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    Practice 3 - Development of Fridge x15

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    The passage discusses the development of refrigeration and the icebox in the United States between the early 19th century and late 19th century. By the mid-19th century, the term "icebox" had entered the American language as ice was starting to be used commercially and domestically. While knowledge of physics and efficient insulation was still limited, inventors worked to improve icebox designs to better preserve ice for cooling. An early innovator was a Maryland farmer named Thomas Moore who found success transporting butter to market in an insulated icebox of his own design in 1803.

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    Practice 3 - Development of Fridge x15

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    Ngọc Lợi
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    The passage discusses the development of refrigeration and the icebox in the United States between the early 19th century and late 19th century. By the mid-19th century, the term "icebox" had entered the American language as ice was starting to be used commercially and domestically. While knowledge of physics and efficient insulation was still limited, inventors worked to improve icebox designs to better preserve ice for cooling. An early innovator was a Maryland farmer named Thomas Moore who found success transporting butter to market in an insulated icebox of his own design in 1803.

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    Practice 3 - Development of fridge x15

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    The passage discusses the development of refrigeration and the icebox in the United States between the early 19th century and late 19th century. By the mid-19th century, the term "icebox" had entered the American language as ice was starting to be used commercially and domestically. While knowledge of physics and efficient insulation was still limited, inventors worked to improve icebox designs to better preserve ice for cooling. An early innovator was a Maryland farmer named Thomas Moore who found success transporting butter to market in an insulated icebox of his own design in 1803.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    13 views3 pages

    Practice 3 - Development of Fridge x15

    Uploaded by

    Ngọc Lợi
    The passage discusses the development of refrigeration and the icebox in the United States between the early 19th century and late 19th century. By the mid-19th century, the term "icebox" had entered the American language as ice was starting to be used commercially and domestically. While knowledge of physics and efficient insulation was still limited, inventors worked to improve icebox designs to better preserve ice for cooling. An early innovator was a Maryland farmer named Thomas Moore who found success transporting butter to market in an insulated icebox of his own design in 1803.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

    Thi thử Reading – B1 B2 VSTEP

    By the mid-nineteenth century, the term "icebox" had entered the American language, but ice
    was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice trade
    grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by some
    forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War(1861-
    1865), as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even
    before 1880, half the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that
    sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible
    because a new household convenience, the icebox, a precursor of the modern refrigerator,
    had been invented.
    Making an efficient ice box was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the
    early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to
    a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary. The commonsense notion that the best icebox
    was one that prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of
    the ice that performed the cooling. Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included
    wrapping the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the
    nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicate balance of insulation and circulation
    needed for an efficient icebox.
    But as early as 1803, an ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the right
    track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the
    village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to
    transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff
    in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat,
    one-pound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no
    longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.

    Question 1: What does the passage mainly discuss?


    A. The influence of ice on the diet.
    B. The development of refrigeration.
    C. The transportation of goods to market.
    D. Sources of ice in the nineteenth century.
    Question 2: According to the passage, when did the word "icebox" become part of the
    language of the United States?
    A. In 1803.
    B. Sometime before 1850.
    C. During the Civil War.
    D. Near the end of the nineteenth century.
    Question 3: The phrase "forward-looking" in line 4 is closest in meaning to …
    A. Progressive.
    B. Popular.
    C. Thrifty.
    D. Well-established.

    Tiếng Anh B1 B2 VSTEP Đà Nẵng 2023 – 0906 535 797 1


    Thi thử Reading – B1 B2 VSTEP

    Question 4: The author mentions “fish” in paragraph 1 because …


    A. Many fish dealers also sold ice.
    B. Fish was shipped in refrigerated freight cars.
    C. Fish dealers were among the early commercial users of ice.
    D. Fish was not part of the ordinary person's diet before the invention of the icebox.
    Question 5: The word it in paragraph 1 refers to…
    A. Fresh meat.
    B. The Civil War.
    C. Ice.
    D. A refrigerator.
    Question 6: According to the passage, which of the following was an obstacle to the
    development of the icebox?
    A. Competition among the owners of refrigerated freight cars.
    B. The lack of a network for the distribution of ice.
    C. The use of insufficient insulation.
    D. Inadequate understanding of physics.
    Question 7: The word “rudimentary” in line 12 is closest in meaning to…
    A. Growing.
    B. Undeveloped.
    C. Necessary.
    D. Uninteresting.
    Question 8: According to the information in the second paragraph, an ideal icebox would…

    A. Completely prevent ice from melting.


    B. Stop air from circulating.
    C. Allow ice to melt slowly.
    D. Use blankets to conserve ice.
    Question 9: The author describes Thomas Moore as having been "on the right track" (the
    third paragraph) to indicate that
    A. The road to the market passed close to moore's farm.
    B. Moore was an honest merchant.
    C. Moore was a prosperous farmer.
    D. Moore's design was fairly successful.
    Question 10: According to the passage, Moore's icebox allowed him to
    A. Charge more for his butter.
    B. Travel to market at night.
    C. Manufacture butter more quickly.

    Tiếng Anh B1 B2 VSTEP Đà Nẵng 2023 – 0906 535 797 2


    Thi thử Reading – B1 B2 VSTEP

    D. Produce ice all year round.

    Tiếng Anh B1 B2 VSTEP Đà Nẵng 2023 – 0906 535 797 3

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