How to spot a liar

How much we may abhor it, deception comes naturally to all living things. Birds do it
by feigning injury to lead hungry predators away from nesting young. Spider crabs do
it by disguise: adorning themselves with strips of kelp and other debris, they pretend
to be something they are not- and so escape their enemies. Nature amply rewards
successful deceivers by allowing them to survive long enough to mate and
reproduce. So it may come as no surprise to learn that human beings-who, according
to psychologist Gerald Jellison of the University of South California, are lied to about
200 times a day, roughly one untruth every five minutes-often deceive for exactly the
same reasons: to save their own skins or to get something they can’t get by other
means.

But knowing how to catch deceit can be just as important a survival skill as knowing
how to tell a lie and get away with it. A person able to spot falsehood quickly is
unlikely to be swindled by an unscrupulous business associate or hoodwinked by a
devious spouse. Luckily, nature provides more than enough clues to trap dissemblers
expressions, body language and tone of voice, practically anyone can recognize the
telltale signs of lying. Researchers are even programming computers-like those used
on Lie Detector-to get at the truth by analyzing the same physical cues available to
the naked eyes and ear. “With the proper training, may people can learn to reliably
detect lies,” says Paul Ekman, professor of psychology at the University of California,
San Francisco, who has spent the past 15 years studying the secret art of deception.

In order to know what kind of lies work best, successful liars need to accurately
assess other people’s emotional states. Ekman’s research shows that this same
emotional intelligence is essential for good lie detectors, too. The emotional state to
watch out for stress, the conflict most liars feel between the truth and what they
actually say and do.

Even high-tech lie detectors don’t detect lies as such; they merely detect the physical
cues of emotions, which may or may not correspond to what the person being tested
is saying. Polygraphs, for instance, measure respiration, heart rate and skin
conductivity, which tend to increase when people are nervous—as they usually are
when lying. Nervous people typically perspire, and the salts contained in perspiration
conduct electricity. That’s why a sudden leap in skin conductivity indicates
nervousness—about getting caught, perhaps? ---which might, in turn, suggest that
someone is being economical with the truth. On the other hand, it might also mean
that the lights in the television studio are too hot—which is one reason polygraph
tests are inadmissible in court. “Good lie detectors don’t rely on a single sign,” Ekman
says, “but interpret clusters of verbal and nonverbal clues that suggest someone
might be lying.’

The clues are written all over the face. Because the musculature of the face is directly
connected to the areas of the brain that process emotion, the countenance can be a
window to the soul. Neurological studies even suggest that genuine emotions travel
different pathways through the brain than insincere ones. If a patient paralyzed by
stroke on one side of the face, for example, is asked to smile deliberately, only the
mobile side of the mouth is raised. But tell that same person a funny joke, and the
patient breaks in to a full and spontaneous smile. Very few people—most notably,
actors and politicians—are able to consciously control all of their facial expressions.
Lies can often be caught when the liar’s true feeling briefly leak through the mask of
deception. “We don’t think before we feel,” Ekman says. “Expressions tend to show
up on the face before we’re even conscious of experiencing an emotion.’

One of the most difficult facial expressions to fake—or conceal, if it is genuinely felt—
is sadness. When someone is truly sad, the forehead wrinkles with grief and the
inner corners of the eyebrows are pulled up. Fewer than 15% of the people Ekman
tested were able to produce this eyebrow movement voluntarily. By contrast, the
lowering of the eyebrows associated with an angry scowl can be replicated at will by
almost everybody. “If someone claims they are sad and the inner corners of their
eyebrows don’ go up,” Ekman says, “the sadness is probably false.”

The smile, on the other hand, is one of the easiest facial expressions to counterfeit. It
takes just two muscles-the zygomaticus major muscles that extend from the
cheekbones to the corners of the lips-to produce a grin. But there’s a catch. A
genuine smile affects not only the corners of the lips but also the orbicularis oculi,
the muscle around the eye that produces around the eye that produces the
distinctive “crow’s feet” associated with people who laugh a lot. A counterfeit grin
can be unmasked if the lip corners go up, the eyes crinkle but the inner corners of
the eyebrows are not lowered, a movement controlled by the orbicularis that is
difficult to fake. The absence of lowered eyebrows is one reason why false smiles
look so strained and stiff.
Question 1-5
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet write
Yes If the statement agrees with the information
No If the statement contradicts the information
Not Given If there is no information on this

1．All living animals can lie

2．Some people tell lies for self-preservation
3．Scientists have used computers to analyze which part of brain is responsible for
telling lies.
4．Lying as a survival skill is more important than detecting a lie.
5．To be a good liar one has to understand other people’s emotions.

