NON lesley 5 ing, and Critical Thinking Cd aNATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC Contents 8 ¢) 10 Prana ety onan Pes De PT Der Pad SMART ADVICE eteF Scope and Sequence Reading is Thee ecpe Happiness = feadng? feang 1 INVENTIVE = SOLUTIONS fr Soltons Resting 2 Fig leds Ute Pactages esdng 1 The Powe of rods Resdng 2 eating 1 = eating 2 ofee fading | MEMORY AND LEARNING Focus Focus Focus Inering Meaning Fom Context hesig, Relcing Focus lying Preble and elyna Sede, Focus Focus fat ting an Aanent Synmesong Ret Fe 9 Shesting Skil Focus Word Partners Expressions th ing Language formating Word Forms sti Focus Language for wat poner + nour Word tink ting Goat he and be Skil Foss Word Partners Language for wring Word ink ting Goat sha Focus Word Forms lang Ca Changing Nuns ito Actives Language fr Wiig Word Parnes ting Goat sta Focus Word Forms Language for Neting Vers Word Partners Writing Goal pressions wth sreScope and Sequence Reading 1 Focus The snake Chaser, cent Sr Understanding Metaphors nd Sims eee Feros ‘eco fesse vuruneseury ae ae toga man BUILDING om WONDERS. ‘Dating Deion Peeing Uses ‘a Reading? Det, Matching Scanning aang Sructres na} Foca FORM AND om cig ssi FUNCTION Petes int othe texdng2 Design Nature 1 0 Reading t Focus POEL 2 2S. smart apvice = editing, Understanin beng: sa 9e The Community Builder ve Main Idew and Details, ‘ eg? Pueaee rs ‘Lessons in Business. eee eas fefecting Stesing vaating fidence Irfering Mean, Ang Symtheseg Focus Apphng an eat 3 New Cones Ine, Srthesing inering Messing sat Focus Wing an Argenta Patagrach Language for witing wai oat \Whng pragoch abou whether sett sta Focus Language for Weng Weng Goal sti Focus Language fr vting Wating Goat sti Focus ite 2 Summary aagaph Language for wating ting oat fig a paregaph summateng secon of thereadng page "Des by Nate” Sti Focus Ging Deal tt Suppor Adv Language fr Wing ing the Ze Condon a Ge Weting Goat Wing pragaph ging acc about dependent Stent Han 2 Word Link Word Web Aajectivs fr Emoton Word ink Word Foms ‘Canging Acectes ito Adverbs Word Partners Word ink Word Partners Hdecve + athoroge Word ink Word Partners pressns with henge Word Partners pressions with ua Index of Exam Sis an Tasks 2The Pathway to Academic Readiness Pathways Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking, Second Edition uses National Geoaya ant content and carefully sequenced es | NEW AND UPDATED Video UPDATED conten New SLEEP AND MEMORY NEW AND UPDATED.» % Explicit veoting shi instruction = - —_—_ includes main des, dais inference, z prediction note-taking sequencing and * = vocabulary development . *ctitical thinking activities re integrated throughout each unit nd eee | Key academicand thematic | NEW Vocabulary extension activities vocabulary i paces and expanded cover wort forms word webs, nica ramen owe throughout each unit Collocation affine, and mote, to boost leamers reading and wring flereWriting Skills Practice online workbookBeta ‘Look atthe information on these pages and answer the questions. 1 eve ou er to ey of the cote shor here? Why you 2.Compare the formation about these x court trong nk between GDP pe capita ad ov es this suggest a ee = ee ee eset Rennes Match the correct form of the wards and phrases in blue to their definitions. ta preted fom danger or har aa that Cee Fieve’ lene SPOTS \What makes us happy? According tothe World Database of Happiness, people are happy ifthey feel that they have a good quality of life. This may include having {good standard of living, feeling safe and secure, or living ina society that provides basic healtheare for al [sit possible to measure happiness? Researchers atthe World Database of Happiness think so. The database (2005-2014) brings together scientific reports on happiness from 158 countries around the world, The researchers asked people to rate ther enjoyment of fe on a scale from 0 to 10. The top six happiest nations are shown here. Oman (18th) isthe happiest country in the Middle Eat. The happiest Asan ountres—the Philippines, Talland, and Singapore—placed 39th, 42nd, and 4rd, eee = aa eee eee eestor en Ce Coen $85,800 "ce (eos Dometic roduc per epithe ole of gods ant Sees proses acouy died lpnReading 1 PREPARING TO READ \.01NG (A) Thewords anc ptrass in blue below ae used inthe reading passage on pages 5-6 iy Complete each sentence withthe correct word o pinase. Use a ditonary to help you. ‘access. basic necessities equal financial freedom poverty socialize s1N¢ BD Discuss these questions with a partner ho do you normal solalize with fe and sheer, what da you think icnecessites i is is poverty 2 erousprblem in yourcount atthe government doing to © uscsc tgs iar you tke psn ned node obey Shae you Mees wah patns c01ctING (BP Look.atthe te and the subheads of the raging passage on pags 5-6 What do you think the ening passage about Check your answer you rad DS [Heme A RECIPE - Famisin Singapore often Spenirhawer FOR HAPPINESS? ‘What makes ws happy? Money? Friends? A good job? Are the answers the same for ‘everyone? According to world surveys, Mexico and Singapore are two happy countries—hut their people may be happy for diferent reasons. SAFETY AND SECURITY Tere are more than 21,000 people per sare mile! in the small nation of Singapore. People on the island work very long hours and regularly bring work home with them. The ‘country has strict les against smoking in public limering,* and even jaywalking” Bu according to the World Datahase of Happiness, Singapore is ‘one of the happiest counties in Asia, Why? paling or won ease urea place «¢_ overnment tops up ‘One reason for Singapore's happiness is that the government provides the basic necessities, such as housing and healthcare. There is almost no extreme poverty in Singapore. The "* poorer people's incomes so everyone can have a minimum standard of living, Iealso offers tax breaks! to people who look after thee aging parents. The result slot cof closely connected families with roughly equal standards of living, People may not be happy about all the laws, but they are generally happy with the results— they breathe clean at they don’ step in lites, andthe strets ate safe and orderly So for Singaporeans, it seems that living ina secure,clean, and safe place may he more important ‘than having a lr of personal freedom. Many societies are trying to find happy medium between order and freedom. Singapore's ‘ranking on the World Database of Happiness ‘suggests thatthe country has done a pretty decent jb at it. FRIENDS AND NEIGHBORS In many ways, Mexico isthe opposite of Singapore. Thee are some parts of Mexico where people donot have a safe or secure life Many people do not have jobs, enough food, or access to education. But asin Singapore, most people in Mexico feel that they ate happy. Why? ‘One reason isthe importance of social interaction. According to psychologists, much ‘of our happiness comes from feling that we are part of a anger community. Simple acts like smiling ata neighbor or having dinner with friends can greatly increase happiness. People in Mexico so family and fiends a lot, and this adds to their happiness. ‘But what about poverty? In Mexico, about half of the population is poor. However, smiost Mexicans live near people ina similar financial situation. If your neighbor doesn’ have expensive items—such asa big house or an expensive car—you probably don’t feel the red to have those things ether, So money, by itself, may not he that important for happiness. ‘What matters more is how much money you hhave compared to the people around you. [A MIXED RECIPE? So the question “What makes people happy?" does not seem to have a simple answer. Security, safety, freedom, and socializing with friends and family can all play important roles. As the examples of Singapore and Mexico suggest, there may be no single recipe for happiness. Irs up 10 each of us 0 find our own. UNDERSTANDING THE READING ] wats ne ain idea ofthe racing passage? unoenstaNoING appiness means diferent things to diferent people B According to the wite do the folowing statements ae apply to Mexico Singapore, UNDERSTANDING ‘or both? Complete the Venn cagram.