The Excel Cheat Sheet

The Complete Beginner's Guide to Excel: How to Get the Most Out of It for
Maximum Productivity and Efficiency, Complete with Formulas, Functions,
and Useful Examples

Richard D. Powell
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including
photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods,
without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of
brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other
noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law.
Copyright © Linda M. Herring , 2023
Table of Content
Chapter 1: History of Excel
The Most Powerful, Customizable, and Widely Used Business Solution.
Chapter 2: Getting Started with Excel
Chapter 3: The Excel Ribbon
Chapter 4: Formatting Your Worksheet
Chapter 5: Managing Your Worksheets
Delete Excel Worksheet
Move or Copy an Excel Worksheet
Protect Cells in Excel Worksheet
Chapter 6: Editing Worsheets
Chapter 7: Creating Charts
Chapter 8: Creating Excell Formulas
Chapter 9: Printing in Excel
Chapter 1: History of Excel

The Most Powerful, Customizable, and Widely Used Business Solution.

Launched as Multiplan, a very well-liked CP/M (Control Program for

Microcomputers), Lotus 1-2-3 quickly overtook it as the preferred CP/M on
MS-DOS systems. Microsoft released Excel v2.0 for Windows in 1987, and
by 1988 it had started to outsell both Lotus 1-2-3 and the nascent
QuatroPro. Excel v5.0 for Windows, which contained VBA (Visual Basic
for Applications), often known as Macros, was published by Microsoft in
1993. This offered up practically limitless opportunities for automating
monotonous chores like computing numbers, automating corporate
processes, and displaying data.

Present Day Microsoft Excel

Today, thanks to the most recent versions of Excel 2019 and Excel365,
Microsoft Excel is the most well-known, adaptable, and popular business
program in the world since it can be used for virtually every business
operation. There is virtually nothing that this very effective combo cannot
handle when combined with the usage of additional Microsoft Office
programs, such as Word, Outlook, PowerPoint, etc.

Microsoft Excel and the Office Suite have a plethora of applications. Let's
take a look at the top 10 most used and potent built-in Excel features:

1. Efficiently model and analyze almost any data

2. Zero in on the right data points quickly

3. Create data charts in a single cell

 4. Access your spreadsheets from virtually anywhere

5. Connect, share, and accomplish more when working together

6. Take advantage of more interactive and dynamic PivotCharts

7. Add more sophistication to your data presentations

8. Do things easier and faster

9. Harness more power for building bigger, more complex spreadsheets

10. Publish and share through Excel Services

Now that you can personalize and automate any task using VBA, you have
a fantastic BI (Business Intelligence) platform with additional value that is
adaptable and creative enough to address practically any business need.

Are you interested in using Microsoft Excel to solve business problems?

Utilize the expertise of Excel Help. We have collaborated with companies
of all sizes and in every sector. From well-known brands to small
businesses, we can assist you in streamlining your operations using
Microsoft Excel and other Microsoft products.

The Future of Excel

Where do we go from here? With the internet central to our lives and
business, it makes sense that the needs of the many will prevail. As the
Microsoft platforms continue to evolve, it becomes a full time job to stay
up-to-date on the emerging technologies. Microsoft Excel will keep it’s
position as the top platform to analyze data, create charts and presentations,
and integrate with powerful tools for visual dashboards and BI workflows.