Question 6-9
Choose the correct letter A, B, C or D.

6. How does the lie-detector work?

A It detects whether one’s emotional state is stable.
B It detects one’s brain activity level.
C It detects body behavior during one’s verbal response. D It analyzes one’s verbal
response word by word.

7 Lie detectors can’t be used as evidence in a court of law, because

A Lights often cause lie detectors to malfunction.
B they are based on too many verbal and non-verbal cues.
C polygraph tests are often inaccurate.
D there may be many causes of a certain body behavior.

8 Why does the author mention the paralyzed patients?

A to demonstrate how a paralyzed patient smiles
B To show the relation between true emotions and body behavior
C To examine how they were paralyzed
D To show the importance of happiness from recovery

9 The author uses politicians to exemplify that they can

A have emotions
B imitate actors
C detect other people’s lies
D mask their true feelings Very few people—most notably, actors and politicians—
are able to consciously control all of their facial expressions.
Question 10-13

Classify the following facial traits as referring to

A sadness
B Anger
C Happiness

Write the correct letter A, B, or C in boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet.

10 Inner corner of eyebrows raised

11 The whole eyebrows lowered
12 Lines formed around eyes
13 Lines formed above eyebrows

全文精析
段 一 ： How much we may abhor it, deception comes naturally to all living things.
Birds do it by feigning injury to lead hungry predators away from nesting young.
Spider crabs do it by disguise: adorning themselves with strips of kelp and other
debris, they pretend to be something they are not- and so escape their enemies.
Nature amply rewards successful deceivers by allowing them to survive long enough
to mate and reproduce. So it may come as no surprise to learn that human beings-
who, according to psychologist Gerald Jellison of the University of South California,
are lied to about 200 times a day, roughly one untruth every five minutes-often
deceive for exactly the same reasons: to save their own skins or to get something
they can’t get by other means.

精析：How much we may abhor it, deception comes naturally to all living things.
Abhor:憎恶，可以替换为 hate；deception 是 deceive 的名词形式，表示欺骗；
how much we may abhor it, 这 里 可 以 翻 译 为 “ 不 管 我 们 多 么 讨 厌 欺 骗 ， ”
deception comes naturally to all living things，可以理解为 it is natural for anyone to
deceive，每个人都自然地接受了欺骗
Birds do it by feigning injury to lead hungry predators away from nesting young.
Spider crabs do it by disguise: adorning themselves with strips of kelp and other
debris, they pretend to be something they are not- and so escape their enemies.
Feigning:假装，可以替换为 fake；predators：捕食者，predate 是其动词形式，
pred=plunder 掠夺，加上表示人物的后缀“or”就代表捕食者， 对应的猎物是
prey; nesting young 是正在孵育的幼崽，nest 的名词是鸟巢的意思，动词是“筑
巢”; lead …away from 把。。。从。。。引开 disguise 表示“伪装”；adorn 可
以替换为 decorate，表示装饰;adorn oneself with sth,用 sth 装扮自己；strip 表示
“条状物”,比如美国国旗 star and strip; pretend to be sth 假装为某事 ;spider
crabs do it by disguise 之后冒号的内容是解释前面的句子，解释具体怎么欺骗
Nature amply rewards successful deceivers by allowing them to survive long
enough to mate and reproduce.
此句的主语是 nature,谓语是 reward,这里做动词，表示“奖励”这个动作，宾语
successful deceivers，by 后面是说具体的方式。全句可以理解为：自然会奖赏那
些成功的欺骗者。
Amply 表示充分的，是副词，形容词是 ample；deceiver 表示“欺骗的人”,
deceive 指“欺骗”这个行为，后面就是表示人物的后缀“or”，表示实施欺骗这
个行为的人。例句：He has deceived and disillusioned us all 他欺骗了我们，让我
们失望至极
，survive 生存，强调结果，尤其是通过比较大的努力，例句： Some strange
customs have survived from earlier times. 有些奇怪的风俗是从早年留存下来对的。
同时 survive 也可以做及物动词，表示“经过了。。。的考验”，例句： The
company managed to survive the crisis. 公司设法渡过了危机。mate 做动词时表
示“交配”；reproduce 的前缀是“re”表示重复，produce 是“生产”的意思，
reproduce 就是“再生产，繁衍”
So it may come as no surprise to learn that human beings-who, according to
psychologist Gerald Jellison of the University of South California, are lied to about
200 times a day, roughly one untruth every five minutes-often deceive for exactly
the same reasons: to save their own skins or to get something they can’t get by
other means.
according to psychologist Gerald Jellison of the University of South California 是插入
语，表示“据某人说。。。”; it come as no surprise to do sth.表示“。。。就一
点不用惊讶了”，psychologist 心理学家，psychology 心理学（词根 psych 心理，
后缀 logy 学）； roughly=about，around 大约。。。； save skin 保全性命；
means=ways 方式，方法