« berans 2. Most pple here fel hat they ae hapey Mexico Singapore CRITICAL THINKING Use the contest—the words round aword-—to fer, Jess the meaning of vocabuly you dat know. The context can ao decide the word's pa of speech e9, ro re or adective For exam jst he east or sales aout eau, Fed and undetine the folowing bold words ad vases Inthe eddng passage Use CRITICAL THINKING Content to dent ther meanings Then matt each wordorpvaetoKedetmion, WFEMnIN ‘strict (paragraph 8) ‘happy medium (paragraph D) see took after paaganh© econ pmagrgh 3 © would you peter totven Singapore or Mex? Why? Complete the folowing CRITICAL THINKING sentence and share your es with pare: fusmevine voun (ink would prefer to nen Singapore / Mento becuDEVELOPING READING SKILLS READING SK The main tea ofa paragraph the most important ideo. othe dea thatthe paragraph is about A good paragraph as one man Kes and one or more “Supporting ideas ead the pagiaph below and think about its maine Researcher have found that he sunny weahen Medco one ofthe reasons hat people there oe hoppy. Meio has many hours of sunlight, o peep inNexc get a forofenaminb. tamin Disinportat fr overal health andl beng Aa ties show that en people tan they make moe endorphins chemin ou bodes thormae use hope Wich ofthese statements isthe manidea ofthe praoraph? a. Feopein Meco oe happy because thay get alo vitain D. Tanning makes us cece more endorphins which mate us fet hap. Test sentence the main Kea The other twa sentences are supporting eas that explain the main dea warctine (®) Lookbackat the reading passage on pages 5-6. Match each main idea below toa paragraph (Hom the reading passage ‘One reson people te generally happy that the government prowdes Fania support othe poorer members of sty 2. You dont need 1 havea lot of money o be hapoy. Spending time with family and fends can contibute to happiness 4 Tete are ferent answers tothe question, "What makes peopl happy 5 Most peopl are ling to gve up certain freedoms to gan mote safety and roenrirvine (@ Read the fomtion about enmark Then write the man idea ofthe paragraph Happiness Denmarkis the second happiest county inthe world anc most Danes are ft They have lower ate of abesty than many ofthe European nelghbors Danish ties ae designed sts eazy to walk ce rom one lace to another. For instance, mary roads in Copenhagen havea speci lane just for pls. And with a 30-minute walk, you an go rm the ty of Copenhagen tthe ocean, where you can sal osm, orto the rood where you cn ike, Everyonehas easy acces to recreation, pare eat Eeiciaurs a LEADERS BEFORE VIEWING {BD some people ve 100 years or more What do you think these people dota stay ica Once your deat with pre. (ead ne ormation about achieving a longi. Then answer the questions Leaning asou fond 100, ae some of tel secrets tolongety? Scenic research shows hat eating the ihe foods pays aba olen determina ho ona you've Aesth det inches plenty of fut vegetables, and low-fat day products. Execs saso important Astady |ubishedin PL0S Meine ound that people who exerci at recommended levels inactive aktlon research (gained 3 yeas of fe compared to those whe wer suggests that there is fink between happines and ifespan—happy people wth a postive outok on fe tend to Ivelonger andexperence beter health than the 1. Wha af thee things people do tha increases thei ifespa“significant numberof Japanese peopl lve very ong ves There are almost 52 eantenarians 100000 people par. PREPARING TO READ Processed foods sich s frozen pizza arent good for your heath - See ee eera tae sass Far cares toy ca “The words in blue below are used inthe eading passage on pages 12-3.Complete_SuILOING ee aac ‘each sentence with the correct form ofthe word Use a detionay to elp you. WOCABULARY 1, tr aay ortving ati asec on ot ustoms mood corel —] 2 tna person who tiesto be 100 years old oder = ee ae 3 trod that as ben ater fom its rat 1. Aperon's_____ 90a ar ncluse saving maney for retement, - state and that contains added chemicals income suleisien rene WHILE VIEWING rents franca by paying thet media and hour il uwosnsravoine (Ed woth he vie. Acconng othe vdeo mich ofthe folowing? 3. Heat foe rcs and teresa ensis ae impor fra esos piyscaland met Tee eons ‘a, The world will struggle to meet the needs of an aging population. 2 erage esa mapa chocaca hupmpce roe nN ceinswwe oes ie leparreahad UNDERSTANDING (BE Watch the video again and answer the questions below. 5, A petson's_________can change depending onthe weather. For 1 eth one onthe vd ppd pecans fe has = 2. Wace nrarercan eva bn te Howbngcan te B dvcmeseqvtonsth apart vse 1. How wouldyou describe your community? Whats it keto ive there? 