SAMPLE PAPER - 10 Class 09 - Science ‘Time Allowed: 3 hours General Instructions: 1. This question paper consists of 39 questions in 5 sections. 2. All questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice is provided in some questions. A student is expected to attempt only one of these questions. Section A consists of 20 objective type questions carrying 1 mark each. . Section B consists of 6 Very Short questions carrying 02 marks each. Answers to these questions should in the range of 30 to 50 words. Section C consists of 7 Short Answer type questions carrying 03 marks each. Answers to these questions should in the range of 50 to 80 words Section D consists of 3 Long Answer type questions carrying 05 marks each. Answer to these questions should be in the range of 80 to 120 words. 7. Section E consists of 3 source-based/case-based units of assessment of 04 marks each with sub-parts. Section A ‘Which of the following set of apparatus is required to determine the boiling point of water? a) Round bottom flask, bummer, thermometer, _b) Boiling tube, beaker, thermometer, bumer, ‘wire gauze, stand with clamp, cork with two cork with one hole, stand with clamp, wire holes, glass tube gauze ©) Tripod stand, conical flask, thermometer, 4) Funnel, burner, clamp and stand, test tube, ‘wire gauze, stand with clamp, pair of tongs thermometer, wire gauze ‘The cell sap in plant cells consists of: 4) water + organic substances ’) both (water only) and (water + inorganic substances) ©) water only 4) water + inorganic substances ‘A car accelerates uniformly from 18 knvh to 36 knw in S minutes. The acceleration is a) 5 mst ») ims? 1 kis? 9%) 216 ms? 4, Pulses erops are rich in a) Fats b) Vitamins:©) Proteins 4) Carbohydrates Intestine absorb the digested food materials. What type of epithelial cells are responsible for that? a) Spindle fibres ') Stratified squamous epithelium ©) Columnar epithelium 4) Cuboidal epithelium ‘The number of lenses in a compound microscope is: at ba 93 a2 Which of the following two statement(s) isfare true? Statement A: Mole is quite often known as chemist’s dozen. Statement B: The mass of one-twelfth (4) of the mass of one atom of Carbon is taken as 1 u. a) Statement A ) Statement B ©) Neither Statement A nor Statement B, ) Both the statements - A and B. ‘The common characteristic of xylem tracheids and sieve tubes is that both are: a) thick-walled cells by) dead cells ©) living cells 4) meant for conduction If the volume of a body is V and half of itis immersed in the liquid, the upthrust will be proportional a) Difference in density of the body and half —_—b) Half the volume the density of the liquid, «) Volume 4) Double the volume ‘Two cars A and B race each other. The Car A ran for 2 min at a speed of 7.5 knvh, slept for 56 min and again ran for 2 min at a speed of 7.5 knv/h. The average speed of the car A in the race is: a) 10 krw/he b) 5 kmvhr ©) 05 km/hr 4) 50 km/hr ‘Which of the following would weigh the highest? a) 2 moles of CaCOy b) 10 moles of HO ©) 0.2 mole of sucrose (C12 Ho2 O11) @) 2 moles of Oz ‘The conducting cells of xylem are a) tracheids and xylem fibres }) tracheids and vessels ©) vessels and sieve tubes 4) vessels and xylem fibres Find the incorrect statement: A. Root tips are permanent tissue, B, Mycoplasma gallisepticum is the smallest cell among the unicellular organisms. . Acetabularia measures nearly 10 cm in height D. Tonoplast is the membrane surrounding the vacuole, a) (B) »)@) (A) gO©Match the following with the correct response: (1) Nitrate (A) P (2) Phosphide (B) PO. (3) Nitrite (4) Phosphate (NOs (D) NOs~ a) 1-B, 2-D, 3-4, 4 91D, 2A, 3-C, 4B Which of the following are physical changes? i, Melting of iron metal fi, Rusting of iron iii, Bending of an iron rod iv. Drawing a wire of iron metal are related to the duration of sunlight. a) Geotropism ©) Pollination Assertion (A): The speed of a body can be negative. b) 16, 2-B,3-D,44 d) 1-A, 2-6, 3-8, 4-D ) Gi), (i) and Gv) 4) (i), (ii) and (iv) b) Photoperiods 4) Phototropism Reason (R): If the body is moving in the opposite direction of positive motion, then its speed is negative. a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A, ©) Ais true but R is false. >) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. d) Ais