Lecture 1 (Examples)

Problem 1: Car in a rectilinear motion
𝑣 = 0.9𝑡 2 + 0.6𝑡 𝑚 Τ𝑠
Source: Hibbeler 2016 (Example 12.1)

Problem 2: Race car in a circular motion
Normal & Tangential components
Race car C travels round the horizontal circular track that has a radius of 90 m. If the
car increases its speed at a constant rate of 2.1 m/s2, starting from rest, determine the
time needed for it to reach an acceleration of 2.4 m/s2. What is its speed at this
instant?
Source: Hibbeler 2016 (12.15)

Problem 1
The 50-kg crate shown in the figure rests on a horizontal surface for which the
coefficient of kinetic friction is μk = 0.3. If the crate is subjected to a 400-N force
as shown, determine the velocity of the crate in 3 sec starting from rest.
Steps to follow:
1) Determine what forces act on the body.
2) Draw the Free-Body Diagram.
3) Use the equation of motion for the two
directions (horizontal and vertical) to estimate
the acceleration of the crate and kinematics to
Source: Hibbeler 2016, 13.1 determine velocity.
4) Will the crate depart from ground?
Problem 2
The 20-kg crate is subjected to a force having a constant direction and a

magnitude F=100 N. When s=15 m, the crate is moving to the right with a
speed of 8 m/sec. Determine its speed when s=25 m. The coefficient of kinetic
friction between the crate and the ground is μk=0.25.
Example 1
The 𝟏𝟕. 𝟓𝒌𝑵 automobile is traveling down the 𝟏𝟎° inclined road at a speed
of 𝟔 𝒎/𝒔 . If the driver applies the brakes, causing his wheels to lock,
determine how far s his tires skid on the road. The coefficient of the
kinetic friction between the wheels and the road is 𝝁𝒌 = 𝟎. 𝟓.
Source: Hibbeler 2016, Example 14.2

Example 1
Work (Free-Body Diagram). The normal force 𝑵𝐴 does no work since it never
undergoes displacement along its line of action. The weight 𝟏𝟕. 𝟓𝒌𝑵 , is
displaced 𝒔 ∙ 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟏𝟎° and does positive work. The frictional force 𝑭𝐴 does
negative work since it is in the opposite direction to displacement.
Example 1
Applying equation of equilibrium normal to the road,
+ ෍ 𝐹𝑛 = 0 ; 𝑁𝐴 − 17500𝑐𝑜𝑠10𝑜 = 0
𝑁𝐴 = 17234.1𝑁
𝐹𝐴 = 0.5𝑁𝐴 = 8617.1𝑁
𝑇1 + ෍ 𝑈1−2 = 𝑇2
1 17500𝑁 2
6 𝑚 Τ𝑠 + 17500 ∙ 𝑠 ∙ 𝑠𝑖𝑛10𝑜 − 8617.1 ∙ 𝑠 = 0
2 9.81 𝑚Τ𝑠 2
Solving for 𝑠 yields: 𝑠 = 5.75 𝑚

Example 2
The 𝟏𝟎𝒌𝒈 block shown in the figure rests on the smooth incline. If the spring is
originally stretched 0.5 𝑚, determine the total work done by all the forces acting
on the block when a horizontal force 𝑷 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝑵 pushes the block up the plane 𝒔 =
𝟐 𝒎.
Example 2
Free-body diagram
Work of horizontal force P

