Mrs. CJ - Green Chemistry
Mrs. CJ - Green Chemistry
Mrs. CJ - Green Chemistry
C.Jeyalakshmi
Asst.Professor
Dept.of Chemistry
SCSVMV
Unit-I-Introduction to Green Chemistry
OBJECTIVES :
∙ To define “green chemistry” and place its birth and expansion in an historical context. ∙
To introduce the principles of green chemistry, outline examples, and establish the
arguments for our need to recognize green criteria in the practice of chemistry.
Prerequisite :
∙ Basic understandings of basic chemistry concepts
What is Green Chemistry?
We can say “Doing chemistry with personal safety and the Environment in
mind” is green chemistry.
Definition:
❖ Green chemistry is the design of chemical products and processes that
reduce or eliminate the use or generation of hazardous substances. ❖ G reen
chemistry applies across the life cycle of a chemical product, including its
design, manufacture, use, and ultimate disposal. Green chemistry is also known
as sustainable chemistry
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Unit-I-Introduction to Green Chemistry
Agriculture:
Fertilizers, pesticides.
Food:
Preservatives, packaging and food wraps, refrigerants. Transportation:
Petrol and diesel, catalytic converters to reduce exhaust
emissions. Clothing:
Sports:
Homes:
CHEMICAL DISASTERS:
1956: Minamata disease was first discovered in Minamata city in Japan.It was
caused by the release of methyl mercury in the industrial wastewater from a
chemical factory.
1961: Itai-itai disease was caused by cadmium poisoning due to mining in Toyama
Prefecture in Japan.
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Unit-I-Introduction to Green Chemistry
1976: The Seveso disaster was an industrial accident that occurred in a small
chemical manufacturing plant near Milan in Italy. It resulted in the highest known
exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxinin residential population.
1984: The Bhopal disaster was an industrial catastrophy that took place at a
pesticide plant owned and operated by Union Carbide (UCIL) in Bhopal India
resulting in the exposure of over 500,000 people. It was caused by methyl Iso
cyanate (MIC) gas.
1986: The Chernobyl disaster was a nuclear accident at the Chernobyl nuclear
plant in Ukraine. It resulted in a severe release of radioactive materials. Most
fatalities from the accident were caused by radiation poisoning.
1989: Exxon Valdez, an oil tanker hit a reef and spilled an estimated minimum
10.8 million US gallons (40.9 million litres) of crude oil. This has been recorded as
one of the largest spills in United States history and one of the largest ecological
disasters.
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Unit-I-Introduction to Green Chemistry
❖ Minimize:
–waste
–energy use
Canada: The Canadian Green Chemistry Medal is an annual award given to any
individual or group for promotion and development of green chemistry
Japan: In Japan, The Green & Sustainable Chemistry Network (GSCN), formed in
1999, is an organization consisting of representatives from chemical manufacturers
and researcher.
UK: In the United Kingdom, the Crystal Faraday Partnership, a non-profit group
founded in 2001, awards businesses annually for incorporation of green chemistry.
USA: United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
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Unit-I-Introduction to Green Chemistry
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Unit-I-Introduction to Green Chemistry
❖ The concept of end-of-pipe approaches to waste management decreased, and
strategies such as environmentally conscious manufacturing, eco-efficient
production, or pollution prevention gained recognition.
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Unit-I-Introduction to Green Chemistry
1.Prevention
It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it is formed.
2. Atom economy
Synthetic methods should be designed to maximize the incorporation of all materials used
in the process into the final product.
3. Less hazardous chemical syntheses
Wherever practicable, synthetic methodologies should be designed to use and generate
substances that possess little or no toxicity to human health and the environment. 4. Designing
safer chemicals
Chemical products should be designed to preserve efficacy of function while reducing
toxicity.
5.Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries
The use of auxiliary substances (e.g., solvents, separation agents, etc.) should be made
unnecessary wherever possible and innocuous when used.
6. Design for energy efficiency
The use of auxiliary substances (e.g. solvents, separation agents, etc.) should be made
unnecessary, wherever possible and innocuous when use.
8.Reduce derivatives
A raw material or feedstock should be renewable rather than depleting wherever
technically and economically practicable.
9.Catalysis
Reduce derivatives - Unnecessary derivation (blocking group, protection/ deprotection,
temporary modification) should be avoided whenever possible. Catalytic reagents (as selective as
possible) are superior to stoichiometric reagents.
Significant progress has been made in key research areas, such as atom economy,
alternative synthetic route for feedstock's and starting materials, biocatalysis, greensolvent,
biosorption, designing safer chemicals, energy and waste management.
Rearrangement Rxn: A mechanism step or reaction in which an atom or group migrates
from one carbon atom to another. The reaction often includes the breaking and/or making of
carbon-carbon sigma bonds.
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Unit-I-Introduction to Green Chemistry
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