Class IX Session 2024-25

Subject - Science
Sample Question Paper - 10

Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions:

1. This question paper consists of 39 questions in 5 sections.

2. All questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice is provided in some questions. A student is expected to

attempt only one of these questions.

3. Section A consists of 20 objective type questions carrying 1 mark each.

4. Section B consists of 6 Very Short questions carrying 02 marks each. Answers to these questions should in the

range of 30 to 50 words.

5. Section C consists of 7 Short Answer type questions carrying 03 marks each. Answers to these questions should in
the range of 50 to 80 words.

6. Section D consists of 3 Long Answer type questions carrying 05 marks each. Answer to these questions should be

in the range of 80 to 120 words.

7. Section E consists of 3 source-based/case-based units of assessment of 04 marks each with sub-parts.

Section A
1. Following figure shows three states of matter and its interconversion. Which process display in A and B? [1]

a) (A)Sublimation (B) condensation b) (A) Fusion (B) Solifification

c) (A) Vapourisation (B) Condensation d) (A) Fusion and (B) Condensation

2. The cell organelle involved in forming complex sugars from simple sugars are [1]

a) Endoplasmic reticulum b) Plastids

c) Golgi apparatus d) Ribosomes

3. A body moving with uniform acceleration has velocities 20 ms-1 and 30 ms-1. when passing two points A and B. [1]
Then the velocity midway between A and B is:

a) 25.5 ms-1 b) 24 ms-1

c) 25 ms-1 d) –
10√6 ms-1

Page 1 of 15
 4. Plants can be made diseases-resistant by [1]

a) both hybridisation and genetic modification b) hybridisation

c) use of antibiotic d) genetic modification

5. The plant tissue provides mechanical strength and consists of living cells, is [1]

a) sclerenchyma b) parenchyma

c) collenchyma d) aerenchyma
6. Most of the substances in the living world are transported across the cell membrane by the process of: [1]

a) osmosis b) diffusion

c) endocytosis d) plasmolysis
7. The maximum amount of sodium that can be obtained by electrolysis of 117 g of sodium chloride is [1]
[Atomic mass of Na = 23 u, Cl = 35.5 u]

a) 40 g b) 52 g

c) 23 g d) 46 g
8. The epithelium is separated from the underlying connective tissue by [1]

a) thick deposition of fat b) mucosa

c) vesicles d) basement membrane

9. In the following figure the zero error is: [1]

a) 5 gwt b) – 5 gwt

c) 2 gwt d) – 2 gwt
10. Which of the following figures represent uniform motion of moving object correctly? [1]

a) b)

c) d)

11. Fill in the gap using given analogy [1]

Page 2 of 15
 Atomic number : Number of protons :: Mass number : _______.

a) Number of protons + Number of electrons b) Number of neutrons + Number of protons

c) Number of electrons d) Number of protons

12. Which of the following tissues has dead cells? [1]

a) Collenchyma b) Epithelial tissue

c) Parenchyma d) Sclerenchyma
13. Which of the following cell functions will stop, if its ribosomes are destroyed? [1]

a) Formation of complex sugars b) Lipid metabolism

c) Protein synthesis d) ATP synthesis

14. Rusting of an article made up of iron is called [1]

a) corrosion and it is a physical as well as b) dissolution and it is a physical

chemical change

c) dissolution and it is a chemical change d) corrosion and it is a chemical change

15. Boiling points of a few gases are given below: [1]

Gas W X Y Z

Boiling point (oC) -152 -246 -196 -183

If liquid mixture of these gases is fractionally distilled, the order of gases distilling out from first to last is

a) Z, X, Y, W b) X, Y, Z, W

c) W, X, Y, Z d) Y, X, Z, W
16. Kharif season extends from [1]

a) April to June b) January to March

c) June to October d) October to January

17. Assertion (A): Motion with uniform velocity is always along a straight-line path. [1]
Reason (R): In uniform velocity a motion, speed is the magnitude of the velocity and is equal to the
instantaneous velocity.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

18. Assertion (A): A gas fills completely the vessel in which it is kept. [1]
Reason (R): Intermolecular force of attraction between the particles of gas is negligible.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

19. Assertion (A): 1-day Vinita went to see his brother's competition and he saw his brother in pain and not able to [1]
run comfortably.