The work will be equal to the displacement times the component of force in the direction
displacement, i.e.
𝑈𝑝 = 400𝑁𝑐𝑜𝑠30𝑜 2𝑚 = 692.8𝐽
Spring force Fs
In the initial position the spring is stretched 𝑠1 = 0.5𝑚 and in the final position it is
stretched 𝑠2 = 0.5𝑚 + 2𝑚 = 2.5𝑚. We require the work to be negative since the force
and displacement are opposite to each other. The work of 𝐹𝑠 is thus:
2 2
𝑈𝑠 = − 0.5 ∙ 30 𝑁Τ𝑚 ∙ 2.5𝑚 − 0.5 ∙ 30 𝑁Τ𝑚 ∙ 0.5𝑚 = −90𝐽
Example 2
Free-body diagram
Work of weight W
Note that it is also possible to consider the component of weight in the direction of
displacement; i.e.,
𝑈𝑤 = − 98.1𝑁𝑠𝑖𝑛30𝑜 2𝑚 = −98.1𝐽
Normal force NB
Note that it is also possible to consider the component of weight in the direction of
displacement; i.e.,
Total work
𝑈𝑇 = 692.8𝐽 − 90𝐽 − 98.1𝐽 = 505𝐽
Problem
Work and Energy Problem 2 (F14.1 [1])
The spring is placed between the wall and the 10 − 𝑘𝑔 block. If the block is subjected to a
force of 𝐹 = 500 𝑁, determine its velocity when 𝑠 = 0.5 𝑚 . When 𝑠 = 0, the block is at rest
and the spring is uncompressed. The contact surface is smooth.
[1] Hibbeler R.C. (2016) ‘Engineering Mechanics – Dynamics’, Pearson, 4th Edition.
Example (Single Particle)
The 100-kg crate shown in the figure is originally at rest on the smooth horizontal
surface. If a towing force of 200 N, acting at an angle of 45°, is applied for 10 sec,
determine the final velocity and the normal force which the surface exerts on
the crate during this time interval.
Source: Hibbeler 2016, Example 15.1

Example (Single Particle)
This problem can be solved using the principle momentum since it involves force, velocity,
and time.
Free-Body Diagram.
The free body diagram is given in the provided figure.
Since all the forces acting are constant , the impulses are simply the product of the force
magnitude and 10sec 𝐼 = 𝐹𝑐 𝑡2 − 𝑡1 .
Work done by frictional forces due to sliding
𝑡2
𝑚𝑣𝑥,1 + ෍ න 𝐹𝑥 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑚𝑣𝑥,2
+ 𝑡1
0 + 200𝑁𝑐𝑜𝑠45𝑜 10𝑠 = 100𝑘𝑔 𝑣2 ⟹ 𝒗𝟐 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟏𝒎/𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝑡2
𝑚𝑣𝑦,1 + ෍ න 𝐹𝑦 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑚𝑣𝑦,2
+
𝑡1
0 + 𝑁𝑐 ∙ 10𝑠𝑒𝑐 − 981𝑁 ∙ 10𝑠𝑒𝑐 + 200𝑁𝑠𝑖𝑛45𝑜 ∙ 10𝑠𝑒𝑐 = 0

⟹ 𝑵𝒄 = 𝟖𝟒𝟎𝑵
Example
NOTE: Since no motion occurs in the y direction, direct application of the
equilibrium equation σ Fy = 0 gives the same result for 𝑁𝑐 . Try to solve the
problem by first applying σ Fx = m𝑎𝑥 , then 𝑣 = 𝑣0 + 𝑎𝑐 𝑡.
Problem
Impulse and Momentum (F15– 2 [1])
If the coefficient of kinetic friction between the 75 − 𝑘𝑔 crate and the ground is 𝜇𝑘 = 0.2,
determine the speed of the crate when 𝑡 = 4 𝑠. The crate starts from rest and is towed by the
500 − 𝑁 force.
[1] Hibbeler R.C. (2016) ‘Engineering Mechanics – Dynamics’, Pearson, 4th Edition.
Example (Central Impact)
Ball A has a mass of 3 kg and is moving with a velocity of 8 m/s when it makes a
direct collision with ball B, which has a mass of 2kg and is moving with a velocity of
4m/s. If e=0.7 determine the velocity of each ball just after the collision. Neglect the
size of the balls.
Source: Hibbeler 2016, Prob. 15-61