段二：But knowing how to catch deceit can be just as important a survival skill as
knowing how to tell a lie and get away with it. A person able to spot falsehood
quickly is unlikely to be swindled by an unscrupulous business associate or
hoodwinked by a devious spouse. Luckily, nature provides more than enough clues to
trap dissemblers expressions, body language and tone of voice, practically anyone
can recognize the telltale signs of lying. Researchers are even programming
computers-like those used on Lie Detector-to get at the truth by analyzing the same
physical cues available to the naked eyes and ear. “With the proper training, may
people can learn to reliably detect lies,” says Paul Ekman, professor of psychology at
the University of California, San Francisco, who has spent the past 15 years studying
the secret art of deception.

精析：But knowing how to catch deceit can be just as important a survival skill as
knowing how to tell a lie and get away with it.
Knowing how to…这里是雅思阅读中常用的句式类型，动名词做主语， 例句：
Climbing up the mountain makes people exhausted.爬上这座山会使你筋疲力尽。
前面也可以加上人称，比如 Linda's coming will do you good Linda 的到来对你有
好处
Catch 表示“察觉出”；sth. be as important as sth.表示 sth.和 sth.一样重要；get
away with sth.规避 sth.
A person able to spot falsehood quickly is unlikely to be swindled by an
unscrupulous business associate or hoodwinked by a devious spouse.
此句的 able 是做后置定语，而非常用的 be able to 的句型。此句的系动词和表语
是 be unlikely to 的部分，是 Spot=catch 发现，觉察的意思；falsehood 是 false 的
名 词 形 式 ， 表 示 错 误 ， 虚 假 ； be unlikely to do 不 怎 么 可 能 会 。 。 。 ；
swindle，hoodwink 都是欺骗的意思；unscrupulous 表示不择手段的，scrupulous
表示“严谨的，有所顾虑的”，un-
是否定前缀；associate 表示“同事，合伙人”，spouse 表示配偶，例句
It is often helpful to have your spouse in the room when major news is expected
等待重大消息时最好有配偶在场，devious 表示狡猾的，恶意的，devious [de-离
开,vi 道路+大道,正道,-ous… 的]远离大路的，例句：
Newman was devious, prepared to say one thing in print and another in private. 纽
曼阴险得很，明里一套，暗里一套。
Luckily, nature provides more than enough clues to trap dissemblers expressions,
body language and tone of voice, practically anyone can recognize the telltale signs
of lying.
More than enough 表示足够多的；trap 表示“抓住把柄”，dissemble 表示“假
装”的意思,例句：
Henry was not slow to dissemble when it served his purposes.
在需要时，亨利会毫不迟疑地伪装自己。
Researchers are even programming computers-like those used on Lie Detector-to
get at the truth by analyzing the same physical cues available to the naked eyes
and ear.
Analyze 分 析 ； physical cues=clues 线 索 ； available 表 示 ” 可 以 获 得 的 “ naked
eyes 裸眼，naked 表示裸体的
“With the proper training, many people can learn to reliably detect lies,” says Paul
Ekman, professor of psychology at the University of California, San Francisco, who
has spent the past 15 years studying the secret art of deception.
“with the proper training, many people can learn to reliably detect lie，with 的复复
合结构 with 复合结构，在句中表状态或说明背景情况，该结构常做伴随、方式、
原因、条件等状语。例句： With enough courage, this little girl stood forward and
spoke up her ideas. 小女孩鼓足了勇气站出来表达出了她的想法。