Businesses are utilizing cloud computing more and more due to the data's
accessibility and cooperation. In this area, we anticipate Microsoft Excel's
development to pick up speed over the next years, enabling multi-user
access to enormous data sets for analysis, reporting, and significant
productivity gains.
Custom solutions are necessary to keep the advantage over competitors and
maximize earnings in the cutthroat business environment of today. The
most knowledgeable sources for both current and new technology are
Microsoft Excel consultants. Utilizing the full strength and efficiency
required to succeed in the 21st century requires having an experienced
advisor on retainer. For Excel training and solutions, get in touch with us
right now.
Chapter 2: Getting Started with Excel
What is Excel
Microsoft created and released Excel, a spreadsheet program. It is a
component of the Microsoft Office productivity software package.
Excel arranges data in columns and rows, unlike word processors like
Microsoft Word. Cells are the places where rows and columns cross. Each
cell is filled with information, such as text, a number, or a formula.
When Excel was first being developed, Odyssey was its code name. The
original release date was September 30, 1985.
Excel is a program used to arrange data and make computations on it. It can
do data analysis, statistics computation, create pivot tables, and display data
as charts or graphs.
You might, for instance, design an Excel spreadsheet that computes a
monthly budget, keeps track of related costs, and interactively organizes the
data according to criteria.
The primary sections of Microsoft Excel are highlighted in the sample
below. For further details on each part, click on the tab links for the formula
bar, cell, column, row, or sheet.
What is Excel used for
Excel. Chances are, that word alone inspires visions of lengthy
spreadsheets, complicated macros, and the occasional pivot table or bar
graph.
Excel has indeed become the industry standard in businesses throughout the
world for just about everything that involves the administration of big
volumes of data, with more than one billion people using Microsoft Office
internationally.
Excel isn't only for making you go blind when staring at a bunch of figures
and financial reports, so don't be too sure. There are many uses of Excel in
business (and beyond), as Tomasz Tunguz shows out, beyond from
straightforward spreadsheets. In reality, there are many possible
applications.
There is no way for us to create a list that includes all conceivable uses for
Excel (even if you were up for reading a War and Peace-sized listicle).
However, we've included a variety of ways that you may use Excel—both
professionally and personally, as well as simply for fun—in an effort to
highlight the versatility and power of everyone's favorite spreadsheet
application.
purely numerical
Of course, numbers are what Excel is really used for. Excel makes it simple
to filter, retrieve, and analyze big (or even little!) amounts of data.
When using Excel for anything involving numbers, bear in mind the
following general categories.
1. Calculating
Find yourself running the same calculations over and over again? Build
yourself a totally customized calculator in Excel by programming your
commonly-used formulas. That way, you just need to punch in your digits
and Excel will spit the answer out for you—no elbow grease required.
2. Accounting
Budget plans, forecasts, expense tracking, financial reports, loan
calculators, and more. Excel was pretty much designed to meet these
different accounting needs. And, considering that 89 percent of companies
utilize Excel for its various accounting functions, it obviously fits the bill.
Excel even has numerous different spreadsheet templates to make all of
those processes that much easier.
3. Charting
The list of chart types includes pie charts, scatter charts, line charts, bar
charts, area charts, and column charts. Excel's capability to turn rows and
columns of numbers into lovely charts is sure to become one of your
favorite features if you need to find a method to portray data in a more
visual and understandable way.
Do you want to learn more about the different kinds of charts that Excel can
make? This essay is a valuable tool.
4. Inventory tracking
Tracking inventory can be a headache. Fortunately, Excel can help to keep
employees, business owners, or even individuals organized and on top of
their inventory—before any major problems crop up.
Making a plan
Let’s move on from the numbers—there are plenty of things that Excel can
help you plan and organize that don’t necessarily involve endless rows of
digits.
5. Calendars and schedules
Need to map out a content calendar for your blog or website? Lesson plans
for your classroom? A PTO schedule for you and all of your co-workers? A
daily schedule for you or your family? When it comes to various calendars,
Excel can be surprisingly robust.
6. Seating charts
From a large corporate luncheon to a wedding, arranging a seating chart can
be a royal headache. Fortunately, Excel can make it a total breeze. If you’re
a real whiz, you’ll be able to automatically create your seating chart using
your spreadsheet of RSVPs. Need help getting this done? This article
provides a detailed walkthrough of how you can create a seating chart in
Excel.
7. Goal planning worksheet
From professional goals to fitness goals to financial goals, it helps to have
something to keep you focused and on track. Enter the beauty of Excel.
Using the tool, you can create various worksheets, logs, and planning
documents to help you monitor your progress—and, hopefully, cross the
finish line.

7. Goal planning worksheet

Having objectives may help you stay focused and on course, whether they
be for your career, your fitness, or your finances. Let's talk about Excel's
attractiveness. You may make a variety of spreadsheets, diaries, and
planning papers using the program to track your development and,
hopefully, reach 8. Mock-ups
When it comes to design, Excel might not be the first platform that springs
to mind. You may, however, utilize the program to put up numerous mock-
ups and prototypes, which may surprise you. In fact, it's a very common
option for making dashboards and wireframes for websites.

Getting stuff done

Want to kick your productivity into high gear? Well, Excel can swoop in
and save the day with a variety of uses that can help you tackle your tasks
and to-dos with ease and organization.
9. Task list
Delete your traditional paper and pen to-do list. You can create a far more
comprehensive work list with Excel, and you can even monitor your
progress on the bigger tasks you presently have on your plate. the
destination.
10. Charts for project management
Excel is a real beast when it comes to making charts, as we've already
mentioned. This idea also applies to many charts used in project
management.
There are several ways that Excel may assist keep your project on track,
from waterfall charts to oversee your team's progress to kanban style boards
(exactly like Trello!) to keep things organized.

Excel File Types

You may download Excel to utilize for a variety of purposes. It provides a
number of tools, pivot tables, and VBA capabilities for calculating or
computing.
WPS spreadsheet provides a variety of spreadsheet templates for different
purposes, such as calendar, financial report, graphs, charts, to-do list, etc., to
assist you in getting started. It is possible to input several graphs, shapes,
equations, symbols, formulae, equations, and tables. Spreadsheets may also
be used to add a variety of text and do other helpful tasks.

File formats that Excel supports

Excel is compatible with a wide range of file types that you may utilize for
various purposes. The following excel file types are supported by WPS: xls,
xlsx, xlt, xltx, csv, xlsm, xltm, xlsb, ets, et, ett. Excel helps you open all the
file types and even convert them to other file types. Here are the details of
three common excel file types.
1. ET
a file format for excel. Spreadsheet files with the ET extension were
generated using WPS. In ET files, data is kept in rows and columns of cells,
allowing for charts and calculations. Spreadsheets' native spreadsheet type
is this one. However, it may be altered to various excel file formats that are
supported by a number of other spreadsheet programs.

2. ETS
The major use of ETT files, which are similar to ET files in that they hold
rows and columns of data as well as charts and graphs, is the reproduction
of spreadsheets with a similar layout and content. The Spreadsheets
applications come with a few ETT templates, and you can download more
from the software itself. Other Excel file formats can be created using ETT
templates. WPS is also the source of this Excel file format.
3. XLSX
Tables are used to store, organize, and analyze data in spreadsheet programs
that employ XLSX files. Each cell may be filled with text, numbers, and
mathematical expressions. It is one of the most popular types of Excel files.