false but R is true. Assertion (A): Naphthalene, camphor, iodine, ammonium chloride are some common examples of the substances which undergo sublimation. Reason (R): All solids are first converted to liquids and then gases on heating a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. ©) Ais true but R is false. }b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. d) Ais false but R is true. Assertion (A): The cells of sclerenchyma tissue are living, Reason (R): They are long and narrow as the walls are thickened due to the deposition of lignin, a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A ©) Ais true but R is false. b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. 4) Ais false but R is true, Assertion (A): Rutherford postulated that the atom must contain large empty spaces. Reason (R): He concluded that the positively charged particles in an atom must be concentrated in a very small space,a) Both A and R are true and Ris the correct _b) Both A and R are true but R is not the explanation of A. correct explanation of A. ©) Ais true but R is false. 4) Ais false but R is true. Section B ‘A person holds a bundle of hay over his head for 30 minutes and gets tired. Has he done some work or not? [2] Justify your answer. OR ‘Why is the bottom part of the foundation of a building made wider? ‘Why do we see water droplets on the outer surface of a glass containing ice cold water? Rl Explain how defects in a metal block can be detected using ultrasound. Rl ‘The mass per unit volume of a substance is known as density ( density = mass/volume), Arrange the following in [2] order of increasing density: Air, exhaust from chimneys, honey, water, chalk, cotton and iron. ‘Why can a small mass such as a bullet kill a person when fited from a gun? Rl OR A buillet of mass 5 g travelling at a speed of 120 ms“ penetrates deeply into the fixed target and is brought to rest in 0.01 s. Calculate: (a) the distance of penetration in the target, (b) the average force exerted on the bullet. Draw a sketch of Bohr's model of an atom with three shells. pI Section C Study the given below diagram and answer the following questions: BI i, Identify the application of ultrasound in the above diagram. ii, Explain the working principle of this medical procedure. ili, What is the range of frequencies associated with ultrasound? ‘Compare the properties of electrons, protons and neutrons. Draw the graph for uniform retardation ~ a. position - time graph b, velocity - time graph . Acceleration- time graph OR ‘The position of a body at different times is recorded in the table given below: Time (5) Ce EE os Displacement (m) 2 [ef 1. Draw the displacement time graph for the above data. fi, What is the slope of graph? iil, What is the velocity of the motion?Give reason : An iron nail sinks in water, but a ship made of iron floats. ‘The velocity-time graph of a ball moving on the surface of a floor is shown in the figure, Find the force acting ‘on the ball ifthe mass of the ball is 50 g. z 3 3 Tne os) Differentiate between hypertonic and hypotonic solution. OR ‘What is the difference between plasma membrane and cell wall ? Give the functions of each one. Study the following diagram of phloem and answer the following questions: i, Identify A, B and C in the given diagram. fi, What term is used for the end walls of the B? iil. What are the two functions performed by C? Section D Derive an expression for the force of attraction between two bodies and then define gravitational constant. oR i, Atsome moment, two giant planets Jupiter and Saturn of the solar system are in the same line as seen from the earth, Find the total gravitational force due to them on a person of mass 50 kg on the earth. Could the force due to the planets be important? ‘Mass of the Jupiter = 2 x 1077 kg. ‘Mass of the Saturn = 6 x 10° kg ‘The distance of Jupiter from the earth = 6.3 x 101 m ‘The distance of Satur from the earth = 1.28 x 107m ii, A bag of sugar weighs ‘w’ at a certain place on the equator. If this bag is taken to Antarctica, then will it weigh the ‘same or more or ess. Give a reason for your answer. Write the main functions of atleast ten cell components. 