段 三 ： In order to know what kind of lies work best, successful liars need to
accurately assess other people’s emotional states. Ekman’s research shows that this
same emotional intelligence is essential for good lie detectors, too. The emotional
state to watch out for stress, the conflict most liars feel between the truth and what
they actually say and do.
精 析 ： In order to know what kind of lies work best, successful liars need to
accurately assess other people’s emotional states.
work 的用法，=succeed 以为起作用，成功
In order to 这里表示通过。。。的办法，位置较为灵活，可以放在句首句中句末。
Emotional state 情感状态，emotion 情感
Ekman’s research shows that this same emotional intelligence is essential for good
lie detectors, too. The emotional state to watch out for stress, the conflict most
liars feel between the truth and what they actually say and do.
Intelligence 智能, intel- 之间 , 中间 (inter-的变体) + -lig- 选择 + -ence 名词词
尾，字面意思 就是“从中选择”。由此可见， intelligence 的基本含义就是
能帮助人辨识事物、做出明智选择和决策的东西; conflict 表示冲突, con 共同
+flict→共同打→冲突；be essential for 对于。。。很关键 , essential 的词根是
esse, 表示本质的意思，可以替换 important；detector 表示探测器，detect 是其
动词，表示“发现，察觉”，例句：Arnold could detect a certain sadness in the
old man's face.
阿诺德能觉察到老人脸上的一丝悲伤。

段四：Even high-tech lie detectors don’t detect lies as such; they merely detect the
physical cues of emotions, which may or may not correspond to what the person
being tested is saying. Polygraphs, for instance, measure respiration, heart rate and
skin conductivity, which tend to increase when people are nervous—as they usually
are when lying. Nervous people typically perspire, and the salts contained in
perspiration conduct electricity. That’s why a sudden leap in skin conductivity
indicates nervousness—about getting caught, perhaps? ---which might, in turn,
suggest that someone is being economical with the truth. On the other hand, it
might also mean that the lights in the television studio are too hot—which is one
reason polygraph tests are inadmissible in court. “Good lie detectors don’t rely on a
single sign,” Ekman says, “but interpret clusters of verbal and nonverbal clues that
suggest someone might be lying.’

精析：Even high-tech lie detectors don’t detect lies as such; they merely detect the
physical cues of emotions, which may or may not correspond to what the person
being tested is saying.
Correspond to 与。。。一致，例句：Racegoers will be given a number which will
correspond to a horse running in a race. 观看赛马比赛的观众将获得一个与某一匹
赛马相对应的号码。Merely=only 表示仅仅；physical cues=physical clues 肢
体上的线索；which 引导的非限制性定语从句，其修饰的可以是前面一整个句
子的意思，作为补充说明的作用，可以省略。 在雅思阅读中，which 引导的非
限定性从句的出现频率很高，其修饰的可以是主句中的名词，形容词，短语，
其他从句或者整个从句
1 which 指代主句中的名词
例句： These apple trees，which I planted three years ago，have not borne
any fruit.这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。
2 which 指代主句中的形容词
例句：She is always careless，which we should not be.
她总是马虎大意，我们可不应该这样。
3 which 指代主句中的某个从句，和原文中一样，修饰的是一整句子
例句：He said that he had never seen her before，which was not true.
他说以前从没见过她，这不是真的。
Polygraphs, for instance, measure respiration, heart rate and skin conductivity,
which tend to increase when people are nervous—as they usually are when lying.
For instance=for example，在这里是插入语，不影响句子的完整性；tend to 表
示倾向于…,例句：
In our culture we tend to be bashful about our talents and skills.
在我们的文化中，我们往往羞于谈论自己的才干和技能。
—as they usually are when lying.破折号的使用：这里使用破折号来强调一个范
例，相当于 for example.
Nervous people typically perspire, and the salts contained in perspiration conduct
electricity. That’s why a sudden leap in skin conductivity indicates nervousness—
about getting caught, perhaps? ---which might, in turn, suggest that someone is
being economical with the truth.
That’s why… 表示这就是为什么。。。一般用于解释前句的结果的原因；Leap 表
示提高，leap 原指“跳跃”，这里可以表示数据上的瞬间提高； indicate 表示
“说明”，可以用 illustrate, show 来替换；in turn 表示“反过来”，例句：And
anxiety can, in turn, lead to a number of physical and emotional problems 而焦虑，
会转而导致若干生理和情感问题。Suggest that,表示“表明,暗示”, 一般指从线
索中得出结果，例句：The simple house suggested a modest income. 这座简朴的
房子表明房主的收入并不高。Be economical with 对。。。节约使用，这里是另
种的表示“说谎话”的方式，对于真理节约使用，即话语中的真相少。
On the other hand, it might also mean that the lights in the television studio are
too hot—which is one reason polygraph tests are inadmissible in court. “Good lie
detectors don’t rely on a single sign,” Ekman says, “but interpret clusters of verbal
and nonverbal clues that suggest someone might be lying.’
Rely on=depend on 依赖于，例句：We had to rely on a compass and a lot of
luck to get here.我们不得不依靠指南针和不错的运气找到这儿来。
Cluster 群，丛，常见搭配是 a cluster of ,例句：There's no town here, just
a cluster of shops, cabins and motels at the side of the highway.这儿没有城镇，只
在公路边上有一片商店、小木屋和汽车旅馆。
Verbal and nonverbal clues,话语和非话语线索，nonverbal clues 指肢体语言等不
要嘴巴表达的线索

