructed from their own sound
environment.

Section E
No matter how the connection between language and music is parsed, what is apparent is that our sense
of music, even our love for it, is as deeply rooted in our biology and in our brains as language is (31).
This is most obvious with babies, says Sandra Trehub at the University of Toronto, who also published a
paper in the Nature Neuroscience special issue.

For babies, music and speech are on a continuum. Mothers use musical speech to "regulate infants'
emotional states", Trehub says. Regardless of what language they speak, the voice all mothers use with
babies is the same: "something between speech and song". This kind of communication "puts the baby in a
trancelike state, which may proceed to sleep or extended periods of rapture". So if the babies of the world
could understand the latest research on language and music, they probably wouldn't be very surprised. The
upshot, says Trehub, is that music may be even more of a necessity than we realise (38).

Questions 27 - 31
Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number i-viii in boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet.
27. Section A
Đáp án: iii
Thông tin: After all, music isn't necessary for getting through the day, and if it aids in reproduction,
it does so only in highly indirect ways. Language, by contrast, is also everywhere - but for reasons
that are more obvious ⇒ Âm nhạc không cần thiết để sử dụng trong 1 ngày, ngược lại ngôn ngữ có ở
khắp mọi nơi ⇒ cho thấy sự đối lập và trái ngược của âm nhạc và ngôn ngữ ⇒ Đáp án iii
28. Section B
Đáp án: vii
Thông tin: Some 2,500 years ago, Pythagoras was the first to note a direct relationship between the
harmoniousness of a tone combination and the physical dimensions of the object that produced it ⇒
Nói về học thuyết vào 2500 năm trước của Pythagoras
Historical = 2500 years ago
29. Section C
Đáp án: iv
Thông tin: Schwartz, Howe, and Purves analysed a vast selection of speech sounds from a
variety of languages to reveal the underlying patterns common to all utterances ⇒ phân tích
một loạt các âm thanh nói từ nhiều ngôn ngữ khác nhau để khám phá ra các khuôn mẫu cơ bản phổ
biến cho tất cả các lời nói ⇒ Đây là những phân tích về âm nhạc của Schwartz, Howe, and Purves.
30. Section D
Đáp án: i

16

Success is most often achieved by those who don’t know that

failure is inevitable. – Coco Chanel
 MSNGOCLAN LANGUAGE ACADEMY - Chuyên luyện thi THCS, THPT, Thi Đại Học, IELTS
See Further. Reach Higher. Shine Brighter
CS1: Số 174 Xã Đàn 2, Q Đống Đa, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
CS2: Số 92A phố Cửa Bắc, Q Ba Đình, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
CS3: Số 30 ngõ 203 Kim Ngưu, Q Hai Bà Trưng, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086

Thông tin: animals don't show a great affinity for the human variety of music making ⇒ Động vật
không cho thấy sự ham thích tạo ra âm nhạc như con người ⇒ Đoạn D có nhắc đến động vật và việc
giao tiếp trong âm nhạc của động vật.
31. Section E
Đáp án: viii
Thông tin: what is apparent is that our sense of music, even our love for it, is as deeply rooted in our
biology and in our brains as language is ⇒ điều rõ ràng là cảm giác âm nhạc của chúng ta, thậm chí
là tình yêu của chúng ta đối với nó, đều bắt nguồn sâu xa từ sinh học và trong não của chúng ta như
ngôn ngữ ⇒ thông tin cho rằng chúng ta được tạo ra gắn liền với âm nhạc có sẵn ở trong gen ⇒ Khớp
với câu viii trong list heading.

List of Headings
i. Communication in music with animals
ii. New discoveries on animal music
iii. Music and language contrasted
iv. Current research on music
v. Music is beneficial for infants.
vi. Music transcends cultures.
vii. Look back at some of the historical theories
viii. Are we genetically designed for music?

Questions 32-38
Look at the following people (Questions 32-38) and the list of statements below.
Match each person with the correct statement.
Write the correct letter A-G in boxes 32-38 on your answer sheet.