Page 3 of 15
 Reason (R): Two bones can be connected to each other by another type of connective tissue called the ligament.
This tissue is very elastic. It has considerable strength.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

20. Assertion (A): Thomson's model of an atom is popularly known as the plum pudding or Christmas pudding [1]
model of an atom.
Reason (R): According to the Thomson's plum pudding model, an atom is a positively charged sphere in which
the electrons are embedded.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

Section B
21. The work done in lifting a box on to a platform does not depend upon how fast it is lifted up. Explain your [2]
answer giving proper reason.
OR
Why does a block of plastic released under water come up to the surface of water?
22. Why is it that on increasing the wind speed the rate of evaporation increases? [2]
23. Explain how defects in a metal block can be detected using ultrasound. [2]
24. A wooden table should be called a solid. Give reason. [2]
25. Explain why some of the leaves may get detached from a tree if we vigorously shake its branch. [2]
OR
Why do you fall in the forward direction when a moving bus brakes to a stop and fall backwards when it accelerates
from rest?
26. Find the percentage composition of sucrose C12H22O11. [2]
Section C
27. i. What is the difference between echo and reverberation? [3]
ii. How can we reduce reverberation in an auditorium or a big hall?
iii. Which materials are good absorbers of sound?
iv. Why we can hear more clearly in a room having curtains?
28. What is the basic difference between the isotopes of an element? [3]
29. The position of a body at different times is recorded in the table given below:- [3]

Time (s) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Displacement (m) 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48

i. Draw the displacement time graph for the above data.

ii. What is the slope of graph?
iii. What is the velocity of the motion?
OR
The graph given below shows the positions of a body at different times. Calculate the speed of the body as it moves
from

Page 4 of 15
 i. A to B
ii. B to C
iii. C to D

30. Give reason : An iron nail sinks in water, but a ship made of iron floats. [3]
31. The following is the distance-time table of an object in motion: [3]

Time (in second) Distance (in metre)

0 0

1 1

2 8

3 27

4 64

5 125

6 216

7 343

i. What conclusion can you draw about the acceleration? Is it constant, increasing, decreasing or zero?
ii. What do you infer about the force acting on the object?
32. What is the difference between plasma membrane and cell wall ? Give the functions of each one. [3]
OR
Write short note on nucleus.
33. The transportation system of plants is composed of complex permanent tissue. They have their transportation [3]
system within themselves. Justify in detail with appropriate diagrams.
Section D
34. i. At some moment, two giant planets Jupiter and Saturn of the solar system are in the same line as seen from [5]
the earth. Find the total gravitational force due to them on a person of mass 50 kg on the earth. Could the
force due to the planets be important?

Mass of the Jupiter = 2 × 1027 kg

Mass of the Saturn = 6 × 1026 kg

The distance of Jupiter from the earth = 6.3 × 1011 m

The distance of Saturn from the earth = 1.28 × 1012 m

ii. A bag of sugar weighs 'w' at a certain place on the equator. If this bag is taken to Antarctica, then will it
weigh the same or more or less. Give a reason for your answer.

Page 5 of 15
 OR
i. Suppose the mass of the earth somehow increases by 10% without any change in its size. What would happen to
your weight?
ii. Suppose the radius of the earth becomes twice of its present radius without any change in its mass. What will
happen to your weight?

