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Real Time Health Monitoring System Using IoT

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www.ijcrt.org © 2021 IJCRT | Volume 9, Issue 4 April 2021 | ISSN: 2320-2882

Real Time Health Monitoring System Using IoT

Sharanbasappa Sali1*, Dr. Parvathi C. S.2
1* Associate Professor, E & CE Dept,Basavakalyan Engg College, Basavakalyan-585327,India,
2 Professor & Chairperson, Dept. of Inst. Tech. Gulbarga University P.G. Center, Yarigera,
Raichur-584133, India.

Abstract

Today chronic diseases are the fastest rising diseases in the humans; this may be caused due to a lot of reasons like
dietary habits, physical movement and unhealthful habits such as alcohol and cigarettes use. The design of this system creates
integration of the real time continuous and long term health monitoring system to observe the biomedical parameters like heart-
rate, blood pressure, ECG, body temperature and pulse oximetry using biomedical sensor in the patient. The sensors are attached
to the patient body; the parameters acquired from the patient are processed using Arduino Uno controller board and transmitted to
a healthcare centre via wi-fi module. The received biomedical parameters are compared with the predefined threshold values. If
the parameter is normal, then the parameter is stored in the database or else the alert message is sent with data to the doctor or to
the patient caretaker via wi-fi module.

Key words: Arduino Uno, Heart-rate, Pulse oximetry, Temperature, Blood pressure.

Introduction All these sensors are attached to the patient. Signal

processing is required to process the signals from the
It is hard to focus on health in our hectic life; hence various sensors. Arduino Uno control board with
improved technology in medical sector proves to be very ATmega328 microcontroller is used to process the signal
supportive for an individual. Current technology introduced acquired from the biomedical sensors and transmit the
most of smart or medical sensors in market that constantly parameter to the healthcare centre via wi-fi module [4]. The
observe individual patient health status and analyze the healthcare centre accepts this parameter and stores it in the
abnormality in the health. Bio-medical sensors are designed patient database. The biomedical parameters accepted from
to forecast the heart attack or any other changes in the health the patient are compared with the threshold value to make a
status before the patient falls sick [1]. decision whether the health condition of the patient is
normal or abnormal. If the abnormal condition of the patient
The main motivation for the improvement of is detected, the emergency message is sent to the doctor and
biomedical sensor is illness, health hazards of worldwide patient via wi-fi module for immediate medical care [5].
population and enhancement in aging of the people because
of climate changes, global warming. Patients are observed Methodology
by wearable biomedical sensors (WBS), a lot of elderly
people desire to live separately, and they are capable to Everyone is more worried about their health status so
observe their health status, if essential immediate medical that day-by-day technology is improving making life easier
help will be offered by healthcare centre. and more comfort. There are number of advanced
biomedical sensors introduced in the biomedical market for
Wearable biomedical sensors implemented to monitor continuous monitoring of health condition. Many
health of patient constantly [2]. The major technology of the biomedical sensors are user friendly or digital in nature;
healthcare system is as shown in the figure 1. It assists the hence it is not necessary for doctor to examine the parameter
patient for long term monitor of her/his physiological or any vital sign change in the health [6].
parameter changes and also provides tele-feedback to In the proposed system, integration of different
maintain their optimal status of the health. The biomedical biomedical sensors is implemented to monitor the health
sensors intended to offer emergency aid to physically status of the patient. Basically biomedical sensor are analog
challenged people, elderly people and rehabilitation patients in nature, the analog data from the sensors are required to be
[3]. converted into a digital data for further processing, Arduino
Uno is a controller board used to convert the analog data
The proposed system integrates biomedical sensors to from the biomedical sensors into digital data, the
keep away from the anxiety of the elderly people with a conventional parameter has to be analyzed by the healthcare
precise, noninvasive consistent, comfortable, inexpensive centre, the parameter received at the healthcare centre is
and flexible monitoring that fulfils all these medical stored in the respective patient database, if the abnormal
necessities. The system comprises multi-sensors like heart- condition is detected an alert message is sent to a doctor via
rate sensor, ECG, blood pressure and pulse oximetry sensor. wi-fi module. The figure1 shows block diagram which gives
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the overview of the proposed system. The system consists of

mainly microcontroller (ATmega328), ESP8266-wi-fi
module, sensor networks and control switches [7].

