International A Level Maths Spec Issue3

P1.
3 Unit content
What students need to learn: Guidance
1. Algebra and functions
1.1 Laws of indices for all rational am × an = am + n, am ÷ an = am − n, (am)n = amn
exponents. m
n
The equivalence of a n and a m should be known.
1.2 Use and manipulation of surds. Students should be able to rationalise denominators.
1.3 Quadratic functions and their
graphs.
1.4 The discriminant of a quadratic Need to know and to use
function.
b2 − 4ac > 0, b2 − 4ac = 0 and b2 − 4ac < 0
1.5 Completing the square. Solution of Solution of quadratic equations by factorisation, use of the
quadratic equations. formula, use of a calculator and completing the square.
2
 b   b2 
ax2 + bx + c = a  x +  +  c − 
 2a   4a 
1.6 Solve simultaneous equations;

analytical solution by substitution.
1.7 Interpret linear and quadratic For example,
inequalities graphically. ax + b > cx + d, px2 + qx + r  0, px2 + qx + r < ax + b.
Interpreting the third inequality as the range of x for which

the curve
y = px2 + qx + r is below the line with equation y = ax + b.
Including inequalities with brackets and fractions. These
would be reducible to linear or quadratic inequalities,
a
e.g. < b becomes ax < bx2, x ≠ 0.
x
1.8 Represent linear and quadratic Represent linear and quadratic inequalities such as y > x + r
inequalities graphically. and y > ax2 + bx + c graphically.
Shading and use of dotted and solid line convention is
required.
1.9 Solutions of linear and quadratic For example,
inequalities. solving ax + b > cx + d, px2 + qx + r  0,
px2 + qx + r < ax + b.
1.10 Algebraic manipulation of Students should be able to use brackets. Factorisation of
polynomials, including expanding polynomials of degree n, n  3, e.g. x3 + 4x2 + 3x. The
brackets and collecting like terms,
factorisation. notation f(x) may be used.
14 Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level in Mathematics, Further Mathematics

and Pure Mathematics – Specification – Issue 3 – April 2019 © Pearson Education Limited 2019
1. Algebra and functions continued
1.11 Graphs of functions; sketching Functions to include simple cubic functions and the
curves defined by simple equations. reciprocal functions
Geometrical interpretation of
k k
algebraic solution of equations. Use y= and y = with x ≠ 0.
2
of intersection points of graphs of x x
functions to solve equations. Knowledge of the term asymptote is expected.
Also, trigonometric graphs.
1.12 Knowledge of the effect of simple Students should be able to apply one of these
transformations on the graph of transformations to any of the above functions (quadratics,
cubics, reciprocals, sine, cosine, and tangent) and sketch the
y = f(x) as represented by y = af(x),
resulting graphs.
y = f(x) + a, y = f(x + a), y = f(ax).
Given the graph of any function y = f(x), students should be
able to sketch the graph resulting from one of these
transformations.
2. Coordinate geometry in the (x, y) plane
2.1 Equation of a straight line, To include:
including the forms
(i) the equation of a line through two given points
y − y1 = m(x − x1) and
(ii) the equation of a line parallel (or perpendicular) to a
ax + by + c = 0. given line through a given point. For example, the line
perpendicular to the line
3x + 4y = 18 through the point (2, 3) has equation
y − 3 = 43 (x − 2).
2.2 Conditions for two straight lines to

be parallel or perpendicular to each
other.
3. Trigonometry
3.1 The sine and cosine rules, and the Including the ambiguous case of the sine rule.
area of a triangle in the form
1
2 ab sin C.
3.2 Radian measure, including use for Use of the formulae s = rθ and A = 1
2 r2θ.
arc length and area of sector.
3.3 Sine, cosine and tangent functions. Knowledge of graphs of curves with equations such as
Their graphs, symmetries and
 π
periodicity. y = 3 sin x, y = sin  x +  , y = sin 2x is expected.
 6
Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level in Mathematics, Further Mathematics 15

4. Differentiation
4.1 The derivative of f(x) as the dy
gradient of the tangent to the graph For example, knowledge that is the rate of change of y
dx
of y = f(x) at a point; the gradient of with respect to x. Knowledge of the chain rule is not
the tangent as a limit; interpretation required.
as a rate of change; second order
derivatives.
The notation f ′(x) and f ′′(x) may be used.
4.2 Differentiation of xn, and related The ability to differentiate expressions such as
sums, differences and constant x2 + 5x − 3
multiples. (2x + 5)(x − 1) and is expected.
3 x
4.3 Applications of differentiation to Use of differentiation to find equations of tangents and
gradients, tangents and normals. normals at specific points on a curve.
5. Integration
5.1 Indefinite integration as the reverse Students should know that a constant of integration is
of differentiation. required.
5.2 Integration of xn and related sums, (Excluding n = −1 and related sums, differences and
differences and constant multiples. multiples).
For example, the ability to integrate expressions such as
1 2 − 12 ( x + 2) 2
2
x − 3 x and is expected.
x
Given f ′(x) and a point on the curve, students should be
able to find an equation of the curve in the form y = f(x).
16 Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level in Mathematics, Further Mathematics


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P1.

1.6 Solve simultaneous equations;

Interpreting the third inequality as the range of x for which

14 Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level in Mathematics, Further Mathematics

2.2 Conditions for two straight lines to

Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level in Mathematics, Further Mathematics 15

16 Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level in Mathematics, Further Mathematics

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