15] oR ‘What are cell organelles? Write the names of different cell organelles. i, Draw a neat and labelled diagram of the apparatus used to separate components of blue-black ink, Name the [ISI process and state the principle involved, fi, Identify, the physical and chemical changes from the following. a. Burning of magnesium inb, Tamishing of silver spoon, . Sublimation of iodine. 4d. Electrolysis of water, Section E Read the text carefully and answer the questions: la ‘The process of taking up a permanent shape, size, and a function is called differentiation. Differentiation leads to the development of various types of permanent tissues. A few layers of cells beneath the epidermis are generally simple permanent tissue, another type of permanent tissue is complex tissue. Complex tissues are made of mote than one type of cells. Al these cells coordinate to perform a common function. Xylem and phloem are ‘examples of such complex tissues. Xylem consists of tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma and xylem fibres. Phloem is made up of five types of cells: sieve cells, sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibres and the phloem parenchyma, (Identify the type of cell in the given figure N Which part of desert plants reduces the loss of water? oR ‘What is the dead element present in the phloem? Read the text carefully and answer the questions: Culture fishery is rearing and harvesting of fish in small water bodies. The best method of culture fishery is composite fish culture, Here, fishes are selected on the basis of their growth rate, palatability, area of feeding and tolerance towards others. All of them have their exclusive zone and type of feeding. There are three zones- surface, middle zone and bottom. Each zone can have 2 or even 3 feeding options. ‘You have studied the various fishes that can be accomodated in different zones of pond culture. (How many fishes can be accommodated at the botiom zone? ‘What types of fish can occur on the surface zone of fresh water fish ponds? ‘Where is fish Catla found in a fresh water culture pond? OR ‘Which fish feeds on filamentous algae and decaying vegetation? Read the text carefully and answer the questions: Sulphur dioxide is a colorless gas with a pungent odor. Its aliquid when under pressure, and it dissolves in ‘water very easily. Sulphur dioxide in the air comes mainly from activities such as the burning of coal and oil at power plants or from copper smelting, In nature, sulphur dioxide can be released into the air from volcanic eruptions. 'S0) is an air pollutant released during the burning of fossil fuels and from automobile exhaust. @‘What are the valencies of sulphur in SO and SO3? Find out the number of molecules in 5 moles of SO2. Calculate the number of moles in 320 g of SO> gas. oR Calculate the molar mass of 10 moles of sodium sulphite, [Given, atomic masses of S = 32 u, = 16 u, Na = 23 wand Na = 6.022 = 107 per mol]1 Solution SAMPLE PAPER - 10 Class 09 - Science Section A (@) Round bottom flask, burner, thermometer, wire gauze, stand with clamp, cork with two holes, glass tube Round bottom flask, burner, thermometer, wire gauze, stand with clam, cork with two holes, glass tube are (©) both (water only) and (water + inorganic substances) Explanation: ‘The liquid found inside the plant cell vacuole 1s referred to asthe cel sap and itis a dilute fluid consisting of ‘water, amino acids, glucose ie. (water + inorganic substances), water may also be inhabited with a negligible amount of salts, ‘because it somehow depends on the mineral excess inside the body of plants. The excess material is temporarily stored inside the cell sap. Thus, vacuoles actas storehouses in plants Uu= 18kmv/h = 18*1000 / 6060 = Svs, v= 36km/h = 36%1000 / 60%60 = 10m/s t= 53sec acceleration, a=? {st equation of motion, (© Proteins Explanation: Pulses are a low-fat source of protein with high levels of protein and fiber: Pulses also contain important ‘vitamins and minerals like iron, potassium, and folate. The amount of protein in beans, ents, chickpeas, and peas Is 2-3 times the levels found in cereal grains like wheat, rice, quinoa, oats, barley, and corn, Pulses, seeds, and nuts are all valuable sources of protein as well as being low in saturated fat, sodium, and also cholesterol-free. They are also good sources of fiber, complex ‘carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals including thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B82), nlacin (B3), folate, calcium, potassium, iron, ‘and phosphorus. (© Columnar epithelium Explanation: Columnar epithelium consist of pillar-like cells with thelr nuclei towards the base. They form the lining of stomach, small intestine and colon, forming the mucous membrane. Their main function is absorption (e.g, stomach, intestine) and secretion (e,g,, mucous by goblet cells). Stratified squamous epithelium, also known as pavement epithelium is covered by fibrous protein, (keratin) that covers the skin. Ths epithelium is waterproof and resistant to mechanical injury. Cuboidal epithelium is found in kidney tubules, thyroid vesicles and In glands @2 Explanation: The compound microscope contains two lenses that magnify the object. It uses a len (called the objective lens) lose to the object being viewed to collect light which focuses ona real image ofthe object inside the microscope. The image is then magnified by a second lens (called the eyepiece) that gives the observer an enlarged inverted virtual image of the object.7. (@) Both the statements - A and B Explanation: A mole is also known as a chemist's dozen. A mole, just like a dozen, is a common counting unit. A counting units a convenient number that makes it easier to count objects. The mass of one-twelfth of the mass of one atom of Carbon is taken as I. Both statements are correct. (@) meant for conduction Explanation: Xylem is composed of tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma, and xylem fibres. Trachelds and vessels are tubular ‘structures and thus they provide a channel for conduction of water and minerals. Phloem is composed of sieve tubes, ‘companion cells, phloem fibre and phloem parenchyma. Sieve tubes are tubular cells with perforated walls. Sieve tubes are the ‘conducting elements of phloem, (2) Difference in density of the body and half the density of the liquid. Explanation: Weight = W - U Veg — 509 = Vo (op -$) (0 05 ke Explanation: Distance = speed 5 time Distance travelled in first 2 min =7.5 x Distance travelled in last 2 min=7.5 x “oil distance = 0.25 +025 = 05 km Total time = 2 +2 +56= 60 min=1 he “Average speed = 2 kar (@)2 moles of CaC0s Explanation: Weight = Number pf moles > molar mas. # 0.2 moles of source (¢}gH390)1) = 0.2 x 342 = 68.4 g, #2 moles of CO, =2 x 44= 88 g #2 moles of CaCoy=2 x 100 = 200 g = 10 moles of H,0 = 10 « 8 = 180 g (b) tracheids and vessels Explanation: There are two types of conducting cells in xylem, trachelds and vessel elements. Both have thick lignified secondary walls and are dead at maturity. These cells create hollow cylinders that have high tensile strength. Materials moving, within the xylem are under tension, ow Explanation: ‘A. Root tips are replaced; they are meristematic tissue; and not permanent tissue. B, Mycoplasma gallisepticum is the smallest cell amongst the unicellular organ . Acetabularia measures nearly 10 em in height. . Tonoplast is the membrane that bounds the chief vacuole of a plant cell. Its also known as the 'vacuolar membrane’ It separates the vacuolar contents from the cytoplasm of the cel Hence, statement A is incorrect. (LD, 2-A, 36, 4-8 Explanation: (a) Nitate (0) NOs (2) Phosphide [wpe (3) Nierte [@ Noy (4) Phosphate [@ roe (@) (0, (il) and (iv) Explanation: Melting of iron metal, bending of an iron rod and drawing wire of iron metal ae all physical changes whereasrusting of iron isa chemical change. (b) Photoperiods Explanation: Photoperiod is the perlod of direct exposure to sunlight by a plant. The movement ofa plant part in response to light is called photoperiod (@) A is false but Ris ue, Explanation: Speed can never be negative because itis a scalar quantity. (@ Ais false but Ris tue. Explanation: Certain sols directly change tothe gaseous state upon heating without passing through the liquid state, The process is called sublimation. (@ A is false but R is ve. Explanation: The cells of sclerenchyma tissue are dead. They are long and narrow as the walls are thickened due tothe deposition of lignin. The wals of cells are so thick that there is no internal space inside the cel. (2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. Explanation: Rutherford postulated that the atom must contain large empty spaces as most of the particles passed through it without getting deflected, Some a-particles were deflected by the foil through small angles, while some were deflected through ‘very large angles. Thus, Rutherford concluded that the positively charged particles in an atom must be concentrated in a very ‘small space. Section B 21. When a person holds a bundle of hay over his head for 30 minutes and gets tired he applies force in upward direction and displacement of bundle of hay is in forward direction which is perpendicular to the direction of force applied therefore displacement is zero W=F x sCost =F x sCos90? Px0 No work done, oR Foundation of a building is made wider so that it may not sink under the extremely high pressure of building. The broad foundation distributes the weight of the building to the ground. 22, The water vapour present in the air comes in contact with cold surface ofthe glass, loses its energy and gets converted into droplets of water. 23, The ultrasound waves are allowed to pass through metal block to which detectors ae fitted. I there isa small defect in the metal block like an air bubble or a crack, then the ultrasound waves are reflected from such spots. Metal block if defective is indicated by the reflected ultrasonic waves. 24, The increasing order of density for the given substances is: Al, exhaust from chimneys, cotion, water, honey, chalk, iron. Actually, the density ofa substance depends upon the number of particles per unit volume as well as upon their mass, The number ofthe particles is related to their size as well asthe attractive forces among them. 25. When a small mass such as a bullet is fired from a.gun, it moves out ofthe gun witha very high velocity. Thus, the momentum produced by a bullet is very high (p = mv). This high momentum ofthe bullet can killa person OR x10 kg u = 120 ms a. From the relation v= u + at We have 0= 120 +a x 0.01 a tor Distance of penetration in the target ora= -12000 ms (the negative sign here shows retardation) + bat? we have s=utt } awes $=120 x 001 + $x (-12000) x (0.0172= 0.6m b. Average retarding force F = ma = (5 x 10°3) x (12000) = 6ON 26. Bolr’s model of an atom with three shells: ‘The three stationary orbits are designated as K-shell (nearest to the nucleus), M-shell and N-shell.TThe atom with three shells can accommodate a maximum of 2, 8 and 18 electrons respectively. Section C 27. 4, Ultrasound is used to monitor the development of the foetus inside the mother’s womb. ii, The ultrasound scanner transmits ultrasound into the mother’s body and receives echoes formed by the reflection of ultrasound {from inside, The ulwasound echoes form a picture of a developing baby on a monitor which helps the doctor to keep a tack of the developing baby. Thus ultrasonography is used for the examination of the foetus during pregnancy to detect any growth and abnormalities. lll The sound above 20,000H7 Is regarded as ultrasound Proton | = I Becton (i) Its positively-charged sub-atomic particle, Jom tri ie () Iris negatively-charged sub-atomic panicle. Gi) Its mass is equivalent to a hydrogen atom ie. 1am (i) Ie mass is equal to the mass of a proton, Ci) Its mass is 1/1838 of the mass of a proton. (li) cis present inside the nucleus ofan atom. (il) [eis also found inside the atomic nucleus. Ci) 1s found outside the nucteus of an atom. 29. {, Position time x4 yoy ii, Velocity ~ time 4ili, Acceleration- time ua a(sec) b. Slope of the displacement - time graph = velocity “ «velocity = $F = 6mis 30. 1f we place an iron nall on the surface of water, i sinks. Tis is because the density of iron is greater than that of water, so the ‘weight of the nals more than the upthrus of wate oni On the other hand a ship made of iron does not sink. This is because the ship is hollow and the empty space contains air which makes the average density ofthe ship less than that of wate. Therefore, even with a small part of it submerged into water, the weight of the water displaced becomes equal tothe total weight of the ship and hence the ship flats. 