Figure 3: SPO2 Sensor

One sample of the Red filtered signal, Red

baseline, Infra-Red filtered signal, and Infra-Red baseline
Figure 1: Integrated Wireless Instrumentation System for are taken every 1 ms. A peak detection algorithm is used to
Biomedical Parameters determine the AC constituent of the signal that is generated
by the pulsatile arterial blood absorption. This is the element
Arduino UNO Board of the signal which is used for SpO2 and beats per minute
(bpm) computation. The samples taken and the measured
The Uno is a microcontroller board based on the data (SpO2 and bpm) are sent to a GUI on a computer.
ATmega328P. “The Uno board and version 1.0 of Arduino
Software (IDE) were the reference versions of Arduino, now LM35 temperature sensor
developed to new versions. The Uno board is the first in a
series of USB Arduino boards, and the reference model for The LM35 series are accurate integrated circuit
the Arduino platform; for a wide list of current, past or temperature sensors. Their output voltage is linearly
outdated boards see the Arduino index of boards as shown proportional to the Celsius temperature. The LM35 thus has
in the figure 2. an advantage over linear temperature sensors calibrated in
°K, as there is no requirement to subtract a huge constant
voltage from its output to get Centigrade reading. It does not
necessitate any external calibration or trimming to provide
typical accuracies of ±1⁄4°C at room temperature and
±3⁄4°C over a full −55 to +150°C temperature range. It
draws only 60 μA from its supply, so it has very low self-
heating, less than 0.1° C in still air [10]. It is rated to operate
over a −55° to +150°C temperature range, while the LM35C
is rated for a −40° to +110°C range (−10°with improved
accuracy) as shown in figure 4.

Figure 2: Arduino Uno Board with pin details

Microcontroller ATmega328
Arduino UNO is an open source prototyping
platform based on ATmega328 microcontroller. It consists
of 14 digital input/output (I/O) pins, six analogue inputs, a
USB connection for programming the on-board
microcontroller, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset
button. It is operated with a 16MHz crystal oscillator and Figure 4: LM 35 Temperature sensor
contains everything needed to support the microcontroller
[8]. Heart-rate sensor

Pulse Oximeter (SPO2) Sensor: A person’s heartbeat is the sound of the valves in
his/her heart contracting or expanding as they force blood
The measurement starts when the MCU produces a
from one region to another. The number of times the heart
PWM signal that varies the LED intensity. The switch
beats per minute (BPM), is the heart rate and the beat of the
control pin on the MCU chooses which LED is turned on at
heart that can be felt in any artery that lies close to the skin
that time. Light from Red and Infra-Red LEDs on the sensor
is the pulse.
moves through the finger and the non-absorbed light are
received in the photo-detector. The signal passes through a The heartbeat sensor is based on the principle of
current to the voltage converter where it is filtered, photo plethysmography. It observes the modification in the
amplified, and converted into a voltage. The signal is now volume of blood throughout any organ of the body which
multiplexed to its respective filter and amplification stage, will causes a modification in the light intensity throughout
depending on whether it is Red or Infra-Red LED. At this that organ. The flow of blood volume is determined by the
stage, the signal is treated and most of the noise is removed. speed of heart pulses and because light is absorbed by
The signal is also amplified in order to be detected simply blood, the signal pulses are corresponding to the heart rate
by the MCU ADC. The filtered signal is then sent to an pulses. There are two types of photo-phlethysmography
ADC channel on the MCU [9]. [11].

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These are common in customer devices such as video

players, gaming devices, clocks, watches, calculators, and
telephones. LCDs have displaced cathode ray tube (CRT)
displays in most applications.

IoT Server

IoT is the network of physical devices, vehicles,

buildings and other items embedded with electronics,
software, sensors, actuators, and network connectivity that
facilitate these objects to collect and exchange data. In 2013
the Global Standards Initiative on Internet of Things defined
the IoT as "the infrastructure of the information society."
Figure 5: Heart-rate sensor The IoT allows objects to be sensed and/or controlled
distantly transversely accessible network infrastructure.
The sensor and its principle are shown in the figure Creating chances for maximum direction corporation of the
5. The basic heartbeat sensor includes a light emitting diode physical world into computer-based systems, and resulting
and a detector like a light detecting resistor or a photodiode. in improved efficiency [14].
The heart beat pulses changes a variation in the flow of
blood to various organs of the body. When a soft organ is Node MCU (ESP8266):
enlightened with the light source, i.e. light emitted by the
Node MCU is a microcontroller which is
led, it either reflects or transmits the light. Some of the light
associated to IOT server through internet. MCU will obtain
is absorbed by the blood and the transmitted or the reflected
the ON OFF packets from server and switches appliances
light is received by the light detector. The quantity of light
reverence to server signal. Espressif Systems’ Smart
absorbed depends on the blood quantity in that organ. The
Connectivity Platform (ESCP) is a set of high performance,
detector output is in form of electrical signal and is
high integration wireless SOCs, designed for space and
proportional to the heart-rate [12].
power constrained mobile platform designers. It provides
Blood Pressure Sensor unsurpassed ability to embed wi-fi abilities within other
systems, or to function as a separate application, with the
Blood pressure is the force of blood on the walls of lowest cost, and minimal space requirement [15].
arteries. Blood pressure is measured as two numbers—the
systolic pressure over the diastolic pressure. ESP8266 presents a complete and self-contained
wi-fi networking solution; it can be used to host the
application or to offload wi-fi networking functions from an
additional application processor. Serving as a wi-fi adapter,
wireless internet access can be added to any microcontroller
based design with simple connectivity. ESP8266 is among
the most integrated wi-fi chip in the industry; it integrates
the antenna switches, RF balun, power amplifier, low noise
receive amplifier, filters, power management modules, it
requires minimal external circuitry, and the entire solution,
including front-end module, is designed to occupy minimal
PCB area [16].

