Scribd
Upload
40 views14 pages

Physics Project BANOJIT Mallick

This document contains a student's physics investigatory project on Young's double slit experiment and diffraction patterns through a single slit. The project includes an introduction, derivation, experiment setup, observations, and sections on the two topics. It receives signatures of approval from the teacher, examiner and principal. The student acknowledges the support received from the teacher and principal in completing the project on time.

Uploaded by

banojitmallick
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
40 views14 pages

Physics Project BANOJIT Mallick

This document contains a student's physics investigatory project on Young's double slit experiment and diffraction patterns through a single slit. The project includes an introduction, derivation, experiment setup, observations, and sections on the two topics. It receives signatures of approval from the teacher, examiner and principal. The student acknowledges the support received from the teacher and principal in completing the project on time.

Uploaded by

banojitmallick
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

VIVEKANANDA KENDRA ZILLA

PARISHAD VIDYALAYA
SESSION-2023-24

PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

NAME : BANOJIT MALLICK

ROLL NO.: 03

CLASS : 12th

SUBJECT : PHYSICS

TOPIC : YOUNG’S DOUBLE SLIT EXPERIMENT


AND DIFFRACTION PATTERN THROUGH
A SINGLE SLIT.

TEACHER’S SIGN EXAMINER’S SIGN PRINCIPAL’S SIGN


CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that I am BANOJIT MALLICK of CLASS


XII of VIVEKANANDA KENDRA ZILLA PARISHAD
VIDYALAYA has successfully completed PHYSICS
investigatory project on topic YOUNG’S DOUBLE SLIT
EXPERIMENT AND DIFFRACTION PATTERN
THROUGH A SINGLE SLIT during the year 2023-2024 in
the practical fulfillment of physics practical exam.

TEACHER’S SIGN EXAMINER’S SIGN PRINCIPAL’S SIGN


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to


my teacher (G. KARUNAN) as well as our principal (SHRI
MANIMOHAN HIRA) who gave me the golden
opportunity to do this wonderful project on topic
YOUNG’S DOUBLE SLIT EXPERIMENT AND DIFFRACTION
PATTERN THROUGH A SINGLE SLIT which also helped me
in doing a lot of research and I am really thankful to
them.

Secondly, I would also like to thanks my parents and


friends who helped me a lot in finalizing project within
the limited time frame.
YOUNG'S DOUBLE-SLIT EXPERIMENT

INTRODUCTION
The study of light has been an ongoing quest for
scientists across centuries, and few experiments have
been as pivotal in shaping our understanding of its
properties as Thomas Young's Double-Slit Experiment.
Young's ingenious setup provided crucial insights into
the nature of light, challenging conventional wisdom
and fundamentally altering the course of physics. This
essay aims to delve deeper into the experiment's
intricacies, its historical context, significance, and its
profound impact on scientific thought.
DERIVATION
D>>d: It means the light rays approximately parallel with
path difference

Δx =S2P – S1P ~ d.sinθ= Δ x= yd/D

as sinθ= tanθ = y/D

For maximum intensity at point P

Δx = nλ ( n = 0, ±1, ±2,...)

For minimum intensity at point P

Δx= (2n - I) λ/2 (n= ±1, ±2,…)

For bright fringe (n = 0 ) is known central Fringe


Position for maximum intensity

y = nλD/d - Max

Position for minimum Intensity

yd/D = (2n - 1) λ/2

y = (2n - 1) λD/2d - Min

MAXIMA
when, n=0
Y=0 - central maxima

when, n=l
y1 =λD/d - 1st maxima

When, n=2
Y2= 2λD/d - 2nd maxima
when, n=3
y3 = 3λD/d -3rd maxima

MINIMA
When, n=1
y1 = λD/2d - 1st minima

When, n=2
y2= 3λD/2d - 2nd minima

When, n = 3
y3 = 5λD/2d - 3rd minima

FRINGE WIDTH (W)


Distance between two adjacent bright or dark fringes.

W = nλD/d – (n-1) λD/d


W = λD/d
Experiment Setup

Components:
Light Source: Produces coherent light.
Barrier with Two Slits (Double Slit): Small, parallel
slits allowing light to pass through.
Screen: Placed behind the slits to observe the pattern
formed by light.

THEORY

Wave Nature of Light: According to the wave theory,


light exhibits interference phenomena.
Constructive and Destructive Interference:
Constructive: Occurs when waves meet in phase,
amplifying each other.
Destructive: Waves meeting out of phase cancel each
other.
Path Difference: Light waves from the two slits travel
different distances to reach the screen.
OBSERVATIONS

INTERFERENCE PATTERN:
On the screen, an interference pattern emerges a series
of bright and dark fringes.

BRIGHT FRINGE
Bright fringes correspond to constructive interference.
Position of bright fringe:
Yn= nλD/d

DARK FRINGE
Dark fringes correspond to destructive interference.
Position of dark fringe:
Yn= (2n - 1) λD/2d
DIFFRACTION PATTERNS THROUGH A
SINGLE SLIT

INTRODUCTION
The study of diffraction, particularly the patterns
produced by a single slit, represents a captivating
intersection between physics and the behavior of light
waves. This essay aims to delve deeper into the intricate
nature of diffraction patterns, exploring their
characteristics, formation, significance, and diverse
applications within the realm of science and technology.
1. The Nature of Diffraction

Diffraction is a fundamental phenomenon that occurs


when waves encounter an obstacle or aperture. It
involves the bending of waves around corners or edges,
and its exploration in the context of light unveils
mesmerizing patterns and behaviors. When light passes
through a narrow slit, comparable in size to its
wavelength, it generates a distinct pattern of light and
dark regions on a screen placed behind the slit. This
phenomenon occurs due to the interaction of light
waves with the edges of the slit, resulting in interference
and the creation of what is known as a diffraction
pattern.

Characteristics of Single-Slit Diffraction


Patterns :-

A. Central Maximum: The primary feature of the


diffraction pattern is the central bright region. It
represents the widest and brightest part of the pattern,
signifying the most intense area of light.
B. Secondary Maxima and Minima: Surrounding the
central maximum are alternating bright and dark
regions, known as secondary maxima and minima.
These regions display varying levels of light intensity,
forming a series of concentric bright and dark fringes.

C. Width and Intensity: The central maximum is broader


compared to the secondary maxima, and the intensity
diminishes as one moves away from the center, resulting
in a series of fainter fringes that gradually fade into
darkness.

2. Formation of the Pattern

When light passes through a single slit, it diffracts,


spreading out as it emerges on the other side. This
diffraction results in the spreading of the light waves,
which then interfere with each other. Constructive
interference, where peaks and troughs align, produces
bright regions, while destructive interference, where
peaks and troughs oppose each other, creates dark
areas in the pattern.
3. Significance and Practical Applications

A. Understanding Wave Nature: Single-slit diffraction


patterns elucidate the wave-like behavior of light,
supporting the wave theory of light and reinforcing the
concept of superposition.

B. Particle Sizing: These patterns are pivotal in


determining particle sizes. In disciplines like X-ray
crystallography, the diffraction patterns produced by X-
rays passing through a crystal are crucial in determining
its structure and composition.

C. Technological Implications: Diffraction is


fundamental in the design and function of optical
instruments like spectrometers, telescopes, and
microscopes, enabling precise measurements and
analysis in various scientific disciplines.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. www.openai.com
2. Class 12th NCERT for Physics.
3. www.toppr.com
4. PHYSICS HANDBOOK by Arihant.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy