Elements and Principles of Art

Elements and Principles of Art
SECTION 1 Elements of Art Principles of Art

Form Emphasis in a
Form is an element of art that is composition refers to
Line three-dimensional and encloses developing points of
volume. Cubes, spheres, and interest to pull the
Shape cylinders are examples of various viewer's eye to
forms. Line is an element of art important parts of the
Color which refers to the continuos mark body of the work.
made on some surface by a Balance is a sense of
Texture moving point. It may be two stability in the body of
dimensional, like a pencil mark on work. Balance can be
Space a paper or it may be three created by repeating
dimensional(wire) or implied( the same shapes and by
Value edge of a shape or form) often it is creating a feeling of
a outline,contour or silhouette. equal weight.
Shape is an enclosed space Harmony is achieved
defined by other elements of art. in a body of work by
SECTION 2 shapes may take on the using similar elements
appearance of two-d or three- throughout the work,
Emphasis
objects. Color Is an element of harmony gives an
Balance art with three properties1) Hue, uncomplicated look to
the name of the color, e.g. red, your work. Variety
Harmony yellow, etc. 2) Intensity or the refers to the differences
purity and strength of the color in the work, You can
Variety
such as bright ness or dullness. achieve variety by using
Movement And 3) value, or the lightness or difference shapes,
darkness of the color. Texture textures, colors and
Rhythm refers to the surface quality or values in your work.
"feel" of an object, such as Movement adds
Proportion
roughness, smoothness, or excitement to your work
Unity softness. Actual texture can be felt by showing action and
while simulated textures are directing the viewers
implied by the way the artist eye throughout the
renders areas of the picture. picture plane. Rhythm
Space refers to the distance or is a type of movement
area between, around, above or in drawing and painting.
within things. It can be a It is seen in repeating of
description for both 2 and 3 shapes and colors.
dimensional portrayals. Value Alternating lights and
describes the lightness or darks also give a sense
darkness of a color. Value is of rhythm.
needed to express Volume. Proportion or scale
refers to the
relationships of the size
of objects in a body of
work. Proportions gives
a sense of size seen as
a relationship of
objects. such as
smallness or largeness.
Unity is seen in a
painting or drawing
when all the parts equal
a whole. Your work
should not appear
disjointed or confusing.
Space
The use of space and room in a piece of art. Positive space is the space taken up by
objects (surface). Negative space is the distance between objects (whitespace).
Nothing exists without it. Space can be thought of as the distance or area around,
between, above, below or within places. In art, space can be described as either two
dimensional or three dimensional.
The space in two dimensional artworks such as Open, down, gory and hillbilly (flat
space) is essentially limited to height and width. While there is no actual depth or
distance in such works, artists have created techniques to create the illusion of depth or
distance on these flat surfaces. The following represents some of those techniques:
a. The most prominent of these techniques is the application of linear perspective.