31. The velocity-time graph shows that velocity of the ball a= 0 is 30 ms" Initial velocity of the ball, u = 30 ms"! ‘The velocity of the ball at t= 6 sis ze. Final velocity ofthe ball, ‘Time, t= 65 Acceleration ofthe ball, Negative sign shows that the ball is retarded or decelerated, Also, mass of ball, M=509 = hy = 3 kg ‘Therefore, Force acting onthe ball, F = ma akg) (-5ms-*) =-0.25 kg ma-® =0.25 NL 1 kgms%1N1 Here -ve sign indicates thatthe force is retarding or stopping force. 32. Hypertonic solution —If the medium surrounding the cell has higher salute concentration than the cel, then the solution in called hypertonic solution ‘Hyporonic solution ~ Ifthe medium surrounding the cell has lower solute concentration than the cell, then the solution in called hypotonic solution oR 1. Plasma Membrane is the phospholipid layer, found in all types of cells; it helps in protecting the protoplasm and checks the passage of molecules inside the cell, Though cell wall is found in the plant cel, fungi, bacteria only and protects the cell from external shocks, and provide rigidity and shape tothe cel 2. The cell wall is the outermost boundary of the cell (if present) and plasma membrane is present inthe inner lining of the cell. ‘The plasma membrane is delicate thin layer while cell walls the thick and rigid layer. Plasma Membrane is selectivelypermeable membrane allowing small molecules entry only; their layer is made up of lipids and proteins and few carbohydrates, while Cell wall constituents may vary from chitin, peptidoglycon, and cellulose. 3, Plasma membrane {s the living membrane made up of lipids and proteins, whereas cell wall is non-living made up of cellulose. Function of Plasma membrane: It acts as semi permeable membrane which allows only selective substances to pass through i Function of Gell Wall: It provides rigidity and protection to cell. 33. iA represents companion cells, B represents sieve tubes, and C represents phloem parenchyma, which are small thin-walled cell containing dense and very active cytoplasm and large elongated nucleus. il. The sieve tubes end walls are perforated by numerous pores and are called sieve plates. AL The phloem parenchymatous cell performs the following functions: a. Storage of food. b, Slow lateral conduction of food. Section D ‘Newton's Law of universal gravitation: Everybody in the universe attracts every other body with a force which is directly proportional to the product of thelr masses and inversely proportional to the square ofthe distance between them, Let us consider two bodies A and B of masses m, and my which are separated by a distance d. i ee anim ep gt Nom Fo my, x m2 (1) and Fx eo ‘ig eitioas 1 tnd cy weg ee nen Fok 2m a ‘Where, k= proportionality constant, known as universal gravitational constant, G having value = 6.67 x 107! Nm? kg?. ‘Therefore, F=G x "22, Which is required expression for force of atracton berween two bodies Here, ifthe masses m, and m) of the two bodies are of 1 kg and the distance (d) between them is 1 m, then putting my = 1 kg, m2 11kg and d = Im in the above formula, we get Feaxi, G=F Definition of the gravitational constant G: Gravitational constant, G is numerically equal to the force of gravitation which exists between two bodies of unit masses kept ata unit distance from each other. OR 1. a. Gravitational force acting on the 50 kg, F=mg=50 x 9.8=490N bb, Gravitational force acting on the 50 kg mass due to jupiter, 5 GM per Mr Teper” distance ofjuiter fom theearh)™ Fuper = SOM 207 0 ee TG 3106x107 Fupiter = 1.68 x 10°5.N Gravitational force acting on the 50 kg mass due to satum Fesneg = eM Ma (case ctetwnion sin eiy* = t10 1 P89 Fsatun = 3 7 1.285101. 28500 Fegum = 1:12 x 10° Total gravitational force due to the mupiter and the Satur = (1.68 103 + 1.12 x 108) = 1.8 x 103N ‘Thus, the combined force due tothe planets Jupiter and Saturn (1.8 x 10°) N is negligible as compared to the sravitational force i.e. 490 N due tothe earthii, We know that g atthe equator is less than g at poles (Antarctica), Thus, weight at the equator is less than weight at the pole (Antarctica). A bag of sugar weighs 'w’ at a certain place on the equator. If this bag is taken to Antarctica, then it will weigh ‘mare due to the greater value of g. 35. The ten cell components are: {. Plasma membrane: It acts asa