2. Whatare somethings that put youina good mood? 5, or aretwo cuatro Orava centenarins tates gochey? (Ge sensing pasage on pages 12-13 loos afourbsk fects forkappines Wie nAINSTORMING the actor inthe word web Below Then wit a partes barton some words oF 4. Des one ny young! Oknwans a feet fom the enters. Phrases that you tnkmight sate ech oe AFTER VIEWING reacrine 10. (M) Dicuss these questions wih partner < THEVIDEO |. are tetea et of elderly peopl in your community? Why do you thnk hiss? i 2. nthe video te nator same cents have sated 1 eat gigas a dscase ? instead of natal parof humane What do you hits ans? carricat uinxin: (Compare Okinawa with ete Singapore or Mexico. Whats ne thing people in those ShiTiesizinc places have n common? Complete the folowing sentence, People in kina nd_______ategeneraly happy becase : I ~FOUR KE¥S 10 flea [sss Researchers have found that different people need differen chings to be happy. But there are some basic things thae anyone can do to become happier. Here are four areas of your lfe you can focus on to improve your long-term happiness. 1, STAY CONNECTED Psychiatrist Robert Waklinger directs the Harvard Study of Adule Development, ne ofthe longest-running studies of adult behavior. The study tacked the lives of two groups of men i the United States for over 75 years. One ofthe main findings from the study isthe importance of social connections “It rans out that people who ate ds, Thy'te ‘community, ae happien” says Waldinger physically healthieg, and they iv longer than people who are less well-connected” The happiest larly with fiends and family and People meet re support each other in dificul times, 2. KEEP ACTIVE ‘Nic Marks isthe founder ofthe Ha Index, which tracks ppy Planet tional well-being around the workd, One of the most important ways toimprove well-being, he believes is keep activehealthy people are happier people. “The fastest way out of a bad mood" Marks says, to" step outside, go for a walk, turn the radio on and dance. Being active is grea for our poste mood” Beng close to nature can also boost happiness. “Our pleasures are eeally ancient," says perch y Ficoll, "Ws have a reeponeet0 ‘the natural world that’s very profound” Walking pet in the outdoors, for example, can improve ‘our mood, Pets aot only encourage cheir owners to be healthy, they also provide love and friendship, increasing their owners’ self-esteem, 3. BUY LESS Te amount of money you have is for happiness—but your salary may be less important than how you use it. Think carefully bet example. Tey to spend mon that will really enrich your life, such as music lessons, oa vacation with family or friends Ww Graham Hill, and *ask ourselves: ‘ls that realy 7 ay i expensive clothes or anew car, for ‘instead on things to think before we buy,” urges designer going to make me happier?” Too often we buy things we don’ really need. The less stuf we have in our lives, Hill argues, the happier we will be 4. GIVE AWAY Social science esearcher Michael Norton has studied happiness levels around the world, He foun that che act of giving money to people has a powerful effet om the giver as well asthe receiver. “Almost everywhere we look,” says Norton, “we see that giving money away makes you happier than keeping it for yourself." The amount of money isnt so important. "What realy matters is that you spent it on somebody else rather than on yourself,” he adds. Another way to give away is to volunteer at homeless shelters, for example, find that it helps take the focus off their own problems tind makes them feel grateful for what they have. ‘Author David Steindl-Rast believes that being trateful may be the most important foundation for happiness "It is not happiness that makes us trateful I's gratefulness that makes us happy.”UNDERSTANDING THE READING unoeastanoine () Which sentence best summarizes the reading passage? roewrievin main (Read these scenarios below. Check) the four that flow the advice nthe reading DEAS passage cairicat tannins: (@) Find and undertine the bod words and phrases below on pages 12-13 Use context to INFERRING MEANING Kentfythek meanings. Then cle the comect nswersto complete the definitions, Hfyouhave high slfesteem, you utyours Salary the amount for _ enrich i Fyoutake the focus off something. you give it (mores) ater carricnr minxino; (6) choot thee factors from the reacing passage that you feel ae most important or SEFLECTING > happiness tea sentence for each one cescrbng how you can change tae of Youre tobecome happen