Results

Figure 6: Blood Pressure sensor

The measurement is written one above or before

the other, with the systolic number on top and the diastolic
number on the bottom. For example, a blood pressure
measurement of 120/80 mmHg is expressed verbally as
"120 over 80." The Blood Pressure Sensor is used to
calculate systemic arterial blood pressure of the persons.
When used with the suitable software, it can calculate mean
arterial blood pressure and calculate both the systolic and
diastolic blood pressure by means of the oscillometric
method [13] as shown in figure 6.

LCD Display

A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a thin, flat

electronic visual display that uses the light modulating
characteristics of liquid crystals (LCs). LCs does not emit
light directly. These are used in a broad range of
applications including: computer monitors, television, Figure 7: Summary of the patient physiological parameters.
instrument panels, aircraft cockpit displays, signage, etc.
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The integrated health monitoring system with the

different sensor performances are described in this section.
The Graphical User Interface (GUI) is designed in such way
that, the complete detail information of the patient and the
doctor can be viewed to reduce the system complexity and
to make it user friendly. The wireless body sensors obtain
the data from the patient body and the data is processed
through arduino uno controller board which is connected to
the sensors with wi-fi module. The wi-fi module transmits
the data to the healthcare centre.

As shown in figure 7, the admin at the healthcare centre

receive the patient health condition parameters through
server. The details of the patients and the doctors are stored
in the database for further use. The parameters such as heart Figure 10: GUI of the Patient’s ECG.
rate, blood pressure, ECG and pulse oximetry are measured;
the complete summary of the patient health condition is
generated. The patient health condition is compared with the
predefined threshold value. If the condition or status of the
patient health condition is abnormal, it is necessary to
provide a prescription for respective health issues and also
an immediate message has been sent to patient about his/her
health status. The figure 8 and 9 shows the graphical
representation of the body temperature and pulse (SpO2) in
percentage.

Figure 11: GUI of the Patient’s blood pressure.

Figure 8: GUI of the Patient’s body temperature.

Figure 12: GUI of the Patient’s heart-rate.

Figure 9: GUI of the Patient’s SpO2. Figure 13: Integrated Wireless Instrumentation System for
Biomedical Parameters
The figure 10 shows the graphical representation of the
ECG and figures 11shows the blood pressure. The figure 12 shows the graphical representation of the
heart-rate and figure 13: Integrated Wireless Instrumentation
System for Biomedical Parameters
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Conclusion 7. Pallavi Sethi, Smruti R. Sarangi, "Internet of Things:

Architectures, Protocols, and Applications", Journal of
The real time monitoring and immediate Electrical and Computer Engineering, Volume-
assessment of the patient health condition plays a very 2017, Issue-1, 2017, PP.1-25.
important role in saving the life of the human. The proposed
system includes five biomedical sensors which are more 8. Manish Prasad, Rohit Kumar Singh, Pranav Kumar,
primarily required to measure the vital sign changes of our Smruti Ranjan Pradhan, “Home Automation Using
body anytime. The patient module integrated with Microcontroller (Arduino Uno)”, International Journal
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pressure sensor and pulse oximetry sensor. These necessary Volume-6, Issue-3, 2017, PP. 383-385.
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signals are analog in nature, to process the signal, arduino 9. B. Santra, D. P. Mukherjee and D. Chakrabarti, "A non-
uno board is used. The physiological parameters of the invasive approach for estimation of hemoglobin
patient transmitted to the healthcare centre through wi-fi analyzing blood flow in palm," IEEE 14th International
module are used for examining or to determine the patient Symposium on Biomedical Imaging, Melbourne, 2017,
health condition. The data received is compared with the PP. 1100-1103.
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condition is determined via wi-fi an alert SMS is sent to 10. B. O. Oyebola and V. T. Odueso, "LM35 Based Digital
respective physician for diagnosis and also to the patient. Room Temperature Meter: A Simple
The system helps in the early detection of many medical Demonstration", Equatorial Journal of Computational
issues and help full for pre-diagnosis. and Theoretical Science, Volume-2, Issue-1, 2017, PP.
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