35. i. Describe the role played by the lysosomes. Why are they termed as suicidal bags? How do they perform their [5]
function?
ii. What happens to the dry raisins, when placed in plain water for some time? State the reason for whatever is
observed. What would happen if these raisins are then placed in concentrated salt solution?
OR
i. State what will happen when human red blood cells are placed in a hypotonic salt/sugar solution.
ii. Why plant cell shrinks when kept in a hypertonic solution.
iii. Why lysosomes are known as suicidal bags?
36. Name the process associated with the following: [5]
i. Dry ice is kept at room temperature and at one atmospheric pressure.
ii. A drop of ink placed on the surface of water contained in a glass spreads throughout the water.
iii. A potassium permanganate crystal is in a beaker and water is poured into the beaker with stirring.
iv. A acetone bottle is left open and the bottle becomes empty.
v. Milk is churned to separate cream from it.
vi. Settling of sand when a mixture of sand and water is left undisturbed for some time.
vii. Fine beam of light entering through a small hole in a dark room, illuminates the particles in its paths.
Section E
37. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Permanent tissues are of two types that is Simple permanent tissues and Complex permanent tissues.
Simple permanent tissues subdivided as follows:
i. Parenchyma: Tissues provide support to plants. They are loosely packed and has large intracellular space.
Parenchyma with chlorophyll which performs photosynthesis is called chlorenchyma.
ii. Collenchyma: Tissue are thickened at the corners, have very little intercellular space. It allows easy bending
of various parts of a plant without breaking.
iii. Sclerenchyma: Cells of this tissue are dead and commonly seen in the husk of a coconut.

i. In which of the simple plant tissue, deposition of lignin is found? Also describe lignin. (1)
ii. Why is cork impervious to gases and water? (1)
iii. Which type of tissue is present in the cortex of the root and veins of the leaves? (2)
OR

Page 6 of 15
 Which tissue in plants provides them flexibility? (2)
38. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Cropping pattern refers to the proportion of land under cultivation of different crops at different points of time.
Intercropping is the practice of growing more than one crop on the same field at the same time in a definite row
pattern. It is much superior to mixed cropping. Intercropping can incorporate crop rotation. The technique makes
the farmers busy throughout the year. Productivity is increased. Soil erosion is prevented. Pests and weeds
remain under control.

i. What is Inter-cropping? (1)

ii. Why intercropping is superior to all other means of cropping? (1)
iii. Which method of cropping prevents soil erosion by checking soil creep after harvesting a crop? (2)
OR
Modern cropping is based on machines from sowing to harvesting. Which is the best method of cropping for
this? (2)
39. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
A solution of a solid in a liquid such as water can be prepared by adding it slowly to water with constant stirring
at a certain temperature (room temperature). If the addition process is continued, a stage is ultimately reached in
the dissolution process when no more of the solid dissolves. Rather it starts setlling at the bottom of the
container such as a glass beaker. The solution at this stage is said to be saturated. The solubility of a solute is
always expressed with respect to the saturated solution. It may be defined as the maximum amount of the solute
that can be dissolved in 100 g of the solvent to form a saturated solution at a given temperature. Please
remember that the role of temperature is very important. If temperature is increased, the solution becomes
unsaturated. In case the temperature is decreased, the solution becomes supersaturated. As a result, crust of the
solute gets deposited on the surface.
i. What do mean by the term Solubility? (1)
ii. 20 g of a solute are dissolved in 500 g of the solvent. The solubility of the solute is: (1)
iii. When a saturated solution becomes unsaturated? (2)
OR
What do you mean by concentration of solution? (2)

Page 7 of 15
 Solution
Section A
1.
(c) (A) Vapourisation (B) Condensation
Explanation: The correct figure is:

2.
(c) Golgi apparatus
Explanation: Golgi bodies consist of a system of membrane-bound vesicles arranged in stacks parallel to each other called
cisterns. These membranes have connections with the membrane of endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Functions:
1. It also stores, modifies and helps in the packaging of products in vesicles.
2. In some cases, complex sugars may be made from simple sugars in it.
3. It also helps in the formation of lysosomes.

3. (a) 25.5 ms-1

Explanation: Let the acceleration of the car is = a
And the distance between A and B is = d
v2 - u2 = 2ad
v = 30m/s and u = 20m/s
2ad = 302 - 202
(900−400)
Ad = 2
= 250
When the car is at the mid point of AB then let the speed of the car is v1

v12 - 202 = 2a ( )
d

v12 = ad + 400 = 250 + 400 = 650

therefore v1 is = 25.4950m/s.