share your eas wth partner, Example: i Writing EXPLORING WRITTEN ENGLISH |] ead the sentences below. Which describe general facts and which describe routines? NoTICiNc Gece Ffor factor for routine. here ae mort opleger sauaremieinthesmalnaton FR than average of 50 hou FoR ne goverment offers taxbreaks to people wholookafierther aging «FOR f . FoR snd is one ofthe a ves int FoR i FoR he FoR nar aon RE docsnthave walkover vey dy. en she olunters tthe hams shee simple preset tense verbs, we we the tase frm wth Seen : dezyoutverey co; heh have: y/velthey hovechehe (B Under he sinl presen ese eb n sentences never A© complete he erences sing the smo present ese ofthe vers in parentheses, 1, crt oscars hapy people —____ sec alt of time socing with ay nd ends 2 People nny ofice__ (be) generally happy because the company (ote a good work balance (provide ee heathcare and (have) qual access to base 3 In Denmark the government education rats ciens venone. 4, When people__ (no safe in thet nelghbornood they generally —__ (norte veryhapoy. 5. Centenarans in Okinawa and Sarnia _____thave similar testes they (10 ther own vegetables an (eo) natural foods (© sing the sie reser tre, write tee sentences about things you do regula ‘hata you el hp |] sing the simple present tense, write three sentences that describe general facts. bout your county or community ‘Most paragraphs include a sentence that states the man idea ofthe paragraph. This sentence called the topic sentences usualy the fst sentence inthe paaaraph, ‘butrot always Topic sentences can also apps within the paragraph or atthe end ofthe paragraph | strong topic sentence should introduce the main de of the paragraph should ‘tbe too genera or too spec, Fo examde the paragraph s about how the ‘goverment helps incense people’ happiness ths Wea shouldbe cided nthe topic sentence : Singperearsare general happy > weak topic sentence; too general ‘Onereoson Singaporeans ae genaly happy thatthe government provides basic cess suchas housing. > strong topic sentence . As another example ifthe paragrah presents the cument that you dort need 2 lot of money to be happy this dea shouldbe Included inthe topic sentence. ‘About 50 percent Meio cites nen pve > weak topic sentence too specie ven though many people in Mexico nein poverty overall eported happiness ssi ‘ey high 9 strong top sentence LUndetine the topic sentence in each paragraph One ofthe tope sentences is stronger than the others. 1, nMesio family imperant Family memtersare vay cose are support one another during ficult imes Grandparents take cate of arandchicken so the children’s parents can go to work and eam mney When the chien Fo¥ UP, they take cate oftheir parents, This one ofthe reasons why people in Mexico are generally hap. Studies have shown that laughter may be an imptant factor forhppiness and that Pople who laugh alot are happier. People who laugh more tendo have higher levels of seesteem, They aso tendo be healthier Laughter soimporant for our {general wellbeing that some people goo Taughter therapy where they laugh with groupso other people 3. Fest he you jb ay Cou alot oF peuple aumento based on how much pay ran what other people think about that job, Buin [Denmark one of the werl’ happiest counties, most people tae jobs hit interest them That gues them abetter chance to feo motiated and happy at work B Pewee 90 weak topisrtencs tom wereWRITING TASK {GOAL Youre going to write a paragraph onthe flowing topic Do you think people in your community are generally happy or unhappy? Give ‘thre reasons for your answer. enainsronmine @) fralnstorm aso things that make people in your community happy anda et of things that peopen you community maybe Unhopoy abo. ‘Things peoplein my community __Things peoplein my community ‘are happy about ‘are unhappy about suanne (B Fotow tes steps to mae notes or your paragraph Step 1 Lookst yournates above Da you tink people in your community are generaly happy or unhappy? Wite atop sentence in the outne below. ‘Step 2. Choose hie things rom your notes above that support your ope sentence, Note them the outline a esos. ‘Step 3 Fr each reason wte one orto details examples or facts Dont worry about ‘fommar of speling Don't write complete sentences, ouTuine Tope: Are people in your community generally happy oF unhappy? Topic Sentence: Reason 1: Deva Reason 2: Devas Reason 3: Devas rinst onar? (@ Usethe infomation nyouroutineo wie fist your paragraph REVISING PRACTICE ‘The drafts below aresimilarto the one youare going to wate but they are on a different opi ‘Are yougenealy hoppy or une Decbe ree hing tha make you happy oF ‘unhappy. We tocar more deta about eachore, ard explan why mikes you Fe swoy ‘What did the walter don Ora 2 to lmprove the paragraph? Match the changes {@-d)tothehighlighted pars 2, comtected aver form ». add det to explain aeason 6. dleted unrelated information <4. made the topic sentence sronger - Draft Ithinktim generally happy has a great jos Ido wen that fee! passionate abou an ke my co workers. doe make alot money 9 sometimes have todo extra ‘workonthe weekends, want ta askfor a aie at work My family and ends ate very supportive Whenever! have problems, know that my family ar fends wl help sme. My fends ao make me ugh an adtion, Im healthy Deatt2 {think tm general happy because ike mos things about my He havea great jab do work tha fel passionate about and o ke ny co=Norkers My family and ends are very supportive. o Whenever have prablems, know that my family aiends ‘whe me, My end alo make me aught. adetion Fm Peat. dont have any Hesse and ply fan spas suchas ao seccerand basetball 1B) Now use the questions below to revise your paragraph, neviseo DRAFT 11 Does the paragraph have one main idea? 11 Doesa stong tpi sentence ntouce thera idea? 1 es the paragraph include tree reasons that relate tothe main idea? 1 Does the paragraph include one or two deta for each reason? 1 Areal ver fs cot? 1 Isthere any information that doesn belong?EDITING PRACTICE Read the information below CCorect one mistake with the simple present tense in each sentence below, IB Fotiow these stepsto wit a final daft. UNIT REVIEW Asner the followin ie ——— Chaccessm bas 5 Cecual — Difnancistam freedom power no you use the simple prove Dsecueam social Roca) eerEt Cannon {A Lookat the information on these pages and answer the questions. 1. Do you agtee with theft f the mostimpartant invention? Can you think father imerions toad? 2, Ofthese top 10 entons, how mary were developed thin the st 200 year? Why do you think this? 1 Match the wordsin blue to their definitions. (6) aplanorrawing that shows the lookand function of something being etective without wasting time oreneray (7) the tol, machines andothertems needed fora particu ak A wing — Bre"? rin TET, 8 Pee mieran Language TTB ETIITET, FTAs] aR ETSI Th JE rs PEE TTI TOM pre TET HTS PITY Sgr tT PRD TD MD TD | Jeers Gutenberg invented anew typeof Dee wee printing press in 1439. Noone knot ate Hebasedhisdesignon exiting technoiogis, buthisimenton had \ movable type. Tis ‘made the printing process much aster, invented the wheel, buthistoriansbeleve ‘hati fist appeared in ‘Mesopotamia around cater ‘Soon, thousands whelsare used for ‘transportation and in ‘of books were being ay printed ons press on une Ghraighoutueneand 6 inter tne wo The match WHAT'S THE WORLD'S GREATEST INVENTION? ‘The publishing company Raconteur asked ‘And the number one invention? According to ‘over 400 people to name the world’s most survey results the greatest invention of alltime important inventions. Here ae the top 10.Some _is the World Wide Web, followed by the printing inventions —ike the car—make everyday life press and the wheel «easier Medical inventions —such as antbiotis s save lives, Others—lke the smartphone— " hanged the way we communicate @ @ 1 re wons Wide Wed European Organization fr Nuclear Rescoreh (CERN) needed an efiient way {cee each others work. Tm BerersLee,a sofware a] engineer at CERN created a + System that made it easy ‘hare nformation. In 1989, be had theidea of rating 7 similar system forthe whole 10 Antbioties wold This became the Wold The Wide eb—hatmostpeople_-‘Thesmartphone personal today cal the nemet” computer| ae 1 PREPARING TO READ suitoine (M) Tewordsinblve below ae sed inthe reading passage on pages 25-26 Match the vocnavtany » gonectformatesci wordt ols defntion lecticy has many uses we cook with and heat and ight ourhomes with also powers our cell phones. ‘Many people consider Tomas Fson—the inventor of th ofthe greatest erative thinkers of a time. on was pally deot He struggled to nda steady jb before eventually Some Inventions are very expensive, so not everyone can afford thes Ss Tameous fr his esearch onthe causes and prevention of diseases. 