B.tech It Batchno 55

PROFESSIONAL TRAINING REPORT
at
Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology
(DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY)
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of

Bachelor of Technology Degree in
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
By
BHARATHI R
(REG NO: 37120015)
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING
SATHYABAMA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY)
JEPPIAAR NAGAR, RAJIV GANDHI SALAI,
CHENNAI –600119, TAMILNADU.

AUGUST 2020
SCHOOL OF COMPUTING
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this Professional Training Report is the bonafide

work of BHARATHI.R (Reg.No.37120015) who underwent the
professional training in “SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR APP” under our
supervision from June 2020 to August 2020.
Internal Guide
Dr. S.REVATHY. M.E., Ph.D.,
Head of the Department

Dr .R.SUBHASHINI. M.E., Ph.D.,
Submitted for Viva voce Examination held on
Internal Examiner External Examiner
DECLARATION
2
I, BHARATHI.R (Reg.No:37120015) hereby declare that the
Professional Training Report on “SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR APP”
done by me under The Guidance of guide Dr. S. REVATHY. M.E.,
Ph.D., Dept of IT at Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology is
submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of
Bachelor of Technology degree in Information Technology.
DATE:
PLACE: CHENNAI SIGNATURE OF THE CANDIDATE
3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am pleased to acknowledge my sincere thanks to the Board of

Management of SATHYABAMA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY for their kind encouragement in doing this project and for
completing it successfully. I am grateful to them.
I convey my thanks to Dr. T.Sasikala M.E., Ph.D, Dean, School of

Computing ,Dr.SUBHASHINI M.E., Ph.D. , Head of the Department of
Information and Technology for providing me necessary support and details at
the right time during the progressive reviews.
I would like to express my sincere and deep sense of gratitude to my

Project Dr .S.REVATHY, M.E., Ph.D., for his valuable guidance, suggestions
and constant encouragement paved the way for the successful completion of
my project work.
I wish to express my thanks to all Teaching and Non-teaching staff

members of the Department of Information Technology who were helpful in
many ways for the completion of the project.
4
TRAINING CERTIFICATE
5
ONLINE CERTIFICATION
6
ABSTRACT
This work was centred on the Design and implementation of a simple
scientific calculator for education organization. The study traced the calculator
system as a tool to completely change mathematical knowledge and sophisticated
problems solving strategies had advanced the field of simulated engines in
mathematics. This project work also focused principally on numbers and arithmetic
operation. This researcher investigated the manual system in detail with a view to
finding out the need to automate the system. Interestingly, the end result of a
simple scientific calculator system was its ability to process numbers and
operators, and provides a useful result. Therefore, this project will help immensely
in the following way. Easy calculating of tedious mathematical problems, easy to
retrieve errors and it will also be of good assistance to any researcher on these
topics.
7
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO
ABSTRACT 7
LIST OF FIGURES 10
LIST OF TABLES 11
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 12
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 OVERVIEW OF CALCULATOR 13
1.2 IMPORTANCE OF SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR 13
2 AIM AND SCOPE OF THE SYSTEM

2.1 OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT 15
2.2 ADVANTAGES 15
2.3 LITERATURE REVIEW 15
2.3.1 OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE REVIEW 15
2.3.2 PURPOSE OF LITERATURE REVIEW 15
2.3.3 LITERATURE REVIEW ON SCIENTIFIC 16
CALCULATOR
3 EXPERIMENTAL METHODS
3.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENT 17
3.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT 17
3.3 LANGUAGES USED 17
3.3.1 XML 17
3.3.2 JAVA 18
3.4 METHODOLOGY 20
3.4.1 ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS 20
3.4.2 TRIGONOMETRIC OPERATIONS 21
3.4.3 OTHER OPERATIONS 21
4 RESULTS AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
4.1 RESULT 23
4.2 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS 27
5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
5.1 SUMMARY 28
5.2 CONCLUSION 28
APPENDIX
A.SOURCE CODE 30
REFERENCES 29
8
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO FIGURE NAME PAGE NO