4. (a) both hybridisation and genetic modification

Explanation: The genetic modification provides an avenue for variety improvement. In other ornamentals, there are
particularly good varieties with excellent post‐harvest qualities, disease resistance, and productivity.
One advantage of hybridization is that it can combine disease resistance of one organism with the production capacity of
another. Crop yields increase dramatically when hybridization is used to exceed one or more of the parents in size and
reproductive potential.
5.
(c) collenchyma
Explanation: Collenchyma cells are refractile, non lignified, living cells with pectocellulose thickening in specific areas of
walls, and without intercellular spaces. It provides mechanical strength with flexibility thus allows bending. Besides, it shows
growth and elongation of organs, photosynthesize, and stores food and prevents tearing of leaves.
6. (a) osmosis
Explanation: Osmosis is the spontaneous net movement of solvent molecules through a semi-permeable membrane (example-

Page 8 of 15
 cell membrane) into a region of higher solute concentration, in the direction that tends to equalize the solute concentrations on
the two sides.
7.
(d) 46 g
Explanation: Electrolysis decomposes ionic compounds into their elements.
Mass of NaCI = 23 + 35.5 = 58.5 u
Now, 58.5 g of NaCI contains 23 g of Na
∴ 117 g of NaCI will contain × 117 = 46 g of Na
23

58.5

8.
(d) basement membrane
Explanation: Epithelial tissues are physically separated from underlying connective tissues by a basement membrane or basal
lamina. The portion of an epithelial cell attached to the basement membrane is called its basal surface.
9. (a) 5 gwt
Explanation: The reading on the spring balance when suspended freely in the air.

10. (a)

Explanation: Uniform motion of a moving object

11.
(b) Number of neutrons + Number of protons
Explanation: Atomic number: The total number of protons in the nucleus of an atom gives us the atomic number of that
atom. It is represented by the letter Z. All the atoms of a particular element have the same number of protons, and hence the
same atomic number. Atoms of different elements have different atomic numbers.
Mass number: The number of protons and neutrons combined give us the mass number of an atom. It is represented using the
letter ‘A.’ As both protons and neutrons are present in the nucleus of an atom, they are together called nucleons.
12.
(d) Sclerenchyma
Explanation: Sclerenchyma Tissue makes the plant hard and stiff, thickened due to lignin and no inter cellular space. Cells of
this tissue are dead and commonly seen in the husk of coconut.
13.
(c) Protein synthesis
Explanation: Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis on rough endoplasmic reticulums. Long-chain of polypeptides are
synthesized on the ribosomes.
14.
(d) corrosion and it is a chemical change
Explanation: corrosion and it is a chemical change
15.
(b) X, Y, Z, W
Explanation: The gas having lowest boiling point i.e., highly volatile will be distilled out first and the gas having highest
boiling point i.e., least volatile will be distilled out at the last. So, the correct order of gases distilling out is X, Y, Z, W.