1 (s)to supply the energy needed for something to (ad) in the end, especialy ater aloof problems be used ating and ighting 4, tr the act of making sure that something does nat hapen 5. tron 1ugh money to pay for something THE POWER OF CREATIVITY ‘William Kamkweambs lives in Malawi, Afica, where most people don’t have access to electricity or running water They have to cook over open Fires ‘and collect water from wells or steams. Poverty is very high; only 2 percent of “Malawians can afford electricity. In addtien, most people have to grow their ‘own food, Life is dificult there, and many people struggle co survive. ‘In 2001, when William was 14 years ob, fein Malawi became even more Aifculk. Thee was a severe drought! and most fmilies—including Willam’s— couldn't grow enough food. He explains, “Within five months all Malawians bbegan ro starve to death, My family ate One meal pe day, at ight” ‘Because ofthe drought, William's family couldn't afford to send him to school anymore, However, William wantec to continue his education, so he went to the library neat his home one day. He feund a science book there called Using «¢_ Energy. Included instructions for building windmill. Windmills can be very ciisen sources of electricity, and they can bring water up from underground. "Rang ater soup nt lg hgh ps | tan Kamba ‘Wiliam did't know much English, and he waste able vo understand mostof aaa the book, but it was fll of pictures and disrams.” Looking at the pictures, ‘William shought he could build a windmill for his family. 6, —___ toy very hard tod something thats ificut "Diem eight sank eg ea machin we 7, a able to vent hing nave nga eas tam wedi Bier pers and usin oiscus these questions wth a pare certNoweso7 iemstobanon ‘indo 1. Are yous erative person? Desribe one way in which you are creative 2, Watare some souces of energy tat can produce elect? tnainsronyinc (@ Makea eto things you use every dy tat equ lect Share your es witha partes a ro prcoicrine (Skim te fst paragraph ofthe reading pestageon pages 25-26 and look the [cures and cptons What do you tank the racing passage mal abou? Checkout answer os you red a enegy sotages in windmills generatWhen William went home and started building his windmill, loe of people in his village laughed at him, including his mother. They didn’ chink he could do it. However, William didn't let chat stop him—he was confident. He saw the photo of the windmill in the book. That meant someone ese was able to uid it, 50 he knew he could build i, too. Wiliam was also He didn't have the parts and. tharhe ‘saw in the hook’s diagrams, and he coulda’t buy them. So he looked forthe parts that he needed in junkyards.* ‘While building the windmill, William changed and improved his design litle by lite, Ae frst, the wind only one lightbulb. Then it powered four lights there was enough electricity for four lights and a radio. No one laughed at William afeer tha, and people in his village started to come to his house to get power for their eell phones. Later, William, builea second windmill This one broughe water up fom underground. After that, he began to teach other people how to build windmills. He also continued to build more of them himself, including one at a primary school. Because of his sucess with the windmills, William was able to go hack to school. He also helped to develop a malaria‘ ‘rogram and clean water services in his community. He wrote a book about his life called The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind: Creating Currents of Electricity and Hope In addition, he uses his website ro educate people and to give them hope His main message is this; “To the Africans, and the poor ‘ho are strugling with your dreams... rust yourself and believe. Whatever happens, don’ give up.” UNDERSTANDING THE READING B coose te best aerate tile forthe reading passage. @ Anower the qustons below ung norman from the reading passage ERSTANOIN CRITICAL THINKING To analyze problems and solutions 3 ak (© complet the char blow Fin te misng problems ad sohtons. Problems fnonceMs an teeau bcd mich Engh ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ v Solutons {B choose one ofthe problems mentioned etc Cn what ther ay) could