3.1 XML Processor 18
3.2 Architecture of JVM 20
4.1 App icon in mobile 23
4.2 User Interface 24
4.3 Tan Input 25
4.4 Tan Output 25
4.5 Factorial Input 26
4.6 Factorial Output 26
4.7 Square root Input 27
4.8 Square root Output 27
9
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO TABLE NAME PAGE NO
3.1 Arithmetic Operation 21
3.2 Trigonometric Operation 21
3.3 Other Operation 22
10
LIST OF ABBREVATIONS
JVM - Java Virtual Machine
RAM - Random Access Memory
OS - Operating System
JDK - Java Development Kit
AVD - Android Virtual device
SDK - Software Development Kit
XML - eXtensible Markup Language
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
11
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 OVERVIEW OF CALCULATOR

A calculator is a device that performs arithmetic operations on
numbers. The simplest calculators can do only addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division. Internally, some calculators actually perform all of
these functions by repeated processes of addition.
A calculator is a machine which allows people to do math operations

more easily. For example, most calculators will add, subtract, multiply, and
divide. Some also do square roots, and more complex calculators can help
with calculus and draw function graphs. Calculators are found everywhere.
In addition to general purpose calculators, there are those designed for

specific markets. For example, there are scientific calculators which include
trigonometric and statistical calculations. Some calculators even have the
ability to do computer algebra. Graphing calculators can be used to graph
functions defined on the real line, or higher-dimensional Euclidean space. As
of 2016, basic calculators cost little, but scientific and graphing models tend to
cost more.
1.2 IMPORTANCE OF SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR

A scientific calculator is a type of electronic calculator, usually but not
always handheld, designed to calculate problems in science, engineering, and
mathematics. They have completely replaced slide rules in traditional
applications, and are widely used in both education and professional settings.
Basic calculators are great for solving simple equations with one or two
variables, but scientific calculators allow you to input a problem that has an
order of operations. If you enter one of these equations into a
12
regular calculator, it won't be able to correctly determine which numbers should
be addressed first.
Calculators are simply a tool students use to help solve problems. Since
they eliminate tedious computations and algebraic manipulations that
discourage many students, calculators allow more students to solve problems
and appreciate the power and value of mathematics in the world today.
13
CHAPTER 2
AIM AND SCOPE OF THE SYSTEM
2.1 OVERVIEW OF PROJECT

A Scientific Calculator is useful for situations where we need to
calculate some complex things like logs or trigonometry. In such cases, the normal
calculator won‟t be useful for us. So therefore, we are here to develop a Scientific
Calculator.
This calculator will have the following
⮚ First, it will have a screen to display the user inputs and by default, it will
display a „0‟.
⮚ Then there will be another screen that shows the result and the operator..
⮚ Then we will have the keys that will have numbers as well as the operators on
it.
⮚ In order to use the calculator, we need to put the input and select the operation
then the result will be generated.
2.2 ADVANTAGES
❖ Simple interface
❖ User friendly
❖ Fast results
2.3 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.3.1 OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE REVIEW
A literature review synthesizes scholarly literature on a