How to identify the kind of Excel file

You may use this easy way to determine the file type of an excel file if you
are unsure of the nature of the file you have saved.
Do a right-click on the file.
Select the properties button.
It will display a toolbox with details about the kind of Excel file.
How to open various types of Excel files
Various spreadsheet apps can open a variety of spreadsheet file formats. All
of the aforementioned file types are supported by WPS; all you need to do
is download it. With WPS, spreadsheets may be viewed, edited, or created
without an internet connection. WPS 2016/2019 and previous versions
support a variety of file formats. WPS Office is compatible with a variety of
platforms, including Mac, Android, and PC.
Did you study how to use Excel Spreadsheets to open various file types? To
discover more about the functionality of Word documents, Excel
spreadsheets, and PowerPoint slides, follow WPS Academy.
You may also download WPS Office for free if you want to edit Word,
Excel, or PowerPoint documents. Get it today! and enjoy a simple and fun
working environment.
What is a Workbook
In Microsoft Excel, a workbook is a collection of one or more spreadsheets,
also called worksheets, in a single file. Below is an example of a
spreadsheet called "Sheet1" in an Excel workbook file called "Book1." Our
example also has the "Sheet2" and "Sheet3" sheet tabs, which are also part
of the same workbook.
Difference between a workbook, worksheet, and spreadsheet
Due to the similarities between the phrases "spreadsheet," "workbook," and
"worksheet," it may be difficult to distinguish between them. You open a
workbook when you launch Microsoft Excel, a spreadsheet application.
Through the tabs at the bottom of the worksheet you are now reading, you
can access one or more distinct worksheets that are contained in a
workbook. The most perplexing thing is that a worksheet and a spreadsheet
are often used interchangeably. In other words, the terms "spreadsheet" and
"worksheet" are interchangeable. However, the majority of people simply
use the terms "spreadsheet application" and "spreadsheet file" to describe
the software and its output.
Creating a new workbook
Use the instructions below for your version of Excel to create a new
workbook.
Microsoft Excel 2013 and later
Open Excel.
Click the File tab.
Click New.
Click Blank workbook.
Microsoft Excel 2010
Open Excel.
Click the File tab at the top of the window.
Click New
Click Blank workbook.
Microsoft Excel 2007
Open Excel.
Click the Office Button
Select Blank and recent.
In the right pane, double-click Blank workbook.
What is a worksheet
A worksheet is a piece of paper that pupils get from their teachers listing
activities they must do.
standard ESL worksheets
Every topic uses worksheets (for example maths, geography etc).
A worksheet in English instruction often focuses on one particular area of
learning and is frequently used to practice a specific topic that has just been
learnt or presented.
ESL worksheets for English language learners are available already created
by specialized publishers and websites or can be created by teachers.
An ESL worksheet may or may not contain a matching answersheet,
depending on the topic and complexity, as well as how the teacher may
present or elicit responses.
By definition, a worksheet is limited to one or two pages (that is a single
"sheet", front and back).
A typical ESL worksheet usually:
is limited to one topic
has an interesting layout
is fun to do
can be completed in a fairly short space of time
How to Open an Exixting Workbook
Opening a Workbook
When you first start Excel, a blank default workbook is loaded. You can use
this blank workbook to start a new worksheet. But what if you have already
used (saved and closed) the default workbook? At this point you have a
couple of options. One would be to open a workbook stored on disk;
another would be to create another new Excel workbook file.
Opening an Existing Workbook
You open an existing workbook using the Open screen, illustrated in Figure
2-1. By clicking the browse button shown in Figure 2-1 to make the Open
Dialogue box appears Figure 2-2. Besides specifying a file to open, you can
also tell Excel to search for a particular file based on a set of criteria, such
as a word or property it contains. The Open dialog box also contains several
tools that allow you to change the view in the Open dialog box. Most of
these tools, similar to those used in My Computer navigation, will be
familiar to you already.

Method
Click the FILE button and select Open to open an existing workbook.
If the file you want to open isn't shown in the Open screen, click "Browse"
to choose the desired disk or directory.
Choose the required file from the file list box.
Select Open.
To select and open the file, you may alternatively double-click on it.
Exercise
You will open an existing worksheet and then shut it in the activity that
comes next.
Load Excel. [Excel loads, and Book1 appears].
Click the FILE button and choose OPEN. [The Open Screen appears].
Click Browse and in drop-down list box, select the required drive or
directory.
In the file list box, under NAME, double-click the Data folder.
In the file list box, select Budget May.
Choose Open. [Budget May opens].
Close the open Budget May workbook. Do not save any changes. [The
worksheet window is blank].
Creating a New Workbook
When you create a new Excel workbook, you have the option of choosing
one of its built-in workbook templates. Depending on how Excel was
installed, these could include templates for purchase orders, expense
reports, invoices, and more. The template you’ll use the most, however, will
probably be the blank workbook. Although you can access the blank
workbook template via the NEW command from the FILE BUTTON menu,
there is an easier way.
Method
A previously used workbook can be opened by selecting it from the File
menu.
Exercise
You will open and close a previously used workbook in the next exercise.
Choose Budget May under File from the menu. [The chosen file is opened].
Publish the active worksheet.
Note: The files that haven't been opened in a while will be pushed out of the
bottom of the list by the more recent ones. By selecting the push-pin icon
next to a file you want to keep in the list, you may override this. Better
Coffee Sales has been permanently preserved in the list in Figure 2-5. To
remove the file from the list's permanent residence, click the icon once
again.
How to save a Workbook
All of your saving is done on the File tab, whether you want to save your
workbook locally or online, for instance.
While you may save an existing workbook using Save or by pressing
Ctrl+S in its current place, you must use Save As to create a copy of your
workbook in the same or a different location or to save your workbook for
the first time in a new area.
It should be noted that if you attempt to export a workbook with macros
enabled (.xlsm) as a standard workbook (.xlsx), macros won't be stored in
the new file, which might cause functionality to be lost. VBA macros are an
effective approach to automate a sizable amount of work. Consider saving
the macros or retaining the macro-enabled file until you are sure the new
file has the functionality you expect.
1. Click File > Save As.
2. Under Save As, pick the place where you want to save your
workbook. For example, to save to your desktop or in a folder on
your computer, click Computer.
3. Click Browse to find the location you want in your Documents folder.
To pick another location on your computer, click Desktop, and
then pick the exact place where you want to save your workbook.
4. In the File name box, enter a name for a new workbook. Enter a
different name if you’re creating a copy of an existing workbook.
5. To save your workbook in a different file format (like .xls or .txt), in
the Save as type list (under the File name box), pick the format you
want.
6. Click Save.
Chapter 3: The Excel Ribbon
Excel Ribbon Tabs Explained
Excel ribbon
Microsoft Excel ribbon is the row of tabs and icons at the top of the Excel
window that allows you to quickly find, understand and use commands for
completing a certain task. It looks like a kind of complex toolbar, which it
actually is.
The ribbon first appeared in Excel 2007 replacing the traditional toolbars
and pull-down menus found in previous versions. In Excel 2010, Microsoft
added the ability to personalize the ribbon.
Tabs, groups, dialog launchers, and command buttons are the four
fundamental parts of Excel's ribbon.
Multiple commands are properly subdivided into groups on the ribbon tab.
A ribbon group is a collection of closely linked instructions that is typically
used in conjunction with another activity.
A little arrow in the bottom-right corner of a group is a dialog launcher;
clicking it displays further related instructions. When there are more
commands in a group than there is room for, dialog launchers emerge.
The command button is the one you press to carry out a certain action.