cae THINK Willa have dele witht Discuss with a pate.DEVELOPING READING SKILLS PCr ‘etal tll mere about the main ea, They explain, develop, and ils ‘main ide by giving reasons and examples, To help leat the deals of paragraph ist identity the main dea Then turn the man dea statement into a question by wing words Me who nhat hen, here why oF hon Lookat the paragraph below fom the reading passage What does each colored sentence do? Wen iim went sahedar i ier thr sop ative He id ‘nd he cout uy the ond started bung bs windmialot of peopein is vilage lading smother Tey cn ink he could dt However ete eee eee eee he main dea ofthe paragraph that Wilam was confident and cre his wind The red sentences give reasons lam vas conf ‘sentences give examples hou ila nas create ve in buling rocwrirvine tHe (A) Read te information about seat bes. Then wie the mln dea of the paragraph and ibe and thee deta ‘ore than a milion ves sofa. Bohn invented anew type of seat bet tha sia mo made today, fore fons invention, eat bets were bu bbuekles often caused jules dung high-speed accidents. obi’ set bt holds th ope and lower body safely in place with onestap ares the chest and one across the his. with a buckle a the sie, Mainides Detail etal Deval ewriryine (B) Lookbackatthe ding passage on pages 25-26 Find and underne te deta Serle Then shate yur answers witha partner Workers installa acre panel ‘ona rootin Camaro, Calor SOLAR SOLUTIONS BEFORE VIEWING @ Wat re some reasons or esng solar power Discs your kes witha partes (Bead the information about solar panels. Ther answer the questions. EARNING ABOUT ‘baht enought fufilathe work's power needs many times ay 0 use this solar energy, The simplest method isto use solar hot water anes—these canbe jst bose of hot water pipes covered with gh sheet sully paced on oo. These tn the us sible Ight into infaed adaton. Tis pes tat canbe sed, fr example, a battvaom oritchen, Solar res hand, tum sunlight rectly ina elect. These panels are pecal materia such assicon (made fom sand, ls, and meta—thot are mad 1, What sone advantage of solr power meninedin the pag 2, What wo yes of sols practical for use in developing counties and why? ogy are mertoned? Which type do youthink's morevocasutany (@ flow are some quotes rom the video. Match the correc form ofeach bold wordor In conTeXY phrase tot defton, “The garbage pled everywhere considered valuable because Ws fen recycled and reused Caro has bsen going green long before became fashionable” “The solr heaters lew urbon dwellers acces toa ple supply oft water and ey eutdown on porenial nergy cass” “once they accep that sls ne-raling heres an easy thing todo" 1, to redce or decrease (9) tolve nan environmentally sponsible way (0) something thats easy or obvious (a peson who esin aspect pace WHILE VIEWING unersranoinc Bl Watch the video Check’ the goa of Thomas Tab Clan’ project MAIN IDEAS 1 toring affordable hot water ta residents of CaKo te haw Egyptians haw thay can save water 13. roincrease awareness about the importance of eying UNoERSTaNDING (BI Watch te vdeo again and answer the questions below 1, What are Culhane's solar powered waterheates made fom? 2. Why ie Cao welsuted ta Cuhane’s projec? 3. What one problem with using solar panes in Calo? What sa simple solution otis problem? AFTER VIEWING rexcrins 10. (A Dscusthese questions tha partner THEVIDEO 1. Would solar-powered water heaters work wllin your county? Why ar why not? 2. iat does the arto athe end ofthe ideo? Complete sentence: “Onemans__trarotherman’. ‘What do youthink hs saying means? cnvvicnsranuxne: @ Usttwothings il Kamkoamt' winds and Thomas Taha Canes water SYMTHESIZING > Renters hve common. i Reading 2 PREPARING TO READ ‘Te words in bue below ae used nthe reading passage on pages 32-32.Read thelr 6UILOING semaine sabesteody stays faboud these Prepositions ae often used to describe infomation in chats and gaps. + Use fo with most erst ak about a number or amount that something reached. + Use by wth mest verbs to talkabout how much something changed. + Use these words ak about time vera period of time beten-—a peted from one yea To another by—atacenan time {nding a number of years ‘As the graph shows, sos ose to $50.ion by 2010, ‘cording tothe raph, exo ss fellby 20 pscent over 10 yor ‘As the chart shows sls oo12rg2r043y doubled in veers $$$