Through this application distant objects are rendered proportionately smaller than closer
ones. The determining factors of this space depends upon the horizon line and vanishing
points. Another of the more prominent techniques is known as atmospheric perspective.
This application renders distant objects and spaces with less detail and intensity than
closer objects. For example, the use of bluer colors for distant shapes can suggest space
between the viewer and the shapes.
b. The placement of objects can give the illusion of space. Distant shapes are higher and
closer shapes are lower in the picture plane.
c. Overlapping of objects on the picture plane can suggest space.
Through the rendering of these techniques, the artist appears to destroy the flatness of the
picture plane, transporting the viewer into what appears to be a world of actual space.
Three dimensional space is recognized as having height, width, depth, and is referred to
as actual space. This would include sculpture, furniture, architecture, ceramics and
jewelry. In the setting of a three dimensional work of art the viewer can freely move
around and (in the case of architecture) through it. Three dimensional art may use both
positive and negative space as a means of revealing content and meaning. For example, in
sculpture the spaces in and around the form can be described as negative space. Whereas
the form itself may be described as occupying a positive space. Another way to consider
distinctions of positive and negative space can be equated as the presence of physical
material = positive; or in the absence of it = negative. The consideration of how the artist
uses both positive and negative space in the articulation of their expression is an
important factor.
Value
Sometimes combined with color, value describes the lightness tint or darkness shade of a
color.
Value is often the single most important element in paintings and drawings and allows
the perception of forms. In other words, it is value and the changing values in pictures
that cause the perception of not just shapes, but implied three-dimensional forms.
Shape
Shape is the two-dimensional representation of an object or ideas like a triangle, circle, or
square. Shapes can be geometric or organic.
Line
It is said lines do not exist in nature; what appears to be a line is only a difference in
color. In art there are many types of lines:
1. Actual line: The form of line drawn by pen, pencil, or other implement. It may be
straight or curved.
2. Contour line: an outline that defines the shape of an object as well as the internal
lines that define the form of an object
3. Implied line: Not a proper line, but an aid that pushes the eye along the artwork, a
suggested line.
4. Psychic line: This form of line has no physical value; it is a psychologically
created line (e.g., when pointing to something, the eye travels from the hand to
that object as if on a line.
Form
Form is the three-dimensional counterpart to shape. There are two types of form:
Illusionary form is created through the use of concepts such as perspective in order to
show form on a two-dimensional work, whereas real form is the form seen in sculpture
and other three-dimensional art.
Texture
Texture can be either real or perceived. Tactile texture is how an artwork actually feels,
while implied texture is how an artwork appears to feel. Sometimes tone can create
texture.
Color
Colors in art are used in several ways. [2]
Primary colors
The primary colors are red, yellow and blue, and are used to create secondary and
intermediate colors.
Secondary colors
Secondary colors are made by mixing two primary colors together. The secondary colors
are:
1. Orange - made by mixing red and yellow

2. Green - made by mixing blue and yellow
3. Violet - made by mixing blue and red
Intermediate or Tertiary colors
Tertiary colors are made by mixing a secondary and a primary color together. Some
examples are blue-green and red-violet.
Warm, Cool and Neutral colors
Warm colors are the different shades of red, yellow and orange, and are called so because
they convey the feeling of warmth.
Cool colors are shades of blue, green and violet, conveying a feeling of coolness and
quiet.
Neutral colors are also called the earth tones, and are the colors of black, white and gray.
At times brown, beige and tan are also considered as neutral colors. These colors can be
made by either mixing the complimentary colors, all of the primaries, or mixing black
and white.
Complementary colors
Complementary colors are colors that are on the opposite sides on the color wheel. They
contrast each other and make each other appear brighter, adding energy to an artwork.
The complementary colors are:
1. Red and Green

2. Yellow and Violet
3. Blue and Orange
The Elements of Art
Matching exercise
Match the word on the top with the definitions on the bottom.
SHAPE
TEXTURE
LINE
FORM
SPACE
VALUE
COLOR
ELEMENTS OF ART
This refers to the way things feel, or look as they might feel if touched.
These are the building blocks for creating art.
A continuous mark made with a moving tool.
This element of art refers to the lightness and darkness of an object.
This is the element of art that is the area between, around, above, below or within things.
This element refers to the wavelength of reflected light.
This is the element of art that is sometimes called shape in three dimensions.
This is an area with a border around it.
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Elements and Principles of Art

SECTION 1 Elements of Art Principles of Art

a. The most prominent of these techniques is the application of linear perspective.

c. Overlapping of objects on the picture plane can suggest space.

1. Orange - made by mixing red and yellow

Intermediate or Tertiary colors

Warm, Cool and Neutral colors

1. Red and Green

These are the building blocks for creating art.

A continuous mark made with a moving tool.

This element of art refers to the lightness and darkness of an object.

This element refers to the wavelength of reflected light.

This is an area with a border around it.

Turn in for credit!!!

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