ASANSOL ENGINEERING COLLEGE

• NAME: KRITI KUMARI

• DEPARTMENT: CSE
• CLASS ROLL NUMBER: 100
• SECTION: G3
• YEAR: FIRST
• SEMESTER: FIRST
• SUBJECT: PHYSICS-1
• SUBJECT CODE: BS-PH101
 TOPIC NAME
DIELECTRIC MATERIALS AND IT’S APPLICATION IN ENGINEERING.
DEFINITION OF A DIELECTRIC MATERIAL.
A dielectric material is a non-metallic substance having a high
specific resistance, a negative temperature coefficient of
resistance and a high insulating resistance. Another definition of
dielectric material is a non-conducting substance that holds
electrical charges.
When a dielectric material is placed in an electric
field, the electric charges do not flow through the material as
they do in a conductor, but only slightly shift from their average
equilibrium position causing dielectric polarization. Due to
dielectric polarization the positive charges are displaced towards
the field and the negative charges are shift in the opposite
direction. This creates an internal electric field that reduces the
overall field within the dielectric itself.
WHAT IS DIELECTRIC CONSTANT ?

The Dielectric constant of an insulator measures the ability of the

insulator to store electric energy in an electrical field.
The term Dielectric constant, also known as the relative
permittivity, is the permittivity of a material expressed as a ratio with the
electric permittivity of a vacuum.
Mathematically,
𝜀
𝑘 = 𝜀𝑟 =
𝜀0
Types of Dielectric Materials:

• ON THE BASIS OF POLAR-NON POLAR NATURE:

POLAR DIELECTRICS NON-POLAR DIELECTRICS

Centroids of positive and negative Centroids of positive and negative

charges of molecules constituting charges of molecules constituting
the dielectric material do not the dielectric material coincide.
coincide even in the absence of
electric field.
𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑠: 𝐻2 , 𝑁2 , 𝐶𝑂2 𝑒𝑡𝑐
Examples: HCl, CO, NaCl, 𝐻2 O
Types of Dielectric Materials:

• ON THE BASIS OF PHYSICAL STATES:

SOLID DIELECTRICS LIQUID DIELECTRICS GASEOUS DIELECTRICS

EXAMPLES: EXAMPLES: EXAMPLES:

1. Mica 1. Mineral Insulating Oil 1. Air

2. Glass 2. Synthetic Insulating Oil 2. Sulphur
3. Rubber Hexafluoride
4. Asbestos 3. Inert Gases
5. Ceramics 4. Nitrogen
Properties of Dielectric Materials:

• All dielectric materials are insulating materials.

• They are non-metallic materials of high resistivity.
• They have a very large Energy gap.
• The electrons are tightly bound to their parent nucleus.
• They have negative temperature coefficient of resistance and high
insulation resistance.
• They have the ability to store Electric Charges.
Applications of Dielectrics:

• Dielectrics are used in capacitors to store electric energy.

• They are used as an insulator and as a cooling agent in transformer.
• To enhance the performance of a semiconductor device, high permittivity
dielectric materials are used.
• Electrets are a processed dielectric material that acts as an electrostatic
equivalent to magnets.
• Ceramic dielectric is used in the Oscillator Dielectric Resonation.
• They are used in medical imaging techniques like magnetic resonance
imaging(MRI), where they influence the interaction of electro magnetic fields
with tissues.
• They play a role in microwave devices, such as waveguides and resonators,
where they are used to control the propagation of electromagnetic waves.
THANK YOU