Ribbon tabs
The standard Excel ribbon contains the following tabs, from left to right:
File – allows you to jump into the backstage view that contains the essential
file-related commands and Excel options. This tab was introduced in Excel
2010 as the replacement for the Office button in Excel 2007 and the File
menu in earlier versions.
Home – contains the most frequently used commands such as copying and
pasting, sorting and filtering, formatting, etc.
Insert – is used for adding different objects in a worksheet such as images,
charts, PivotTables, hyperlinks, special symbols, equations, headers and
footers.
Draw – depending on the device type you're using, it lets you draw with a
digital pen, mouse, or finger. This tab is available in Excel 2013 and later,
but like the Developer tab it is not visible by default.
Page Layout – provides tools to manage the worksheet appearance, both
onscreen and printed. These tools control theme settings, gridlines, page
margins, object aligning, and print area.
Formulas – contains tools for inserting functions, defining names and
controlling the calculation options.
Data – holds the commands for managing the worksheet data as well as
connecting to external data.
Review – allows you to check spelling, track changes, add comments and
notes, protect worksheets and workbooks.
View – provides commands for switching between worksheet views,
freezing panes, viewing and arranging multiple windows.
Help – only appears in Excel 2019 and Office 365. This tab provides quick
access to the Help Task Pane and allows you to contact Microsoft support,
send feedback, suggest a feature, and get quick access to training videos.
Developer – provides access to advanced features such as VBA macros,
ActiveX and Form controls and XML commands. This tab is hidden by
default and you have to enable it first.
Add-ins – appears only when you open an older workbook or load an add-in
that customizes the toolbars or menu.

Contextual ribbon tabs

The Excel ribbon also features context-sensitive tabs, also known as Tool
Tabs, which only appear when a specific item, such as a table, chart, shape,
or picture is selected. These tabs are in addition to the continuous tabs
mentioned above. For instance, the Design and Format options will show up
under Chart Tools if you pick a chart.
Tip. If you are just starting out in Excel, Ribbon Hero might come in handy.
It's a game created by Office Labs to help people explore the most useful
features of the Office ribbon. Although this project is not actively
developed or supported further, it is still available for download on the
Microsoft web-site.

How to hide ribbon in Excel

By hitting the shortcut Ctrl + F1, you may shrink the ribbon to provide your
worksheet data as much room as possible (this is especially important when
using a laptop with a tiny screen).
Alternatively, you may fully conceal the ribbon by selecting Auto-hide
Ribbon from the Ribbon Display Options menu found in the Excel
window's top right corner.
How to show the Excel ribbon again
Press Ctrl + F1 to restore all commands if they abruptly vanished from your
Excel ribbon and all that was left were the tab titles.
Click the Ribbon Display Options button and select Show Tabs and
Commands if the complete ribbon is absent.
How to change the ribbon in Excel
You can also quickly customize the ribbon to your needs so that you will
always know where everything is.
The Customize Ribbon panel under Excel Options serves as your entry
point for the majority of adjustments. The quickest way to get there is to
right-click the ribbon and choose Customize the Ribbon... from the context
menu:
From there, you may adjust the order of tabs and groups, create your own
custom tabs, display, hide, rename tabs, and do a lot more.