32. Steven Pinker

Đáp án: F
Thông tin: While language has long been considered essential to unlocking the mechanisms of human
intelligence, music is generally treated as an evolutionary frippery - mere "auditory cheesecake", as
the Harvard cognitive scientist Steven Pinker puts it Steven Pinker cho rằng ngôn ngữ được coi là
thiết yếu (essential) còn âm nhạc thường được coi là thứ trang trí rẻ tiền của tạo hoá âm nhạc và
ngôn ngữ có sự khác nhau về mức độ yêu thích nghiên cứu, nhà khoa học coi trọng ngôn ngữ hơn.

33. Musicologists
Đáp án: B
Thông tin: musicologists have long emphasised that while each culture stamps a special identity onto
its music, music itself has some universal qualities Các nhà nghiên cứu âm nhạc từ lâu đã nhấn
mạnh rằng trong khi mỗi nền văn hoá đánh dấu đặc biệt vào âm nhạc (cultural influences on it =

17

Success is most often achieved by those who don’t know that

failure is inevitable. – Coco Chanel
 MSNGOCLAN LANGUAGE ACADEMY - Chuyên luyện thi THCS, THPT, Thi Đại Học, IELTS
See Further. Reach Higher. Shine Brighter
CS1: Số 174 Xã Đàn 2, Q Đống Đa, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
CS2: Số 92A phố Cửa Bắc, Q Ba Đình, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
CS3: Số 30 ngõ 203 Kim Ngưu, Q Hai Bà Trưng, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086

culture stamps a special identity onto) thì bản thân âm nhạc cũng có 1 số phẩm chất phổ quát
(universal character = universal qualities) cùng nghĩa với câu B

34. Greek philosopher Pythagoras

Đáp án: E
Thông tin: Pythagoras was the first to note a direct relationship between the harmoniousness of a
tone combination and the physical dimensions of the object that produced it Pythagoras là người đầu
tiên ghi nhận (first note = discover) mối quan hệ trực tiếp (a direct relationship = mathematical basis)
giữa tính hài hoà của 1 sự kết hợp giữa giai điệu và kích thước vật lý của 1 vật thể tạo ra nó Cùng
nghĩa với câu E
35. Schwartz, Howe, and Purves
Đáp án: D
Thông tin: David Schwartz, Catherine Howe, and Dale Purves of Duke University argued that the
sounds of music and the sounds of language are intricately connected. Họ nói rằng âm thanh của âm
nhạc và âm thanh của ngôn ngữ kết nối rất phức tạp
36. Marc Hauser and Josh McDermott
Đáp án: G
Thông tin: Marc Hauser and Josh McDermott of Harvard argued in the July issue of Nature
Neuroscience that animals don't create or perceive music the way we do. The fact that laboratory
monkeys can show recognition of human tunes is evidence 2 người đã tranh cãi rằng động vật không
tạo ra hoặc cảm nhận âm nhạc theo cách chúng ta làm, thực tế các con khỉ trong phòng thí nghiệm có
thể cho thấy sự nhận biết các giai điệu của con người Con khỉ và con người có sự giống nhau về cảm
nhận âm thanh (perceive music = perceiving sound)
37. Charles Rosen
Đáp án: A
Thông tin: music is entirely abstracted from the world in which we live Âm nhạc hoàn toàn trừu
tượng (abstracted = exists outside) với thế giới mà chúng ta đang sống (world it is created in = world
in which we live) music tồn tại bên ngoài thế giới mà nó được tạo ra Đáp án C
38. Sandra Trehub
Đáp án: C
Thông tin: The upshot, says Trehub, is that music may be even more of a necessity than we realise
Trehub nói, âm nhạc có thể cần thiết hơn chúng ta tưởng Ông khẳng định music là thứ thiết yếu với
con người

List of Statements
A. Music exists outside of the world it is created in.
B. Music has a universal character despite cultural influences on it.
C. Music is a necessity for humans.
D. Music preference is related to the surrounding influences.
E. He discovered the mathematical basis of music.