段五：The clues are written all over the face. Because the musculature of the face is
directly connected to the areas of the brain that process emotion, the countenance
can be a window to the soul. Neurological studies even suggest that genuine
emotions travel different pathways through the brain than insincere ones. If a patient
paralyzed by stroke on one side of the face, for example, is asked to smile
deliberately, only the mobile side of the mouth is raised. But tell that same person a
funny joke, and the patient breaks in to a full and spontaneous smile. Very few
people—most notably, actors and politicians—are able to consciously control all of
their facial expressions. Lies can often be caught when the liar’s true feeling briefly
leak through the mask of deception. “We don’t think before we feel,” Ekman says.
“Expressions tend to show up on the face before we’re even conscious of
experiencing an emotion.’

精析：The clues are written all over the face. Because the musculature of the face
is directly connected to the areas of the brain that process emotion, the
countenance can be a window to the soul.
The clues are written all over the face.这是个形象的表达方式，线索都被写在了
脸上，而是说脸上透露了所有的线索。Be connected to 连接，例句：This allows
several users to connect to the same desktop simultaneously.这样允许多个用户同
时连接到同一个桌面上。a window to the soul,一个通往心灵的窗户
Neurological studies even suggest that genuine emotions travel different pathways
through the brain than insincere ones.
If a patient paralyzed by stroke on one side of the face, for example, is asked to
smile deliberately, only the mobile side of the mouth is raised.
Deliberately 故意的，蓄意的，例句：It has a deliberate policy to introduce
world art to Britain 它在政策上有意识地将世界艺术介绍给英国。
But tell that same person a funny joke, and the patient breaks in to a full and
spontaneous smile. Very few people—most notably, actors and politicians—are
able to consciously control all of their facial expressions
Break into a smile 突然大笑，比如 break into tears 突然崩溃大哭，强调动作的突
然；most notably,尤其，例句：The house had many drawbacks, most notably its
price. 这 房 子 有 很 多 缺 陷 ， 尤 其 是 它 的 价 格 。 — most notably, actors and
politicians—是插入语，表示补充说明，可以去掉，不影响主句的表达。
Lies can often be caught when the liar’s true feeling briefly leak through the mask
of deception. “We don’t think before we feel,” Ekman says. “Expressions tend to
show up on the face before we’re even conscious of experiencing an emotion.’
Leak through 流露出，原指液体气体溢出， 例句：Others can begin to leak air
through the lungs 其他可能会开始出现气体通过肺渗入体腔的情况 ，leak 是泄
露的意思。Mask 的原意是面具，这里取它的抽象含义，表示“掩护”， be
conscious of 意识到，例句：They must be conscious of this and face it honestly. 他
们必须意识到这一点，并且诚实地面对这个事实