topic by evaluating a selection of sources. It describes common themes, but
must also demonstrate the author's understanding of the literature through
critical analysis, as well as identify gaps and/or controversies in the
research.
2.3.2 PURPOSE OF LITERATURE REVIEW
14
⮚ To help define the focus of your research topic.
⮚ To identify research already conducted in your field of interest, find
gaps in existing scholarship, and avoid repetition of previous
research.
⮚ To become familiar with significant earlier research and with current
progress and/or controversy in your field of interest.
⮚ To diagnose the strengths and weaknesses in the works pertaining
to your field of interest.
2.3.3 LITERATURE REVIEW ON SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR
Xin (2009) points out that the use of calculators has a
technological
contribution to make to learning because it makes learning and teaching
attractive, helpful, and proficient for the future (Xin, 2009). Investigation into this
topic has helped the researcher to identify the aspects that were covered and their
findings, to link previous findings with the researcher‟s own findings, and to provide
well-informed recommendations.
Unfortunately, the researcher could not find recent research that
measures the effectiveness of calculators since most of the investigation into this
topic was carried out at the time that calculators were introduced, which was about
fifteen to twenty years ago. However, most of the recent research is qualitative,
basing arguments on what has already been found, and mostly intended to change
teachers‟ and parents‟ attitudes towards calculators. However, previous research
studies were not based on the South African context. However, this research
differs in that it investigates the effectiveness of a calculator with regard to
teaching and learning fractions at Grade 8 level (13-15 year olds) in South Africa.
Additionally, the researcher embraced the advantages and disadvantages that
previous research gathered in terms of the use of calculators in mathematics
education, its established advantages as noted by (Hembree & Dessart,1986), and
the myths (Pomeranz,1997) associated with its use, thereby considering the full
use of calculators in the classroom.
15
CHAPTER 3
EXPERIMENTAL METHODS
3.1HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
❖ Laptop with 4GB RAM

❖ Mouse
❖ Keyboard
❖ 4G Wi-Fi connection
3.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
❖ Windows 10 OS
❖ JDK 1.7
❖ Android Studio
❖ Gradle Scripts
❖ AVD and SDK tools
3.3 LANGUAGES USED
❖ XML
❖ Java
3.3.1 XML
❖ XML stands for extensible Mark-up Language

❖ XML is a mark-up language much like HTML
16
❖ XML was designed to store and transport data
❖ XML was designed to be self-descriptive
Syntax of an XML program:
<root>
<child>
<subchild>.....</subchild>
</child>
</root>
The following figure shows block diagram of the XML processor
Figure 3.1: XML processor
3.3.2 JAVA
JAVA was developed by Sun Microsystems Inc in 1991, later acquired

by Oracle Corporation. It was developed by James Gosling and Patrick
Naughton. It is a simple programming language. Writing, compiling and
17
debugging a program is easy in java. It helps to create modular programs and
reusable code.
Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
This is generally referred as JVM. Before, we discuss about JVM lets see
the phases of program execution. Phases are as follows: we write the
program, then we compile the program and at last we run the program.
1) Writing of the program is of course done by java programmer like you and
me.
2) Compilation of program is done by javac compiler, javac is the primary java
compiler included in java development kit (JDK). It takes java program as input
and generates java bytecode as output.
3) In third phase, JVM executes the bytecode generated by compiler. This is
called program run phase.
So, now that we understood that the primary function of JVM is to

execute the bytecode produced by compiler. Each operating system has
different JVM, however the output they produce after execution of bytecode is
same across all operating systems. That is why we call java as platform
independent language.
The following figure shows the architecture of JVM
18
Figure 3.2 Architecture of JVM
3.4 METHODOLOGY:
The methodology of the project starts with creating the user interface
layout .This layouts are created in the xml files and the initialization of all the
methods, functions are done in the java file.
The main operations available in the app are:
❖ Arithmetic operations
❖ Trigonometric operations
❖ Other operations
3.4.1 ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS
19
The arithmetic operations available in the app are: addition (+),
subtraction(-), multiplication(*) and division(/).
Table 3.1 Arithmetic Operation
Operation Symbol Input 1 Input 2 Output

Addition + 2 3 5
Subtraction - 8 2 6
Multiplication * 3 10 30
Division / 10 2 5
3.4.2 TRIGONOMETRIC OPERATIONS
The trigonometric operations available in the app are: sin, cos and tan.
Table 3.2 Trigonometric operations
Operation Input Output

sin 0 0
cos 0 1
tan 45 1
3.4.3 OTHER OPERATIONS
The other operations available in the app are: log , ln , square root,
power , factorial.
20
Table 3.3 Other operations
Operation Input 1 Input 2 Output