How to show Developer tab in Excel

The Developer tab is a very useful addition to the Excel ribbon that allows
you to access a number of advanced features such as VBA macros, ActiveX
and Form controls, XML commands, and more. The problem is that the
Developer tab is hidden by default. Luckily, it's very easy to enable it. For
this, right-click the ribbon, click Customize the Ribbon, select Developer
under Main Tabs, and click OK.
In the same manner, you can activate other tabs that are available in Excel
but not visible on the ribbon, e.g. the Draw tab.
Quick Access Toolbar
In addition to the ribbon that accommodates most commands available to
you in Excel, a small set of frequently used commands is located on a
special toolbar at the top of the Excel window for quick access, hence the
toolbar name.
Chapter 4: Formatting Your Worksheet
Microsoft Excel provides many options and tools for formatting a
spreadsheet. You can adjust data in a cell, change the size of rows and
columns, add conditional formatting, and more. To learn how to format a
spreadsheet in Microsoft Excel, make a selection from the next section, and
follow the instructions.Microsoft Excel provides many options and tools for
formatting a spreadsheet. You can adjust data in a cell, change the size of
rows and columns, add conditional formatting, and more. To learn how to
format a spreadsheet in Microsoft Excel, make a selection from the next
section, and follow the instructions.
To change the font type, size, or color, select the cell you want to change,
then the appropriate option on the Home tab Font section on the Ribbon.

To change a cell's text format, on the Home tab Font section of the Ribbon,
click the B icon for bold, I icon for italic, or U icon for underline.
Change the background color of a cell
In Excel, you can change the background color of a cell to a wide variety of
colors to highlight specific data in a spreadsheet
 .
Select the cell you wish to edit to change its background color. Click the
paint bucket in the Home tab's Font area on the Ribbon. From the drop-
down menu, choose the preferred background color, or select More Colors
for more options.
Around one or more cells, add a border.
To group or separate cells in Excel, you may place a border around them.
This increases data visibility and readability. Additionally, you may select
the style and thickness of the border from a variety of options.

Choose the cells to which you wish to add a border before adding one.
Click the symbol with a cross and a black line on the bottom of the box in
the Home tab Font section of the Ribbon. Choose the sort of border you
wish to apply around the cells in the drop-down window.
Right-click the chosen cells and select Format Cells to see more border
choices and styles. Select the preferred border style by clicking the Border
option in the Format Cells box.

Change the alignment of data in a cell

In Excel, you can change the horizontal and vertical alignment of data in a
cell. You can also indent the data in a cell, if desired.
Choose the desired cell and then alter the alignment or indentation. Click
the icon for the preferred alignment choice located in the Alignment section
of the Ribbon's Home tab. In the top row of icons, the horizontal alignment
choices have three lines in the icon, while the vertical alignment options
have six lines in the icon (bottom row of icons).
Click the symbol with two bold lines and an arrow pointing to the right to
indent the data in a cell. Click the symbol with two bold lines and an arrow
pointing left to remove the indentation of data in a cell.
How to align text in Microsoft Excel, Calc, and Google Sheets.
Change the data type for a cell
In Excel, you can change, or format, the type of data in a cell. For example,
you can change the data to display a currency, displaying a currency symbol
next to the left of it. Other data types you can change data to include
numerical with decimal places, date, time, percentage, fraction, and text.

Pick the cell whose data type you wish to modify. Select the data type by
clicking the drop-down list next to it in the Number section of the Ribbon's
Home tab.
Click the dollar sign or percent icon, respectively, beneath the data type
drop-down menu to change the data type to currency or percentage. You
may select from a variety of currencies, including Chinese and European
currencies, by clicking the down arrow to the right of the dollar sign
symbol.
The methods listed below can be used in addition to the approach
mentioned above to modify the format of the cells.

Right-click the cell.

Click Format cells.
In the Format Cells window (shown below), select the number format you'd
like to use. For example, if you wanted the cell to be shown as a dollar
amount, select Currency.

Format cells categories

Below is a brief description about each of the number format categories
found in the Format Cells window.
General - No specific number format is used in the default format.
Number: A general number display with the option to change the decimal
place.
Currency is a format for displaying financial values that allows you to
change the decimal and symbol.
Accounting - Similar to the currency format when the decimal points and
currency symbols are lined together.
Display the number using the date format. As an illustration, 10/28/22 or
October 28, 2022
Time: Format the number as a time. 6:00:01:20, for instance.
Percentage: Display the number with the option to change the decimal place
in a percentage format.
Display the number as a fraction by selecting this option.
Scientific: Display the number in a scientific notation with the option to
change the decimal places, such as 1.38E+19.
Text – Regardless of whether it contains numbers, treat all text in the cells
just as text.
Special - Numbers with special formatting, such as social security numbers,
phone numbers, and zip codes.
Custom - Use one of many different custom formats to display numbers.
Configure conditional formatting for a single cell or several cells.
Based on the information in a cell, conditional formatting may be applied in
Excel. Setting a cell's background color automatically is possible with
conditional formatting. Setting the backdrop color to green, yellow, or red
depending on the numerical information in the cells is a frequent
application of conditional formatting.

Choose the cells that need conditional formatting to be applied. Select a

pre-defined rule by clicking the Conditional Formatting icon in the Styles
section of the Ribbon's Home tab, or click New Rule to add your own.
Enter and choose the appropriate criteria and parameters in the window that
appears if you used a pre-defined conditional formatting rule. If you choose
to create a new rule, then choose a Rule Type, then fill out the New
Formatting Rule window with the necessary circumstances and settings.
Change a column's width or a row's height
To fit all text or data, you may change the width or height of a column or
row in Excel. Making these width or height adjustments can make data in
the spreadsheet easier to read and understand.
Microsoft Excel home tab format options
There are two ways you can change the width of a column or height of a
row. On the Home tab, in the Cells section on the Ribbon, click the Format
option. In the drop-down menu, select Column Width or Row Height to
change the size of the selected column or row. In the Column Width or Row
Height window that opens, enter the desired width or height value.