18

Success is most often achieved by those who don’t know that

failure is inevitable. – Coco Chanel
 MSNGOCLAN LANGUAGE ACADEMY - Chuyên luyện thi THCS, THPT, Thi Đại Học, IELTS
See Further. Reach Higher. Shine Brighter
CS1: Số 174 Xã Đàn 2, Q Đống Đa, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
CS2: Số 92A phố Cửa Bắc, Q Ba Đình, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
CS3: Số 30 ngõ 203 Kim Ngưu, Q Hai Bà Trưng, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086

F. Music doesn't enjoy the same status of research interest as language.

G. Humans and monkeys have similar traits in perceiving sound.

Questions 39-40
Choose the correct letter A, B, C or D.
Write your answers in boxes 39-40 on your answer sheet.

39. Why was the study of animal music inconclusive?

A. Animals don’t have the same auditory system as humans.
B. Tests on animal music are limited.
C. Animals can’t make up new tunes.
D. There aren’t enough tests on a wide range of animals.
Thông tin: Câu hỏi hỏi rằng tại sao nghiên cứu về âm nhạc của động vật lại không có kết quả? ⇒ Câu
này phải suy luận và loại đáp án. Loại A vì trong đoạn cùng đáp án nói rằng con người và loài khỉ
shared general features of the auditory system, loại B và D vì không có thông tin ⇒ Chọn C, thông
tin: As for birds, those most musical beasts, they generally recognise their own tunes - a narrow
repertoire - but don't generate novel melodies like we do ⇒ Ví dụ như chim, nó có thể nhận ra tunes
của riêng mình, nhưng không thể tạo ra những giai điệu mới như con người.
40. What is the main theme of this passage?
A. Language and learning
B. The evolution of music
C. The role of music in human society
D. Music for animals
Thông tin: Bài so sánh ngôn ngữ và âm nhạc (cho thấy âm nhạc cũng là 1 phần quan trọng), đoạn
cuối có nhắc tới việc music là 1 phần thiết yếu trong đời sống con người Chọn C

GLOSSARY
New words Part of speech Definition

Technological extravagance phr Công nghệ xa xỉ, xa hoa

/ɪkˈstræv.ə.ɡəns/

Evolutionary frippery phr Bậc thang tiến hoá

/ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ər.i ˈfrɪp.ər.i/

Intricately adv Một cách phức tạp

⇒Intricate
/ˈɪn.trɪ.kət/

Stamps a special identity onto phr Đóng dấu nhận dạng đặc biệt lên

19

Success is most often achieved by those who don’t know that

failure is inevitable. – Coco Chanel
 MSNGOCLAN LANGUAGE ACADEMY - Chuyên luyện thi THCS, THPT, Thi Đại Học, IELTS
See Further. Reach Higher. Shine Brighter
CS1: Số 174 Xã Đàn 2, Q Đống Đa, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
CS2: Số 92A phố Cửa Bắc, Q Ba Đình, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086
CS3: Số 30 ngõ 203 Kim Ngưu, Q Hai Bà Trưng, HN. SĐT: 086.8393.086 / 086.2265.086

Physical dimensions phr Kích thước vật lý

/ˌdaɪˈmen.ʃən/

Abstracted adj Hư cấu, trừu tượng

/æbˈstræk.tɪd/

Auditory system n phr Hệ thống thính giác

Derive from phr v Bắt nguồn từ

/dɪˈraɪv/

Rapture n Sự hân hoan, sự say sưa, vui mừng

/ˈræp.tʃər/

TIPS:

Với dạng Matching Info, tránh chỉ chú trọng vào từ vựng chung chung mà cần quan tâm đến những từ vựng
đặc biệt (key chính) chỉ dành riêng cho heading đó.
Hãy bỏ qua các câu khó để làm câu dễ trước, sau đó quay lại lần nữa để trả lời. Đừng cố phỏng đoán mà mất
thời gian và độ chính xác không cao.

20

Success is most often achieved by those who don’t know that

failure is inevitable. – Coco Chanel