Log 10 - 1
ln 16 - 2.772588722239
Power 2 5 32
Square root 36 - 6
Factorial 5 - 120
21
CHAPTER 4
RESULT AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
4.1 RESULT
The result of the project is found to be good as expected. All the functions are
working well without any errors or problems. The simple user interface gives users to
work out problems faster and get the results easily. The following figure shows how
the app looks on a mobile.
Fig 4.1 App icon in mobile
22
The following figure shows how the user interface looks like
Fig 4.2 User Interface
23
The following figures show tan value of a number
Fig4.3 Tan input Fig 4.4 Tan output
24
The following figure shows factorial of a number
Fig 4.5 Factorial input Fig 4.6 Factorial output
25
The following figures show the square root of a number.
Fig 4.7 Square root input Fig 4.8 Square root output
4.2 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
The app “Scientific Calculator” works well in all the aspects and
produces correct results for all types of operations like addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division, sin, cos , tan, square root, factorial ,etc. The app also shows
errors for any invalid inputs. So our app is working smoothly as expected.
26
CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
5.1SUMMARY
I succeeded in achieving the goals that I set out for my project,
namely to make a useful app “Scientific Calculator: using Java and XML. The
language java provides a great platform to develop android apps. The android app
for scientific calculation will be useful for many. And also it was achieved
successfully.
5.2 CONCLUSION
Technology is introducing new innovations day by day, thus reducing
the time required to do things. My project is a first step to do simple calculations as
well as some complex scientific calculations. As this will be available as software,
no need for physical calculators at all. So I believe that this became a good and
simple project.
27
. REFERENCES
[1] .B. DeRenzi, “Improving Community Health Worker Performance through
Automated SMS,” 5th ICTD, 2012, pp. 25-34.
[2].J. Chen, L. Subramanian, E. Brewer, “SMS-Based Web Search for Low-end

Mobile Devices,” 16th MobiCom, 2010, pp. 125-135.
[3]. Kuldeep Yadav, “SMSAssassin: Crowd sourcing Driven Mobile-based System

for SMS Spam Filtering,” Workshop Hotmobile, 2011, pp. 1-6.
[4].M. Densmore, “Experiences with Bulk SMS for Health Financing in AUganda,”
ACM CHI, 2012, pp. 383-398.
[5].M. Teófilo, “MobileDeck: Turning SMS into a Rich User Experience,” 6th
MobiSys, No. 33, 2009
[1]https://www.codeacademy.com/
[2]https://www.github.com/
[3]https://www.codepen.com/
[4]https://www.w3schools.com/
[1]https://www.theclassroom.com/
28
APPENDIX
SOURCE CODE:
CODES IN XML FILES
//activity_main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:weightSum="9"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/input_user"
android:layout_height="0dp"
android:layout_weight="2"
android:background="@drawable/bgcolor2"
29
android:gravity="center|end"
android:hint="0"
android:maxLength="14"
android:padding="10dp"
android:textColor="#000000"
android:textColorHint="#000000"
android:textSize="50sp" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/sign_user"
android:gravity="center|end"
android:padding="10dp"
android:textColor="#000000"
android:textColorHint="#000000"
android:background="@drawable/bgcolor"
30
<LinearLayout
android:background="@drawable/background_btn1"
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:weightSum="5">
<Button
style="@style/Widget.AppCompat.Button.Borderless"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:onClick="btn_log"
android:text="log"
android:textAllCaps="false"
android:textColor="@color/WhiteText"
31
<Button
android:onClick="btn_ln"
android:text="ln"
<Button
android:onClick="btn_power"
32
android:text="xⁿ"
<Button
android:onClick="btn_root"
android:text="√"
<Button
33
android:onClick="btn_factorial"
android:text="!"
</LinearLayout>
<LinearLayout
34
android:gravity="center"
<Button
android:onClick="btn_sin"
android:text="sin"
<Button
35
android:onClick="btn_cos"
android:text="cos"
<Button
android:onClick="btn_tan"
android:text="tan"
36
</LinearLayout>
<LinearLayout
<Button
37
android:onClick="btn_7"
android:text="7"
<Button
android:text="8"
<Button
38
android:text="9"
<Button
android:onClick="btn_add"
android:text="+"
39
<ImageButton
android:onClick="btn_delete"
android:src="@drawable/ic_backspace_black_24dp" />
</LinearLayout>
<LinearLayout
<Button
40
android:text="4"
<Button
android:text="5"
41
<Button
android:text="6"
<Button
42
android:onClick="btn_subtract"
android:text="-"
<Button
android:onClick="btn_clear"
android:text="C"
</LinearLayout>
<LinearLayout
43
<LinearLayout
<LinearLayout
44
<Button
android:text="1"
<Button
45
android:text="2"
<Button
android:text="3"
<Button
46
android:onClick="btn_multiply"
android:text="×"
</LinearLayout>
<LinearLayout
<View
47
android:background="@drawable/background_btn1" />
<Button
android:text="0"
<Button
48
android:onClick="btn_dot"
android:text="."
<Button
android:onClick="btn_divide"
android:text="÷"
</LinearLayout>
49
</LinearLayout>
<LinearLayout
<Button
android:onClick="btn_equal"
android:text="="
50
</LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>
//border.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:shape="rectangle">
</LinearLayout>
CODES IN JAVA:
//MainActivity.java
package com.dataflair.scientificcalc;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
51
import android.widget.TextView;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
TextView user_input, sign_Box;
Double num1, num2, answer;