Page 9 of 15
16.
(c) June to October
Explanation: Kharif crops are the crops grown in rainy season extending from June to October hence are also called as
monsoon crops. These crops are totally rain dependent crops. Kharif crops include paddy, soybean, sugarcane.
17.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Uniform velocity means that speed and direction remain unchanged.
18. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: The intermolecular force of attraction between the particles of gas is negligible and is free to move in any
direction. Hence it fills completely the vessel in which it is kept.
19.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Two bones can be connected to each other by connective tissue called the ligament. Vinita's brother might be
suffering from a ligament tear due to which he has pain in the knee while running.
20. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Thomson's model of an atom is popularly known as the plum pudding or Christmas pudding model of an atom.
According to Thomson's plum pudding model, an atom is a positively charged sphere in which the electrons are embedded. The
negative charge of the electrons and the positive charge of the sphere are equal in magnitude. Thus, an atom as a whole is
electrically neutral.
Section B
21. The work done (W) in lifting a box through a distance s against the gravitational force (F) is given by W = Fs. Hence it is obvious
that it is independent of the rate at which the box is lifted.
OR
The block of plastic displaces more weight of water than its own weight and therefore, experiences a buoyant force greater than its
own weight. As a result the net force acts in the upward direction. Thus on being released it comes upto the surface of water.
22. When the speed of wind increases, then they blow away with them the water vapour in the air and as a result rate of evaporation
will increase because the surrounding air will be able to receive more vapours and hence evaporation increases.
23. The ultrasound waves are allowed to pass through metal block to which detectors are fitted. If there is a small defect in the metal
block like an air bubble or a crack, then the ultrasound waves are reflected from such spots. Metal block if defective is indicated
by the reflected ultrasonic waves.
24. A wooden table should be called a solid because it matches the characteristics of the solid-state. Such as,
i. It is very hard and rigid.
ii. Its shape cannot be changed by altering temperature or pressure.
iii. It is quite heavy which means high density.
iv. There is no movement of the constituent particles present.
25. When the branch of a tree is shaken vigorously, it comes in motion while the leaves tend to remain at rest due to inertia of rest.
Therefore, some of the leaves get detached from the branch of the tree.
OR
In a moving bus, a passenger moves with the bus due to inertia of motion.As the driver applies brakes,the bus comes to
rest.But,the passenger tries to maintain to inertia of motion.As a result,a forward force is exerted on him and the passenger leans
forward.
Similarly,the passenger tends to fall backwards when the bus accelerates from rest because when the bus accelerates ,the inertia of
rest of the passenger tends to oppose the forward motion of the bus.Hence,the passenger tends to fall backwards when the bus
accelerates forward.
26. The molecular mass of sucrose C12H22O11 is:
= 12(12) + 22(1) + 11(16)
= 144 + 22 + 176
= 342 g/mol
C H O
342g of sucrose contains
144g 22g 176g
100×144 22×100 176×100
100g of sucrose contains 342 342 342

Page 10 of 15
 42.11g 6.43g 51.46g
The composition by mass of sucrose is Carbon = 42.11 percent, Hydrogen = 6.43 percent and Oxygen = 51.46 percent.
Section C
27. i. The repetition of sound caused by the reflection of sound waves from an obstacle is known as an echo whereas the
phenomenon of persistence or prolongation of audible sound after the source has stopped emitting it is called reverberation.
ii. In an auditorium or big hall, excessive reverberation is highly undesirable. To reduce reverberation, the roof and walls of the
auditorium are generally covered with sound-absorbent materials like compressed fibreboard, rough plaster or draperies.
iii. The soft and the porous materials are bad reflectors of sound but are good absorbers of sound.
iv. We can hear more clearly in a room having curtains because curtains are bad reflectors of sound. The curtains absorb most of
the sound falling on them, and hence do not produce echoes.
28. (i) Different atoms of the same element are called isotopes.
(ii) Each element can have several isotopes.
(iii) The atomic weight of the element differs from the isotopic mass. The abundance of each isotope determines the atomic
weight of an element.
(iv) Isotopes of an element differ in the number of neutrons leading to different mass numbers.

29. a.

b. Slope of the displacement - time graph = velocity

48−0
c. velocity = 8−0
= 6m/s
OR
i. The distance-time graph represents the line AB which shows the speed of the body. So,
speed = Dis tan ce

T ime

= 3cm

(5−2)s

= 1 cm/s
ii. The distance-time graph shows that the body is at rest between graph line B to C, it means no movement. So speed is zero i.e.,
speed = Dis tan ce
=
T ime
0cm

(7−5)s

iii. The distance-time graph represents the line CD which shows the speed of the body. So,
Dis tan ce
speed = T ime

(7−3)cm
= =
4cm

2s
(9−7)s

= 2 cm/s
30. If we place an iron nail on the surface of water, it sinks. This is because the density of iron is greater than that of water, so the
weight of the nail is more than the upthrust of water on it. On the other hand a ship made of iron does not sink. This is because the
ship is hollow and the empty space contains air which makes the average density of the ship less than that of water. Therefore,
even with a small part of it submerged into water, the weight of the water displaced becomes equal to the total weight of the ship
and hence the ship floats.
31. i. Here, initial velocity, u = 0
Using Newton's second law of motion, s = ut + 1