Excel column arrow for adjusting width

The second way is to use your mouse to change the column width or row
height. For a column width change, in the horizontal header bar, place the
mouse cursor between the column you want to change. The cursor changes
to a cross with arrows on either side of the horizontal line in it. Press and
hold the left mouse button, then drag the mouse to the left or right to change
the column width. Release the left mouse button to set the new column
width.
For a row height change, in the vertical header bar, place the mouse cursor
between the row you want to change. The cursor changes to a cross, with
arrows on top and bottom of the vertical line in the cross. Press and hold the
left mouse button, then drag the mouse up or down to change the row
height. Release the left mouse button to set the new row height.

Change column header names

In Excel, the column headers are labeled as A, B, C, D, etc. Unfortunately,
there is no ability to change these column headers. Instead, you need to
enter names into row 1.
To set your own column headers, if you have data in row 1 of the
spreadsheet, insert a new row above row 1. To make the column headers
stand out from the rest of the data in the columns, consider adding
background color and bold formatting.
Chapter 5: Managing Your Worksheets
An Excel worksheet is a piece of software or a document that assembles
rows and columns intended to store data in a structured way. A user of an
Excel spreadsheet may also use statistical and mathematical reasoning to
the data and modify it to meet the needs of corporate strategy.
This was a succinct overview of Excel Worksheet. You will discover how to
build a new Excel Worksheet in the next section.
How to Create an Excel Worksheet?
To create a new Excel worksheet, you need to follow the steps mentioned
below.
By default, when you start Microsoft Excel, there is an option of selecting a
variety of worksheets, as shown below.

You can select the option based on the requirements. For now, create a
blank worksheet. The blank worksheet looks as shown below.

Insert a New Excel Worksheet

There might be a situation where you would need to include another
worksheet along the side of the existing worksheet. This collection of Excel
Worksheets is called an Excel Workbook. To insert a new worksheet, you
can right-click on the sheet name in the bottom sheet tracker tray, as shown
below.

By selecting the new worksheet option from the available options, you can
create a new worksheet as displayed below.
You may choose the option to include a new sheet in the new dialogue box
that will now display on the screen.
You will discover how to rename a worksheet in the next section.
Excel Worksheet Rename
By performing a right-click on the sheet name and choosing the rename
option from the dialogue box as shown below, you may rename the Excel
Worksheet.

In the next segment, you will learn how to delete a worksheet.

Delete Excel Worksheet

If you wish to eliminate the Excel Worksheet, you must right-click onto the
worksheet tab and select the delete option from the dialogue box as shown
below.
Worksheets in Excel can also be hidden. Now, you will see how that can be
done.

Hide Excel Worksheet

Sometimes, you might have to keep a particular worksheet hidden. You can
achieve this by right-clicking the worksheet name on the worksheet tray and
selecting the hide option from the dialogue box, as shown below.
If you want to unhide the hidden worksheet, you can right-click on the
existing worksheet and choose the option of Unhide, as shown below.

The following dialogue box will show the list of hidden sheets, and you can
choose the sheet you wish to unhide, as shown below.
In the next part, you will learn to move or copy an Excel Worksheet

Move or Copy an Excel Worksheet

To move or copy an excel worksheet, you must right-click on the sheet

name you wish to move or copy and select the option of copy or move
option from the dialogue box as shown below.
After selecting the option, you will find a new dialogue box, as shown
below.

The first step is to select the workbook where you want to copy or move the
current worksheet. It can be the current workbook or a different workbook,
as shown below.
The next step is to select if you want to move (cut and paste) the worksheet
or copy the worksheet. If you wish to copy the sheet, then make sure you
select the tick option as shown below.

If you wish to move the worksheet to a new workbook, then select the new
workbook option in the first menu and do not select the tick in the last
option that reads "make a copy".
In the upcoming part, you will learn to protect the cells in the excel
worksheet.

Protect Cells in Excel Worksheet

To protect the cells in the Excel Worksheet, you should right-click on the
sheet and select the safeguard cells option on the dialogue box, as shown
below.

The following dialogue box will help you select the contents on the sheet
with a password, as shown below.
Chapter 6: Editing Worsheets
Editting Cell Contents
In Excel, everything you type replaces any existing data when you choose a
cell and begin entering.
In order to modify a cell that already contains text, numbers, or a formula,
you must first enter edit mode. Once there, you may make the necessary
modifications.
In Excel, there are two ways to change a cell's contents:
1. Making the changes directly in the cell
2. Making the changes in the formula bar

Edit the Cell by Entering Data/Formula Directly in the Cell

To edit the content of a cell by making the changes directly within the cell,
you first need to get into the ‘Edit’ mode.
The edit mode is where your cursor starts blinking within the cell so that
you can place it anywhere and make changes.

The keyboard shortcut F2 (in Windows) or Control + U is the quickest way

to enter the edit mode in the cell (in Mac)
Your cursor will begin flashing inside the selected cell when you press the
keyboard shortcut F2, allowing you to navigate the cursor about the cell or
pick out specific pieces of its content to edit.
Note: F2 might not function in your system if the Function key is
deactivated. Try using the keyboard shortcut Fn + F2 in that situation (hold
the Function key and press the F2 key)
Once you’re done making the changes, hit the Enter key or select any other
cell in the worksheet.
Another way to get into the edit mode is by double clicking on the cell that
you want to edit. This will again bring the cursor to the cell that you use to
edit the cell

Find and Replace

Find

To find something, press Ctrl+F, or go to Home > Editing > Find &
Select > Find.

In the Find what: box, type the text or numbers you want to find, or
click the arrow in the Find what: box, and then select a recent search
item from the list.
Tips: You can use wildcard characters — question mark (?), asterisk (*),
tilde (~) — in your search criteria.