String sign, val_1, val_2;
boolean has_Dot;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
user_input = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.input_user);

sign_Box = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.sign_user);
has_Dot = false;
@SuppressLint("SetTextI18n")
public void btn_0(View view) {
user_input.setText(user_input.getText() + "0");
}
}
52
}
}
}
}
}
}
53
}
}
public void btn_dot(View view) {
if (!has_Dot) {
if (user_input.getText().equals("")) {
user_input.setText("0.");
} else {
user_input.setText(user_input.getText() + ".");
}
has_Dot = true;
}
public void btn_add(View view) {

sign = "+";
val_1 = user_input.getText().toString();
user_input.setText(null);
sign_Box.setText("+");
54
has_Dot = false;
}
public void btn_subtract(View view) {

sign = "-";
sign_Box.setText("-");
has_Dot = false;
}
public void btn_multiply(View view) {

sign = "*";
sign_Box.setText("×");
has_Dot = false;
}
public void btn_divide(View view) {

sign = "/";
sign_Box.setText("÷");
has_Dot = false;
}
public void btn_log(View view) {
sign = "log";
55
sign_Box.setText("log");
has_Dot = false;
}
public void btn_ln(View view) {
sign = "ln";
sign_Box.setText("ln");
has_Dot = false;
}
public void btn_power(View view) {

sign = "power";
has_Dot = false;
sign_Box.setText("xⁿ");
}
public void btn_factorial(View view) {

sign = "factorial";
has_Dot = false;
sign_Box.setText("!");
}
public void btn_sin(View view) {
sign = "sin";
56
has_Dot = false;
sign_Box.setText("sin");
}
public void btn_cos(View view) {
sign = "cos";
has_Dot = false;
sign_Box.setText("cos");
}
public void btn_tan(View view) {
sign = "tan";
has_Dot = false;
sign_Box.setText("tan");
}
public void btn_root(View view) {

