The document discusses passive and active design strategies for architecture. It provides examples of passive design elements from traditional buildings like courtyards, mudbrick walls, and green surfaces that help maintain thermal comfort naturally. Active design uses mechanical HVAC systems for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. While HVAC led to more comfortable buildings, it also caused designs ignoring climate and increased energy use until stricter codes emerged.
The document discusses passive and active design strategies for architecture. It provides examples of passive design elements from traditional buildings like courtyards, mudbrick walls, and green surfaces that help maintain thermal comfort naturally. Active design uses mechanical HVAC systems for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. While HVAC led to more comfortable buildings, it also caused designs ignoring climate and increased energy use until stricter codes emerged.
The document discusses passive and active design strategies for architecture. It provides examples of passive design elements from traditional buildings like courtyards, mudbrick walls, and green surfaces that help maintain thermal comfort naturally. Active design uses mechanical HVAC systems for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. While HVAC led to more comfortable buildings, it also caused designs ignoring climate and increased energy use until stricter codes emerged.
The document discusses passive and active design strategies for architecture. It provides examples of passive design elements from traditional buildings like courtyards, mudbrick walls, and green surfaces that help maintain thermal comfort naturally. Active design uses mechanical HVAC systems for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. While HVAC led to more comfortable buildings, it also caused designs ignoring climate and increased energy use until stricter codes emerged.
What is Passive Design? • Passive design is design that works with the local climate to maintain a comfortable temperature in the home. Good passive design should reduce or eliminate the need for mechanical heating or cooling. A passively designed home can deliver a lifetime of thermal comfort, low energy bills, and low greenhouse gas emissions.
• Examples of passive design include: optimizing spatial planning
and orientation to control solar gains and maximize daylighting, manipulating the building form and fabric to facilitate natural ventilation strategies and making effective use of thermal mass to help reduce peak internal temperatures. What Are The Passive Design Strategies? • Emphasize Natural Ventilation. • Keep Interior Spaces Organized. • Rethink Mechanical Systems. • Control Heat Exchange. • Have Optimal Insulation. • Use High-performance Windows and Doors. • Have Proper Building Orientation. • Design an Airtight Envelope. Some Passive Design Elements of Traditional Buildings:
• Courtyard: ✓ Courtyards is an appropriate place in old buildings and first have been seen in traditional Iranian architecture.
✓ Courtyard is a space that surrounded by walls or buildings with no
ceiling or shelter, completely open to the sky. Courtyard have been used in buildings to reach the thermal of human being and support to create a satisfaction environment using nature elements. ✓ Courtyards most of the time have a trees and green areas to create shading and cooling the hot air coming from the environment around, with water fountains in courtyard to create evaporation in air and have humidity to softness the air specially in deserted areas.
✓ Courtyard is not just a technique to reach thermal comfort but it
is a social spaces for gathering, activities and sitting. • Materials:
✓ Materials in traditional houses have different features and the
most known material was Mud. Mudbricks was used to build the walls and these walls were acting as structure system to carry out the load.
✓ Mud and Straw were mixed to be more durable, because this
material was used for constructing walls up to 70-80cm meter thick, thus, this thickness was helping prevent exchanging of heat between outside and inside of building. • Green Surfaces:
✓ Trees and plants have major effects on environment around us
all time. In traditional buildings trees and plants located in many spaces within the building.
✓ Courtyard consists many trees and plants either in the ground
or on the walls to cool down the air and to clean the air from dust if the building in desert region. Also, it acts as shading elements for both close and open spaces. What is Active Design? Active design strategies use purchased energy (including electricity and natural gas) to keep buildings comfortable. These strategies include mechanical system components such as air- conditioning, heat pumps, radiant heating, heat recovery ventilators, and electric lighting.
What is HVAC System?
An HVAC system refers to mechanical systems for Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning to maintain the desired environmental conditions within a space. There are many different systems available but should be tuned to the building’s needs. • Due to the HVAC achievements over the course of the 20th century, the mechanical air conditioning industry led the market in growth in energy use in buildings.
• While the advent of air conditioning made it possible to have
a comfortable indoor environment in any climate, it also led to design that completely ignored varying climatic conditions.
• For example, New York-style townhomes were built in New
Orleans. This caused buildings that had functioned efficiently in one environment to consume excessive amounts of energy in another. Essentially, we began to build less efficient buildings that used more energy. • After the 1970s energy crisis, stringent building codes began to arise through the Energy Policy Act to improve building efficiency.
• The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air
Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Standard 90 Energy Standard for Buildings addressed energy efficiency, Standard 62 Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality addressed ventilation, and Standard 55 addressed issues of thermal comfort. • These more stringent codes also required that mechanical equipment become more energy efficient. With these codes in place, an unintended consequence was that equipment continued to be optimized for sensible cooling.
• Factors emerged from these developed standards and changes
made to the manner in which we designed and constructed our buildings.