段 六 ： One of the most difficult facial expressions to fake—or conceal, if it is

genuinely felt—is sadness. When someone is truly sad, the forehead wrinkles with
grief and the inner corners of the eyebrows are pulled up. Fewer than 15% of the
people Ekman tested were able to produce this eyebrow movement voluntarily. By
contrast, the lowering of the eyebrows associated with an angry scowl can be
replicated at will by almost everybody. “If someone claims they are sad and the inner
corners of their eyebrows don’ go up,” Ekman says, “the sadness is probably false.”
精 析 ： One of the most difficult facial expressions to fake—or conceal, if it is
genuinely felt—is sadness. When someone is truly sad, the forehead wrinkles with
grief and the inner corners of the eyebrows are pulled up.
or conceal, if it is genuinely felt,这一部分是插入语，作为补充，可以去掉，不影
响
句子含义。全句即是 One of the most difficult facial expressions to fake is sadness.
By contrast 意为“反之”，表示和前文相反的情况，例句：The private sector, by
contrast, has plenty of money to spend. 相比之下，私营部门就有很多钱可供开销。
Be associated with 与 。 。 。 相 关 联 ， 例 句 ： the risks associated with taking
drugs. 与吸毒有关的危险。Replicate 词根是 ple, pli, ply 表示“重叠，折叠”
“re”表示重复的前缀，replicate 就是重复做某一动作。 Claim 在雅思的书面表
达中常常使用到，表示“某人声称”，例句：He claim that it was all a conspiracy
against him. 他声称这一切都是一场针对他的阴谋。

段 七 ： The smile, on the other hand, is one of the easiest facial expressions to
counterfeit. It takes just two muscles-the zygomaticus major muscles that extend
from the cheekbones to the corners of the lips-to produce a grin. But there’s a catch.
A genuine smile affects not only the corners of the lips but also the orbicularis oculi,
the muscle around the eye that produces around the eye that produces the
distinctive “crow’s feet” associated with people who laugh a lot. A counterfeit grin
can be unmasked if the lip corners go up, the eyes crinkle but the inner corners of
the eyebrows are not lowered, a movement controlled by the orbicularis that is
difficult to fake. The absence of lowered eyebrows is one reason why false smiles
look so strained and stiff.

精 析 ： The smile, on the other hand, is one of the easiest facial expressions to
counterfeit.
Counterfeit 中 counter-是“对立”的意思，feit 是 fac 的意思，即“制造”，往反
方向制作，即伪造。Counterfeit 也可以做形容词使用，即伪造的，如此段的倒
数第四行“a counterfeit grin can be ….”,这里对的 counterfeit 就是指伪造的微笑。
It takes just two muscles-the zygomaticus major muscles that extend from the
cheekbones to the corners of the lips-to produce a grin. 此句中的 it takes just two
muscles…to produce a grin, 表示制造一个露齿笑只需要动用两块肌肉。例句：it
only took me 2 years to master a new language 学习一门新语言只用了我两年的时
间。这里 to 后面的内容是主语。
The absence of lowered eyebrows is one reason why false smiles look so strained
and stiff.
Absence 是指“缺席”的意思，the absence of sth，是指“没有…”, 原文表达的
意思是，缺少低垂的眉毛。例句：In the absence of a will the courts decide who
the guardian is. 在没有遗嘱的情况下，由法庭指定监护人。Strained 表示“紧张
的“，strain 表示“拉”的意思，strained 被拉扯的，就是“紧张的”意思。
A genuine smile affects not only the corners of the lips but also the orbicularis
oculi, the muscle
Not only…but also…, 表示不仅….而且…, 例句：In production, we demand not only
quantity but also quality. 我们的产品不但要求数量多，而且要求质量高。
Lines around the eye that produces around the eye that produces the distinctive
“crow’s feet” associated with people who laugh a lot.
Crow’s feet 鱼尾纹，例句：Aging eyes bring more than crow’s feet and wrinkles.眼
睛老化带来的不只是鱼尾纹和皱纹。 Distinctive 表示明显的，有特色的。和
distinct 是一对形近易混的近义词，distinct 更倾向于“区别”，而 distinctive 表
示“有特点的”。例句：clothes with a distinctive style 式样独特的衣服