2
2
at =
1

2
2
at [∵ u = 0]
2s
We get, a = 2
t

Time (in second) Distance (in metre) a = 2 s/t2

0 0 0

1 1 2

2 8 4

Page 11 of 15
 3 27 6

4 64 8

5 125 10

6 216 12

7 343 14
Thus, acceleration is increasing.
ii. Since acceleration is increasing, so the net unbalanced force is acting on the object.
32. 1. Plasma Membrane is the phospholipid layer, found in all types of cells; it helps in protecting the protoplasm and checks the
passage of molecules inside the cell, Though cell wall is found in the plant cell, fungi, bacteria only and protects the cell from
external shocks, and provide rigidity and shape to the cell.
2. The cell wall is the outermost boundary of the cell (if present), and plasma membrane is present in the inner lining of the cell.
The plasma membrane is delicate thin layer while cell wall is the thick and rigid layer. Plasma Membrane is selectively
permeable membrane allowing small molecules entry only; their layer is made up of lipids and proteins and few
carbohydrates, while Cell wall constituents may vary from chitin, peptidoglycon, and cellulose.
3. Plasma membrane is the living membrane made up of lipids and proteins, whereas cell wall is non-living made up of cellulose.
Function of Plasma membrane: It acts as semi permeable membrane which allows only selective substances to pass through it.
Function of Cell Wall: It provides rigidity and protection to cell.
OR
The nucleus is also known as the ‘control centre of the cell’. It is generally centrally placed. It is bounded by a nuclear membrane,
in which nuclear pores are present. The fluid inside the nucleus is called nucleoplasm. Nucleoplasm contains a thread-like
structure called chromatin and nucleolus. Chromatin contains DNA, which condensed to form chromosomes during cell division.
Nucleolus synthesizes ribosomes.

33. In plants, there are pipe-like vessels through which water and minerals can enter the plants. These vessels are made up of
elongated cells and thick walls. A group of cells forms a tissue which performs a specialized function within the organisms. These
are conducting tissues. These conducting tissues are divided into two types which are xylem and phloem.
i. Xylem: It is a vascular tissue that spreads from the top to bottom of the plant. It helps in the transportation of water and
minerals from roots to other parts of the plant.

Elements of xylem:
a. Tracheids and Vessels: It is Tubular structure and transport water and minerals vertically.
b. Parenchyma: It stores food and helps in sideways conduction of water.

Page 12 of 15
 c. Fibres: It is supportive in function.
ii. Phloem It transports food from leaves to other parts of the plant. Food is prepared in leaves by the process of photosynthesis.
Elements of phloem:
a. Sieve tubes: It is tubular cells with perforated walls. These consist of living cells.
b. Companion cells: It is small elongated cells with dense cytoplasm.
c. Phloem parenchyma : It is Thin-walled cells. Mainly function in storage and transportation of food.
d. Phloem fibres It is Thick-walled cells. These are dead cells. Provide mechanical strength to tissue.

Both xylem and phloem maintain a transportation system within the plants. There is continuous transportation of food, water and
minerals within the plant. This transportation is necessary for the proper growth and maintenance of the plant.
Section D
34. i. a. Gravitational force acting on the 50 kg,
F = mg = 50 × 9.8 = 490 N
b. Gravitational force acting on the 50 kg mass due to jupiter,
G× M jupite r × M pe rson
FJupiter = 2
( distance of jupiter from the earth )

−11 27

FJupiter = 6.67× 10

11
×2× 10

11
×50

6.3× 10 ×6.3× 10

FJupiter = 1.68 × 10-5 N

c. Gravitational force acting on the 50 kg mass due to saturn
G× M saturn × M pe rson

Fsaturn = 2
( distance of saturn from the earth)