The momentum for the system of particles is conserved since during collision
the internal impulses of deformation and restitution cancel .
𝑚𝐴 𝑣𝐴,1 + 𝑚𝐵 𝑣𝐵,1 = 𝑚𝐴 𝑣𝐴,2 + 𝑚𝐵 𝑣𝐵,2

+
⟹ 3 ∙ 8 − 2 ∙ 4 = 3𝑣𝐴,2 + 2𝑣𝐵,2
⟹ 3 ∙ 𝑣𝐴,2 + 2 ∙ 𝑣𝐵,2 = 16 1st equation (2 unknowns)

Since the coefficient of restitution e is know we can get the second equation:
𝒗𝐵,2 −𝒗𝐴,2
𝑒= ⟹ 𝒗𝐵,2 − 𝒗𝐴,2 = 0.7 8 − −4 = 0.70 ∙ 12 = 8.4𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐
+ 𝒗𝐴,1 −𝒗𝑩,1
⟹ 𝒗𝐵,2 = 8.4 + 𝒗𝐴,2 2nd equation
3 ∙ 𝑣𝐴,2 + 2 ∙ 𝑣𝐵,2 = 16 ⟹ 3 ∙ 𝑣𝐴,2 + 2 ∙ 8.4 + 𝒗𝐴,2 = 16 ⟹ 5 ∙ 𝑣𝐴,2 = −0.8
⟹ 𝑣𝐴,2 = −0.16𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣𝐵,2 = 8.24𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐

Problem
The pile P has a mass of 800 𝑘𝑔 and is being driven into loose sand using the 300𝑘𝑔
hammer C which is dropped a distance of 0.5 𝑚 from the top of the pile.
Determine the distance the pile is driven into the sand after one blow if the sand offers
a frictional resistance against the pile of 18 𝑘𝑁. The coefficient of restitution between
the hammer and the pile is 𝑒 = 0.1. Neglect the impulses due to the weights of the
pile and hammer and the impulse due to the sand during the impact.

Lecture 1 (Examples)

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Lecture 1 (Examples)

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Problem 1: Car in a rectilinear motion

Source: Hibbeler 2016 (Example 12.1)

Source: Hibbeler 2016 (12.15)

The 20-kg crate is subjected to a force having a constant direction and a

Source: Hibbeler 2016, Example 14.2

Solving for 𝑠 yields: 𝑠 = 5.75 𝑚

Work of horizontal force P

Source: Hibbeler 2016, Example 15.1

0 + 200𝑁𝑐𝑜𝑠45𝑜 10𝑠 = 100𝑘𝑔 𝑣2 ⟹ 𝒗𝟐 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟏𝒎/𝒔𝒆𝒄

0 + 𝑁𝑐 ∙ 10𝑠𝑒𝑐 − 981𝑁 ∙ 10𝑠𝑒𝑐 + 200𝑁𝑠𝑖𝑛45𝑜 ∙ 10𝑠𝑒𝑐 = 0

Source: Hibbeler 2016, Prob. 15-61

𝑚𝐴 𝑣𝐴,1 + 𝑚𝐵 𝑣𝐵,1 = 𝑚𝐴 𝑣𝐴,2 + 𝑚𝐵 𝑣𝐵,2

⟹ 3 ∙ 𝑣𝐴,2 + 2 ∙ 𝑣𝐵,2 = 16 1st equation (2 unknowns)

⟹ 𝒗𝐵,2 = 8.4 + 𝒗𝐴,2 2nd equation

3 ∙ 𝑣𝐴,2 + 2 ∙ 𝑣𝐵,2 = 16 ⟹ 3 ∙ 𝑣𝐴,2 + 2 ∙ 8.4 + 𝒗𝐴,2 = 16 ⟹ 5 ∙ 𝑣𝐴,2 = −0.8

⟹ 𝑣𝐴,2 = −0.16𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣𝐵,2 = 8.24𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐

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