WINGS

(ATA 57)

DATE: 28 October 2023

 GENERAL

• wing is an airfoil and a principal structural unit consists of the surfaces providing lift
for the airplane.

• The wing assembly, together with the fittings, hold the wing to the fuselage.
Attached to the wings are the ailerons, flaps, slots and spoilers.

• The wing structure must be designed to carry.

1. The LIFT loads upward in normal flight.
2. The DRAG loads and anti loads,
แรงloads ตอน land
เ ม

3. The INERTIA loads downward in landing,

4. TWISTING due to movement of the center
ใน เป ยน
pressure. วย เ ยง
2 P
ของ การ

thrust will transfer force to the

wing

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ลี่
 WING TYPES

The wings are classified according to the internal construction and the wing installation

• BRACE WINGS strut • CANTILEVER WING ไ ม Struts

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 WING CONSTRUCTION

• Aluminum is the most common material for wing construction on aircraft.

• Modern aircraft are tending to made of carbon fiber or other composite
materials for lighter and stronger structure.

↳Aluminum Alloy

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 WING CONSTRUCTION
แ ง ฟ ผล เปลา ย
ว
• The internal structures of most wings are made up of spars and stringers
running span-wise, ribs and formers or bulkheads running chord-wise
cwing root to wing tiple spar

เ น cabel, Aluminum alloy

า โอม ตาม
ก หนด ค าย

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ที่
ค่
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ล้
ต่
ตั่
ำ
 WING SPARS
เ น แกน ห กของ ก

• Spars are the principal structural members of the wing.

-

• They run parallel to the lateral axis of the aircraft, from the fuselage toward tip of the wing.
• Currently, most manufactured aircraft have wing spars made of solid extruded aluminum
or aluminum extrusions riveted together to form the spar.
• Spars may be made in a variety of design.

เ น โลหะ ห อมา ง น เลย

Mono Spar
/ 1 Spar

Ribs 6
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 WING SPARS

Multi Spar
• One spar is usually located near the front of the wing. front par lod ตรง leading edgel

• Other spar about two thirds of the distance toward the wing's trailing edge. Rear Spar

etrailing edgel

&ibis
&

แ งSection, งไหลด ป าง เอ
แรง

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 WING SPARS

center

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 WING RIB
ตาม แนว Chord
• Wing rib is a chordwise member of the
wing structure.
• Wing ribs combine spars and stringers to
make up the framework of the wing.
2 โครงส าง

• They usually extend from the wing

leading edge to the trailing edge of the
wing. (Mono Spart
~

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 WING RIB

The rib themselves fulfil these

distinct function:
• To give the wing-section its
shape.
• To transmit the air loads
from the covering to the
spars.
• In metal-covering also
perform of making the skin
more rigid and less liable to
buckling or wrinkling.

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 WING STRINGERS

• Serving to reinforce the spanwise and

also the chordwise structure of the wing
are the STRINGERS.
• The stringers lie longitudinally across the
ribs. ด ribs
ขวาง

• The stringers may be shaped in any of

several forms by bending or by
extrusion.

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&
ตั
 WING ROOT & WING TIP

• At the inboard end of the wing

spars is some form of wing attach
fitting. These provide a strong and
secure method for attaching the
wing to the fuselage.
use bolt ในการ ป ระ คน ด เ า นwingcenterbox

Belly faring - ดเ าไป โดย สก

ใ ด

/carbonfiber , composite material 13

Parasite drag
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 WING SPARS

BOX BEAM type of wing construction uses two main longitudinal members with
connecting bulkheads to furnish additional strength and to give contour to the
wing.
ใ แทน spar บribs

อด บ เวณ wing tips

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 Winglet วย ประห ด น WING ROOT & WING TIP

• The wing tip is often a removable

unit, bolted to the outboard end of
the wing panel.

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ช่
 WING SKIN

รบ Par ribs
บ
น. น ควบ

• The skin on many wings is designed to carry part of the flight and ground loads in
combination with the spars and ribs. This is known as a stressed-skin design.
• Most transport and high performance aircraft use aluminum and composites to skin
the wings.

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คู่
 WING SKIN
บาง วน ของ Wing skin จะ
กระจาย หก
I
• honeycomb structure is built up from a
core material resembling a bee hive's
honeycomb which is laminated
between thin outer skin sheets.
• They have a variety of uses on the
aircraft, such as floor panels, bulkheads,
and control surfaces, as well as wing
skin panels.

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 comb
WING SKIN
honey
arMoy &

Aluminum

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AIRCRAFT COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION

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 FUEL STORAGE

• Part of the structure of the wings or fuselage is sealed with a fuel resistant
two-part sealant to form a fuel tank. The sealed skin and structural members
provide the highest volume of space available with the lowest weight. This
type of tank is called an integral fuel tank. fuselay
& ง เ น อา ย Wing
ชา
รอ a

carry
fuel

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 WING ATTACHMENTS

LANDING GEAR
• On many aircraft, the landing gear is
attached to the wings. Specifically, the
main gear attach point is the wing
spar(s) or a framework that is attached
to the spars.

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 WING ATTACHMENTS
น มาเด ม ด บ wing spar
PYLON
• The pylon structure is built out and
forward from the wing spars on most
aircraft. ง
แรงไป ง Pars
S

• It transfers the thrust developed by

the engines to the airframe through
the wing spars.
รบ ม. พ engine

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 WING ATTACHMENTS

ด น ing span
น

CONTROL SURFACES
• The wing spars are used to anchor
these devices since the loads
created by their use must be
transferred to the entire aircraft
through the wing structure.

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 SLAT CONSTRUCTION

ตรง ปลาย

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 FLAP CONSTRUCTION

-fo
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SPOILER CONSTRUCTION

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AILERON CONSTRUCTION

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 Questions

Question: 1
Most often, wings are of full _______________
cantilever design, which means they are built
so that no external bracing is needed.
Question: 2
The ____________
spars are the principle structural member of a wing.

Question: 3
A wing rib that is located entirely forward of the front spar that is used to shape
and strengthen the win leading edge is called a _________
nose rib or false rib.
Hose

Question: 4
____________________________________
Honeycomb structure panels have a variety of uses on the aircraft, such
as floor panels, bulkheads, and control surface, as well as wing skin panels.

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 Questions

Question: 5
The joints in the wings are sealed with a special fuel resistant sealant enabling
fuel to be stored directly inside the structure. This is knows as __________
wet
Net wing design.
wings

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