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    Glass Manufacturing

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    Bea Loryll Tarlac
    Glass is manufactured through a process involving melting raw materials like sand, soda ash, and limestone at high temperatures. This molten glass is refined and poured onto a tin float bath to form a continuous ribbon, which is annealed for strength and inspected for quality before being cut, coated, and shipped to customers. Key steps include melting, float bath production, annealing for solidification, quality checks, cutting and packaging, optional coating applications, and final dispatch. Machinery used includes furnaces, float baths, annealing lehrs, cutting systems, coating equipment, and lifting, packaging, and shipping machinery.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Glass Manufacturing

    Uploaded by

    Bea Loryll Tarlac
    51 views22 pages
    Glass is manufactured through a process involving melting raw materials like sand, soda ash, and limestone at high temperatures. This molten glass is refined and poured onto a tin float bath to form a continuous ribbon, which is annealed for strength and inspected for quality before being cut, coated, and shipped to customers. Key steps include melting, float bath production, annealing for solidification, quality checks, cutting and packaging, optional coating applications, and final dispatch. Machinery used includes furnaces, float baths, annealing lehrs, cutting systems, coating equipment, and lifting, packaging, and shipping machinery.

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    Glass is manufactured through a process involving melting raw materials like sand, soda ash, and limestone at high temperatures. This molten glass is refined and poured onto a tin float bath to form a continuous ribbon, which is annealed for strength and inspected for quality before being cut, coated, and shipped to customers. Key steps include melting, float bath production, annealing for solidification, quality checks, cutting and packaging, optional coating applications, and final dispatch. Machinery used includes furnaces, float baths, annealing lehrs, cutting systems, coating equipment, and lifting, packaging, and shipping machinery.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    51 views22 pages

    Glass Manufacturing

    Uploaded by

    Bea Loryll Tarlac
    Glass is manufactured through a process involving melting raw materials like sand, soda ash, and limestone at high temperatures. This molten glass is refined and poured onto a tin float bath to form a continuous ribbon, which is annealed for strength and inspected for quality before being cut, coated, and shipped to customers. Key steps include melting, float bath production, annealing for solidification, quality checks, cutting and packaging, optional coating applications, and final dispatch. Machinery used includes furnaces, float baths, annealing lehrs, cutting systems, coating equipment, and lifting, packaging, and shipping machinery.

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    Manufacturing & Industrial Processes:

    GLASS
    MANUFACTURING
    December 9, 2023
    GROUP MEMBERS

    Canatuan, Rieand Orejola, John Edmil Ramiro, john Micole


    Reporter & Researcher Reporter & Researcher Reporter & Researcher

    Rodriguez, EJ Tarlac, Bea Loryll


    Reporter & Researcher Editor & Reporter
    01
    INTRODUCTION
    an inorganic solid material that is usually
    transparent or translucent as well as
    hard, brittle, and impervious to the
    natural elements
    RAW MATERIALS

    made from natural and


    abundant raw materials
    (sand, soda ash and
    limestone) that are melted
    at high temperature to
    form a new material
    STEPS IN PRODUCTION

    02 04
    01 Tin Float Bath 03 Quality Inspection

    Melting and Annealing


    Refining
    06
    05 Coating 07
    Cutting and Lift Dispatch
    Off
    1. Melting and Refining

    ● Starts as a mixture of
    raw materials
    ● Closely monitored and
    controlled for quality
    ● Combined together and
    heated to make molten
    batches of glass
    MELTING AND REFINING PROCESSES

    Melting Refining Temperature


    melted at 1500C by a molten ingredients are Control
    combination of then homogenized and molten glass is made
    pre-heated air and bubbles of gas are cooled enough
    natural gas jet streams removed
    2. Float Bath

    ● molten material from


    furnace flows into the float
    bath which consists of a
    mirror-like surface made
    from molten tin
    ● material enters the bath at
    1500 degree Celsius and
    leaves the bath at around
    650 degree Celsius
    3. Annealing

    ● To ensure the solidity of


    the glass containers, they
    are placed in an annealing
    chest where they are
    cooled in a slow and
    controlled manner
    ● To avoid the stresses, the
    glass passes through a heat
    treatment tunnel known as
    a lehr.
    4. Quality Inspection

    ● Scanners examine the


    hardened ribbon to identify
    imperfections.
    ● Where a bubble may have
    been missed during refining
    stage, a grain of sand may
    have refused to melt or a
    tremor in the float bath may
    have caused ripples are
    revealed and discarded
    ●
    5. Cutting and Lift Off

    ● As the ribbon moves along


    the conveyor rolls, its edges
    are trimmed off by diamond
    wheels
    ● lifted off by robotic arms and
    stacked into racks, cases, or
    packs all set to be coated or
    delivered to customers
    6. Coating

    ● This is the stage where a


    variety of coatings to
    improve the thermal and
    solar performance of the
    glass
    ● Some manufacturers deposit
    coatings in glass during early
    stages of the float process
    ● But coating application is
    usually done when this is cut
    to precision.
    ●
    7. Dispatch

    ● Once multiple coatings are


    applied, they are stacked onto
    vehicles ready for dispatch
    ● This final stage of the float
    manufacturing process
    involves lading the cases of
    panes onto trucks or into
    open-top containers and then
    shipping the orders to the
    customer
    ■
    PROCESSES
    INVOLVED
    FLAT GLASS
    01 Flat glass, sheet glass, or plate glass
    is made by two processes: float glass
    and rolled glass process
    FLAT GLASS PROCESSES

    Float Glass Rolled Glass


    01 Ribbon of glass is made by 02 The continuous stream of
    pouring molten glass from molten glass from a
    the furnace to a bed of furnace passes through a
    molten metal such as tin, pair of water cooled
    lead and low melting point rollers
    alloys under controlled
    atmosphere
    FIBERGLASS
    02 Fiberglass in available in two types:
    continuous glass fiber and short
    glass fiber (glass wool)
    GLASS FIBERS PROCESSES

    Continuous Glass Short Glass Fiber


    01 Fiber 02 the molten glass is ejected
    produced by drawing from a rotating head by
    molten glass through centrifugal spraying
    multiple orifices process
    GLASS TUBING
    03 molten glass flows around a rotating
    hollow cone-shaped/cylindrical
    mandrel supplied continuously while
    drawn out by set of rollers
    TOOLS & MACHINERY USED
    1. CNC Machining Centers
    2. Glass Sandblasting Machines
    3. Industrial Water Filtration Systems
    4. Glass Cutting Systems
    5. Glass Drilling Machines
    6. Glass Edging and Polishing
    7. Glass Laminating Systems
    8. Glass Lifting Equipment
    9. Glass Washing Machines
    10. Horizontal Glass Grinding Machine
    11. Glass WaterJet Cutters
    12. Tempering Furnaces
    SUMMARY
    Glass - Glass - Glass - Glass - Glass - Glass - Glass - Glass

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