● Use the question mark (?) to find any single character — for
example, s?t finds "sat" and "set".
 ● Use the asterisk (*) to find any number of characters — for
example, s*d finds "sad" and "started".

● Use the tilde (~) followed by ?, *, or ~ to find question marks,

asterisks, or other tilde characters — for example, fy91~? finds
"fy91?".

2. Click Find All or Find Next to run your search.

Tip: When you click Find All, every occurrence of the criteria that
you are searching for will be listed, and clicking a specific
occurrence in the list will select its cell. You can sort the results of a
Find All search by clicking a column heading.
3. Click Options>> to further define your search if needed:

● Within: To search for data in a worksheet or in an entire

workbook, select Sheet or Workbook.

● Search: You can choose to search either By Rows (default), or

By Columns.

● Look in: To search for data with specific details, in the box, click
Formulas, Values, Notes, or Comments.
 ○ Match case - Check this if you want to search for case-
sensitive data.

○ Match entire cell contents - Check this if you want to search

for cells that contain just the characters that you typed in the
Find what: box.

If you want to search for text or numbers with specific formatting, click
Format, and then make your selections in the Find Format dialog box.

Replace

To replace text or numbers, press Ctrl+H, or go to Home > Editing > Find
& Select > Replace.
 1. In the Find what: box,
type the text or numbers you want to find, or click the arrow in the Find
what: box, and then select a recent search item from the list.

2. In the Replace with: box, enter the text or numbers you want to use to
replace the search text.

3. Click Replace All or Replace.

4. Click Options>> to further define your search if needed

Within: To search for data in a worksheet or in an entire workbook, select

Sheet or Workbook.
Search: You can choose to search either By Rows (default), or By Columns.

Look in: To search for data with specific details, in the box, click Formulas,
Values, Notes, or Comments.
Chapter 7: Creating Charts
Types of Charts
For a description of each chart type, select an option from the following
drop-down list.
1. Column chart
2. Line chart
3. Pie and doughnut charts
4. Doughnut charts
5. Bar chart
6. Area chart
7. XY (scatter) and bubble chart
8. Bubble chart
9. Stock chart
10. Surface chart
11. Radar charts
12. Treemap chart (Office 2016 and newer versions only)
13. Sunburst chart (Office 2016 and newer versions only)
14. Histogram charts (Office 2016 and newer versions only)
15. Box and Whisker charts (Office 2016 and newer versions only)
16. Waterfall charts (Office 2016 and newer versions only)
17. Funnel charts (Office 2016 and newer versions only)
18. Combo charts (Office 2013 and newer versions only)
19. Map chart (Excel only)

How to Create a Chart

A simple chart in Excel can say more than a sheet full of numbers. As you'll
see, creating charts is very easy.
Create a Chart
To create a line chart, execute the following steps.

1. Select the range A1:D7.

2. On the Insert tab, in the Charts group, click the Line symbol.

3. Click Line with Markers

Result

Note: enter a title by clicking on Chart Title. For example, Wildlife

Population.
Change Chart Type
You can easily change to a different type of chart at any time.
1. Select the chart.
2. On the Chart Design tab, in the Type group, click Change Chart Type.

3. On the left side, click Column.

4. Click OK.

Switch Row/Column
If you want to display the animals (instead of the months) on the horizontal
axis, execute the following steps.
1. Select the chart.
2. On the Chart Design tab, in the Data group, click Switch Row/Column.

Result:

Legend Position
To move the legend to the right side of the chart, execute the following
steps.
1. Select the chart.
2. Click the + button on the right side of the chart, click the arrow next to
Legend and click Right.
Result:

Formatting Charts
Chapter 8: Creating Excell Formulas
You can create a simple formula to add, subtract, multiply or divide values
in your worksheet. Simple formulas always start with an equal sign (=),
followed by constants that are numeric values and calculation operators
such as plus (+), minus (-), asterisk(*), or forward slash (/) signs.
Let's take an example of a simple formula.
1. On the worksheet, click the cell in which you want to enter the
formula.
2. Type the = (equal sign) followed by the constants and operators (up to
8192 characters) that you want to use in the calculation.
For our example, type =1+1.

Notes:
Instead of typing the constants into your formula, you can select the cells
that contain the values that you want to use and enter the operators in
between selecting cells.
Following the standard order of mathematical operations, multiplication and
division is performed before addition and subtraction.
3. Press Enter (Windows) or Return (Mac).
Let's take another variation of a simple formula. Type =5+2*3 in another
cell and press Enter or Return. Excel multiplies the last two numbers and
adds the first number to the result.
Use AutoSum
You can use AutoSum to quickly sum a column or row or numbers. Select a
cell next to the numbers you want to sum, click AutoSum on the Home tab,
press Enter (Windows) or Return (Mac), and that's it!
When you click AutoSum, Excel automatically enters a formula (that uses
the SUM function) to sum the numbers.
Here’s an example. To add the January numbers in this Entertainment
budget, select cell B7, the cell immediately below the column of numbers.
Then click AutoSum. A formula appears in cell B7, and Excel highlights
the cells you’re totaling.

Press Enter to display the result (95.94) in cell B7. You can also see the
formula in the formula bar at the top of the Excel window.