题目解析
1 ． 由 all living animals 定 位 到 原 文 第 一 段 第 一 句 ： Deception comes natural to all living
things. 对于所有生物来说，欺骗已经习以为常。所以所有生物都可以说谎。这句话判断为
正确。
2. 由题目中 some people tell lies for self-preservation,可以知道题目是问人们说谎的原因，所
以定位到第一段的最后一句“same reasons”,其中的 save skin=preserve themselves，保护自
己的意思。所以这一题也是正确。
3. 由 题 目 中 的 computers 定 位 到 原 文 第 二 段 的 倒 数 第 四 行 ” Researchers are even
programming computers-like those used on Lie Detector-to get at the truth by analyzing the
same physical cues available to the naked eyes and ear.” 前面的内容都是在讨论如何“ spot
falsehood， detect lies”, 即：发现谎言的线索。但是题目中 Scientists have used computers to
analyze which part of brain is responsible for telling lies.用电脑去分析哪一部分的脑组织是负
责说谎的，原文并未提及，所以 not mention.
4. 由“survive, important”定位到原文第二段的第一句话“But knowing how to catch deceit
can be just as important a survival skill as knowing how to tell a lie and get away with it.” 其中
“as important as”是指同等重要。而题目中 lying as a survival skill is more important than
detecting a lie.说的是更加重要，答案为 no
5．由“emotion”定位到第三段的第一句话。“In order to know what kind of lies work best,
successful liars need to accurately assess other people’s emotional states.”其中 assess emotional
states 和题目中的“understand other people’s emotions.”是同意替换，答案为 yes

6. 选 c ， 由 lie-detector 定 位 到 第 二 段 的 倒 数 第 四 句 ， Researchers are even programming

computers-like those used on Lie Detector-to get at the truth by analyzing the same physical cues
available to the naked eyes and ear. 其中 Physical cues 即 nonverbal clues,包括 body language 等

7 选 D，由题目中的 court 和 lie detector,可以定位到第四段的倒数第二行 On the other hand,

it might also mean that the lights in the television studio are too hot—which is one reason
polygraph tests are inadmissible in court.前文说说谎者会出汗，导致体液有盐分，从而加大
传导性，如果在法庭，由于灯光过热，会导致嫌疑人出汗，所以检测仪检测到的传导性提
高可能不是由于说谎，而是因为过热的原因

8 选 B，由 paralyzed patients 可以定位到第五段的第四行：Neurological studies even suggest

that genuine emotions travel different pathways through the brain than insincere ones. If a
patient paralyzed by stroke on one side of the face, for example, is asked to smile deliberately,
only the mobile side of the mouth is raised.这里的实验旨比较正常身体和瘫痪身体在表达情
感方面的不同，来展示真实情感和身体动作的关系

9 选 D，由 politicians 可以定位到第五段的倒数第四行，actors and politicians—are able to

consciously control all of their facial expressions.能够控制面部表情就是可以遮盖真实情感，
这和题目中的 mask their true feelings，可以掩盖他们的真实情感，表达的是相似的含义。

10 A，由 eyebrow 定位在段六。当悲伤的时候，内部眉毛会上扬 When someone is truly sad,

the forehead wrinkles with grief and the inner corners of the eyebrows are pulled up.
11 B，由 angry, eyebrow 定位在当生气的时候，眉毛会下沉。原文中 the lowering of the
eyebrows associated with an angry scowl 愁容
12 C，原文中的 crow’s feet 是指鱼尾纹和题目中的 lines formed around eyes 眼周的细纹是一
个意思。见 genuine smile affects not only the corners of the lips but also the orbicularis oculi,
the muscle around the eye that produces around the eye that produces the distinctive “crow’s
feet” associated with people who laugh a lot。笑得多的人会有鱼尾纹
13 A, 段七中的原文 When someone is truly sad, the forehead wrinkles with grief and the inner
corners of the eyebrows are pulled up. 当 人悲伤 ，前 额 的皱纹 会出现，和 题 目 中的 Lines
formed above eyebrows 眉毛前面的纹路相符。