semipermeable membrane and allows only selective substances to pass through it ii, Chromosomes: ‘To carry hereditary characters of an organism from one generation to another. Lil, Lysosomes: Breakdown of unwanted macromolecules is the main function of these organelles, iv. Ribosomes: These help in protein synthesis. v. Nucleus: Control centre ofthe cell. It contains cellular DNA (genetic information) in the form of genes. vi. Mitochondria: The main function of mitochondria in aerobic cells is the production of energy by the synthesis of ATP. vii, Nucleolus: Biosynthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and acts as a platform for protein synthesis, . Gell wall: It provides protection and rigidity to the plant cel. 1x. Chloroplasts: These are the sites of photosynthesis within plant cells x. Endoplasmic reticulum: Serves as channels for taansport of materials. oR Cell organelles are the intracellular structures present in the cytoplasm. Various cell organelles are — 1. Mitochondtion ~ It produces energy 2. Endoplasmic reticular ~ synthesize lipids and proteins 3. Golgi apparatus - Storage, packaging and dispatch various substances. 4. Lysosomes — Digest intracellular substances 5, Ribosomes ~ Synthesize proteins 6, Vacuoles ~ Provide turgidity and store house of various organic substances "The labelled diagram of the apparatus used to separate components of blue-black ink is shown above. ‘Name of the process: Paper chromatography. Principle of paper chromatography: Different components of a mixture move with different speeds ina solvent, so they separate at different heights, Here blue ink and black ink rise withthe help of solvent at different speeds to form «wo spots at different heights ii. The physical and chemical changes are as follows: ‘© Buming of magnesium in the alr: Chemical change ‘© Tamishing of sliver spoon: Chemical change © Sublimation of iodine: Physical change © Electrolysis of water: Chemical change Section E, 37, Read the text carefully and answer the questions: ‘The process of taking up a permanent shape, size, and a function is called differentiation. Differentiation leads to the development Cf various types of permanent tissues. A few layers of cells beneath the epidermis are generally simple permanent tissue. another type of permanent tissue is complex tissue. Complex tissues are macle of more than one type of cells. All these cells coordinate to perform a common function, Xylem and phloem are examples of such complex tissues. Xylem consists of tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma and xylem fibres. Phloem Is made up of five types of cells: sieve cells, sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibres and the phloem parenchyma, ( Tracheids (Gi) Cuticles reduce the loss of water Phloem fibres 38, Read the text carefully and answer the questions: (Culture fishery is rearing and harvesting of fish in small water bodies. The best method of culture fishery is composite fish culture, Here, fishes are selected on the basis oftheir growth rate, palatability, area of feeding and tolerance towards others. All ofthem have their exclusive zone and type of feeding. There are three zones-surface, middle zone and bottom, Each zone can have 2 or even 3 feeding options. ‘You have stucled the various fishes that can be accomodated in different zones of pond culture. (i) Three on detritus, vegetation and other organisms. (li) Two, one herbivore and one carnivore (ii)Only in surface zone oR ‘Roh feeds on filamentous algae and decaying vegetation 39, Read the text carefully and answer the questions: ‘Sulphur dioxide isa colorless gas with a pungent odor. It is a liquid when under pressure, and it dissolves in water very easily. Sulphur dioxide in the air comes mainly from activities such asthe burning of coal and oil at power plants or from copper smelting. In nature, sulphur dloxide can be released into the air from volcanic eruptions. °S0) isan alr pollutant released during the buming of fossil fuels and from automobile exhaust’ () Valency of sulphur in SO = 4 ‘Valency of sulphur in $03 =6 (5 x avogados number = 5% 6.022 5 102? Sole of $0, = 3.011 x 102% molecules 320 g, Molar mass (mm) of Molar mass of 10 moles of NazSO3 = 10 [23 x 2+32 +16 x 3] = 1260g