sign = "root";
has_Dot = false;
sign_Box.setText("√");
public void btn_equal(View view) {
if (sign == null) {
sign_Box.setText("Error!");
57
} else if (user_input.getText().equals("")) {
} else if ((sign.equals("+") || sign.equals("-") || sign.equals("*") ||
sign.equals("/")) && val_1.equals("")) {
} else {
switch (sign) {
default:
break;
case "log":
num1 = Double.parseDouble(val_1);
user_input.setText(Math.log10(num1) + "");
sign = null;
sign_Box.setText(null);
break;
case "ln":
user_input.setText(Math.log(num1) + "");
sign = null;
break;
case "power":
num1 = Double.parseDouble((val_1));
user_input.setText(Math.pow(num1, num2) + "");
sign = null;
break;
58
case "root":
user_input.setText(Math.sqrt(num1) + "");
sign = null;
break;
case "factorial":
int i = Integer.parseInt(val_1) - 1;
while (i > 0) {
num1 = num1 * i;
i--;
}
user_input.setText(num1 + "");
sign = null;
break;
case "sin":
user_input.setText(Math.sin(num1) + "");
sign = null;
break;
case "cos":
59
user_input.setText(Math.cos(num1) + "");
sign = null;
break;
case "tan":
user_input.setText(Math.tan(num1) + "");
sign = null;
break;
case "+":
answer = num1 + num2;
user_input.setText(answer + "");
sign = null;
break;
case "-":
answer = num1 - num2;
sign = null;
break;
case "*":
60
answer = num1 * num2;
sign = null;
break;
case "/":
answer = num1 / num2;
sign = null;
break;
}
}
}
public void btn_delete(View view) {

if (user_input.getText().equals("")) {
} else {
int len = user_input.getText().length();
String s = user_input.getText().toString();
if (s.charAt(len - 1) == '.') {
has_Dot = false;
61
user_input.setText(user_input.getText().subSequence(0,
user_input.getText().length() - 1));
} else {
user_input.setText(user_input.getText().subSequence(0,
user_input.getText().length() - 1));
}
}
}
public void btn_clear(View view) {
val_1 = null;
val_2 = null;
sign = null;
has_Dot = false;
}
62

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PROFESSIONAL TRAINING REPORT

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

JEPPIAAR NAGAR, RAJIV GANDHI SALAI,

CHENNAI –600119, TAMILNADU.

This is to certify that this Professional Training Report is the bonafide

Head of the Department

Submitted for Viva voce Examination held on

Internal Examiner External Examiner

PLACE: CHENNAI SIGNATURE OF THE CANDIDATE

I am pleased to acknowledge my sincere thanks to the Board of

I convey my thanks to Dr. T.Sasikala M.E., Ph.D, Dean, School of

I would like to express my sincere and deep sense of gratitude to my

I wish to express my thanks to all Teaching and Non-teaching staff

1.2 IMPORTANCE OF SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR 13

2 AIM AND SCOPE OF THE SYSTEM

FIGURE NO FIGURE NAME PAGE NO

3.2 Architecture of JVM 20

4.1 App icon in mobile 23

4.2 User Interface 24

4.3 Tan Input 25

4.4 Tan Output 25

4.5 Factorial Input 26

4.6 Factorial Output 26

4.7 Square root Input 27

4.8 Square root Output 27

TABLE NO TABLE NAME PAGE NO

3.1 Arithmetic Operation 21

3.2 Trigonometric Operation 21

3.3 Other Operation 22

JVM - Java Virtual Machine

RAM - Random Access Memory

JDK - Java Development Kit

AVD - Android Virtual device

SDK - Software Development Kit

XML - eXtensible Markup Language

HTML - Hypertext Markup Language

1.1 OVERVIEW OF CALCULATOR

A calculator is a machine which allows people to do math operations

In addition to general purpose calculators, there are those designed for

1.2 IMPORTANCE OF SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR

2.1 OVERVIEW OF PROJECT

A literature review synthesizes scholarly literature on a

2.3.2 PURPOSE OF LITERATURE REVIEW

❖ Laptop with 4GB RAM

3.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

3.3 LANGUAGES USED

❖ XML stands for extensible Mark-up Language

Syntax of an XML program:

The following figure shows block diagram of the XML processor

Figure 3.1: XML processor

JAVA was developed by Sun Microsystems Inc in 1991, later acquired

Java Virtual Machine (JVM)

So, now that we understood that the primary function of JVM is to

The following figure shows the architecture of JVM

The main operations available in the app are:

3.4.1 ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS

Table 3.1 Arithmetic Operation

Operation Symbol Input 1 Input 2 Output