Notes:
● To sum a column of numbers, select the cell immediately below the
last number in the column. To sum a row of numbers, select the cell
immediately to the right.
● Once you create a formula, you can copy it to other cells instead of
typing it over and over. For example, if you copy the formula in cell
B7 to cell C7, the formula in C7 automatically adjusts to the new
location, and calculates the numbers in C3:C6.
● You can also use AutoSum on more than one cell at a time. For
example, you could highlight both cell B7 and C7, click AutoSum,
and total both columns at the same time.
Chapter 9: Printing in Excel
How to print Excel spreadsheet
For starters, we will provide high-level instructions on how to print in
Excel. And then, we will have a closer look at the most important and
useful features.
To print an Excel worksheet, this is what you need to do:
In your worksheet, click File > Print or press Ctrl + P. This will get you to
the Print Preview window.
In the Copies box, enter the number of copies you want to get.
Under Printer, choose which printer to use.
Under Settings, specify exactly what to print and configure the page
margins, orientation, paper size, etc.
Click the Print button.
Choose what to print: selection, sheet or entire workbook
To tell Excel which data and objects should be included in the printout,
under Settings, click the arrow next to Print Active Sheets, and choose one
of these options:
Below you will find a brief explanation of each setting shown in the
screenshot above and how to correctly use them.
Print selection / range
To print only a specific range of cells, highlight it on the sheet, and then
choose Print Selection. To select non-adjacent cells or ranges, hold the Ctrl
key while selecting.
Print entire sheet(s)
To print the entire sheet that you currently have open, pick Print Active
Sheets.
To print multiple sheets, click on the sheet tabs while holding the Ctrl key,
and then choose Print Active Sheets.
Print entire workbook
To print all sheets in the current workbook, select Print Entire Workbook.
Print Excel table
To print out an Excel table, click any cell within your table, and then choose
Print Selected Table. This option appears only when the table or its part is
selected.
How to print the same range in multiple sheets
When working with identically structured worksheets, such as invoices or
sales reports, you will obvious want to print the same rage in all the sheets.
Here's the fastest way to do this:
Open the first sheet and select the range to print.
While holding the Ctrl key, click on other sheet tabs to be printed. To select
adjacent sheets, click the first sheet tab, hold the Shift key and click the last
sheet tab.

Click Ctrl + P and choose Print Selection in the drop-down list right under
Settings.
Click the Print button.
Tip. To make sure Excel is going to print the data you want, check the
number of pages at the bottom the Preview section. If you selected just one
range per sheet, the number of pages should match the number of selected
sheets. If two or more ranges are selected, each will be printed on a separate
page, so you multiply the number of sheets by the number of ranges. For
full control, use the right and left arrows to go through each printable page
preview.
Tip. To set the print area in multiple sheets, you can use these Print Area
macros.
How to print Excel spreadsheet on one page
By default, Excel prints sheets at their actual size. So, the bigger your
worksheet, the more pages it will take. To print an Excel sheet on one page,
choose one of the following Scaling options that reside at the end of the
Settings section in the Print Preview window:
Fit Sheet on One Page – this will shrink the sheet so that it fits on one page.
Fit All Columns on One Page – this will print all the columns on one page
while the rows may be split across several pages.
Fit All Rows on One Page – this will print all the rows on one page, but the
columns may extend to multiple pages.
To remove scaling, choose No Scaling in the list of options.
Please be very careful when printing on one page – in a huge sheet, your
printout may become unreadable. To check how much scaling will actually
be used, click Custom Scaling Options… . This will open the Page
Setup dialog box, where you look at the number in the Adjust to box:
If the Adjust To number is low, a printed copy will be difficult to read. In
this case, the following adjustments might be useful:
Change page orientation. The default Portrait orientation works well for
worksheets that have more rows than columns. If your sheet has more
columns than rows, change the page orientation to Landscape.
Adjust margins. The smaller the margins, the more room there will be for
your data.
Specify the number of pages. To print an Excel spreadsheet on a predefined
number of pages, on the Page tab of the Page Setup dialog, under Scaling,
enter the number of pages in both Fit to boxes (wide and tall). Please note
that using this option will ignore any manual page breaks.
Print to file – save the output for later use
Print to File is one of the most rarely used Excel print features
underestimated by many. In short, this option saves output to a file instead
of sending it to a printer.
Why would you want to print to file? To save time when additional printed
copies of the same document are needed. The idea is that you configure the
print settings (margins, orientation, page breaks, etc.) only once and save
the output to a .pdf document. Next time you need a hard copy, simply open
that .pdf file and hit Print.
Let's have a look at how that works:
On the Page Layout tab, configure the required print settings and press Ctrl
+ P.
In the Print Preview window, open the Printer drop-down list, and select
Print to File.
Click the Print button.
Choose where to save a .png file containing the output.

Print preview in Excel

It's always a good idea to preview outputs before printing to avoid
unexpected results. There are a couple of ways to access print preview in
Excel:
Click File > Print.
Press the print preview shortcut Ctrl + P or Ctrl + F2.
Excel Print Preview is an extremely helpful tool in terms of saving your
paper, ink and nerves. It not only shows exactly how your worksheets will
look on paper, but also allows making certain changes directly in the
preview window:
Use the right and left arrows at the bottom of the window or put the page
number in the box and press Enter to preview the following and previous
pages. Only when a chosen sheet or range has many printed pages of data
do the arrows display.
Click the Show Margins button in the bottom-right corner to reveal the page
margins. Simply drag the edges with the mouse to make them broader or
narrower. By sliding the handles at the top or bottom of the print preview
window, you may easily change the column width.
Excel Print Preview does not include a zoom slider, however you may zoom
a small bit by using Ctrl and the scroll wheel. To get back to the original
size, click the Zoom to Page button in the lower-right corner.