−11 26
6.67× 10 ×6× 10 ×50
Fsaturn = 12 12
1.28× 10 ×1.28× 10

Fsaturn = 1.12 × 10-6 N

∴ Total gravitational force due to the Jupiter and the Saturn = (1.68 × 10-5 + 1.12 × 10-6) = 1.8 × 10-5 N
Thus, the combined force due to the planets Jupiter and Saturn (1.8 × 10-5) N is negligible as compared to the
gravitational force i.e. 490 N due to the earth.
ii. We know that g at the equator is less than g at poles (Antarctica). Thus, weight at the equator is less than weight at the pole
(Antarctica). A bag of sugar weighs 'w' at a certain place on the equator. If this bag is taken to Antarctica, then it will weigh
more due to the greater value of g.
OR
i. We know that, Original weight,Wo = mg = GMm

2
, where M is the mass of the earth, m= mass of body.
R

Let the new mass of earth = M'

10
According to question, New mass, M' = M + 10% of M = M + 100
M=M+ M

10
= 11M

10
= 1.1M
′

∴ New weight, Wn= GM m

2
= G×1.1Mm

2
R R
2
N ew weight 1.1GMm/R
Now, Ratio of new weight to original weight = Original weight
= 2
= 1.1
GMm/R

New weight becomes 1.1 times the original weight of body.

i.e., weight of body will increase by 10%.

Page 13 of 15
 ii. Again, Original Weight, Wo = GMm

2
, where R is the radius of the earth.
R

According to question, when R changes to 2R, the new weight is given by,
New weight,Wn = GMm

2
4R
2
N ew weight GMm/4R
Now, Ratio of new weight to original weight = Original weight
= 2
= 1

4
GMm/R

Therefore, New weight becomes 1

4
times of original weight
35. i. Lysosomes are membrane-bound sacs filled with digestive enzymes. These enzymes are made by the rough
endoplasmic reticulum.
Lysosomes are a kind of waste disposal system of the cell. During the disturbance in cellular metabolism, e.g. when a
cell gets damaged, lysosomes present in the cell may burst and the enzymes digest the damaged cell. Hence, lysosomes
are called as ‘suicidal bags’ of a cell.
Lysosomes break up the foreign materials entering into the cell, such as bacteria or food into small pieces.
ii. The dry raisins, when placed in plain water for some time will swell up due to endosmosis. If these raisins are again placed in
a concentrated salt solution, they will shrink, due to exosmosis.
OR
i. When human red blood cells are placed in hypotonic salt/sugar solution they swell due to endosmosis.
ii. Plant cell shrinks when kept in hypertonic solution because the concentration of the solvent is more inside the cell. It shrinks
due to exosmosis.
iii. Lysosomes are known as suicidal bags because, during the breakdown of cell structure, lysosome bursts and enzymes eat up
their own cells.
36. i. Sublimation
ii. Diffusion
iii. Diffusion/dissolution
iv. Evaporation/diffusion
v. Centrifugation
vi. Sedimentation
vii. Tyndall effect
Section E
37. i. Sclerenchyma, Lignin is a chemical substance present in the cell wall of plant that acts as cement and hardens it.
ii. Due to presence of a chemical substance called suberin.
iii. The parenchyma tissue is present in the cortex of roots and sclerenchyma tissue is present in the veins of the leaves.
OR
Collenchyma tissue in plants provides them flexibility.
38. i. Growing two or more crops in different strips in the same field is Inter-cropping.
ii. Intercropping is superior to all other means of cropping because
Better utilisation of minerals and water from different layers of soil.
Nonspread of weeds to whole cropping area.
Nonspread of pests to whole cropping area.
iii. Inter-cropping
OR
Monocropping
39. i. The maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent.
ii. Given, Mass of solute = 20g
Mass of solvent = 500g
Mass-Volume percentage = 20
× 100
500

= 4%
Solubility of 500 g of solute = 4

100
× 500

= 20g
Hence, the solubility of 20g of solute in 500g of solvent is 20g.
iii. A saturated solution becomes unsaturated by either heating it or by adding more of the solvent.
OR

Page 14 of 15
Concentration of a solution is defined as the amount of solute that is present in a given amount of solution. It can be expressed
in terms of: Mass by the mass percentage of a solution = mass of solute

mass of solution
× 100 .

Page 15 of 15