Dandi Boru College

Shambu Campus
Physics Remedial Course
Worksheet III
1. (a) A boy walks up a hill. His displacement from his starting point is (800, 150) m. How much
gravitational potential energy has he gained?
(b) The boy then walks to a village. The displacement from his starting point is (400,–50) m. How much
gravitational potential energy did he lose going from the top of the hill to the village?
(c) What was the boy’s net change in gravitational potential energy from his starting point to the village?
Solution: To calculate the gravitational potential energy gained or lost, we need to consider the change in
height (vertical displacement) and use the formula:
PE=mgh
(a) The boy walks up a hill. His displacement from his starting point is (800,150)(800,150) m. The change in
height (ℎh) is 150150 m. So, the gravitational potential energy gained is:
PEgain=mgh=m⋅9.8⋅150=_______J
(b) The boy walks to a village. His displacement from his starting point is (400,−50)(400,−50) m. The
change in height (ℎh) is −50−50 m (because he's descending). So, the gravitational potential energy lost is:
PE loss=mgh=m⋅9.8⋅(−50)
(c) The net change in gravitational potential energy from his starting point to the village is the sum of the
gained and lost potential energies:
Net PE=PEgain+PEloss

2. A spring has a spring constant of 75 N/m. It is stretched by 20 cm. How much energy is stored in the
spring?

Solution: The energy stored in a spring can be calculated using the formula for elastic potential
1 1 𝑁
energy: 𝐸 = 𝑘𝑥 2 = (75 ) ∗ ((0.2𝑚)2 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝑱
2 2 𝑚

3. A force of 40 N is used to stretch a spring which has a spring constant of 350 N/m. How much
energy is stored in the spring?

1
Solution: 𝐸 = 𝑘𝑥 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹 = 𝑘𝑥
2

𝐹 40𝑁
𝑥= = = 0.11𝑚
𝑘 350𝑁
𝑚
1 1
Therefore, 𝐸 = 𝑘𝑥 2 = (350𝑁) ∗ (0.11𝑚)2 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟑𝑱
2 2

4. A spring has a spring constant of 150 N/m and a mass is 100 g is attached to it. The spring sits on a
horizontal frictionless surface and the other end of the spring is attached to a solid block. The mass is
pulled by 10 cm to stretch the spring and then let go. What is the highest velocity of the mass?
Solution: To find the highest velocity of the mass, we can use the principle of conservation of
mechanical energy. When the mass is released, the initial potential energy stored in the spring will
convert into kinetic energy as the mass moves. The potential energy stored in the spring when it is
stretched by 10 cm can be calculated using the formula:
1 1
𝑃𝐸 = 𝑘𝑥 2 = (150N/m)*(0.1m)2=0.75J
2 2

Now, according to the law of conservation of energy, this potential energy will convert entirely into
kinetic energy when the spring is released. The formula for kinetic energy is:

1
𝐾𝐸 = 𝑚𝑣 2
2
 Since the potential energy is converted entirely into kinetic energy:

𝑃𝐸 = 𝐾𝐸

1 2 1
𝑘𝑥 = 𝑚𝑣 2
2 2

𝑘𝑥 2
𝑣= √ = √1.5𝑚2 /𝑠 2 =1.22m/s
𝑚

5. 𝑝𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙 𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑠 200 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑤𝑒𝑙𝑙 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 7 𝑚 𝑖𝑛 6 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠.

𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 2330 𝑊.

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏: To calculate the power of the engine, we can use the formula for power:

𝑾 (200kg) × (9.8m/s2) × (7m)

𝑷= = = 2286.67W
𝒕 6𝑠

6. A spring with a spring constant of 275 N/m is stretched 20 cm in 2 seconds. What is

the power applied to stretch the spring?

1 1 𝑁
The formula for the work done on the spring is: 𝑊 = 𝑘𝑥 2 = (275 ) ∗ (0.2)2 = 𝟓. 𝟓𝑱
2 2 𝑚

𝑾 𝟓. 𝟓𝑱
𝑷= = = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟓𝑾
𝒕 𝟐𝒔

7. A football of mass 550 g is at rest on the ground. The football is kicked with a force of 108 N. The
footballer’s boot is in contact with the ball for 0.3 m.
a. What is the kinetic energy of the ball?
b. What is the ball’s velocity at the moment it loses contact with the footballer’s boot?

Solution: a. Kinetic Energy of the Ball: We'll calculate the work done on the ball by the force applied and
then use the work-energy theorem to find the kinetic energy. Work done by the force is given by: W=F×d
where F is the force applied (108 N) and d is the displacement (0.3 m). Then, using the work-energy
theorem: W=ΔKE where ΔKE is the change in kinetic energy. Since the ball starts from rest, the initial
kinetic energy is 0.

1
So, ΔKE=W. Now, we can calculate the kinetic energy using the formula: KE= 𝑚𝑣 2 where m is the mass of
2
the ball and v is its final velocity.

b. Ball's Velocity at the Moment it Loses Contact with the Footballer's Boot: We'll use the work-energy
theorem again to find the final velocity of the ball. We already have the work done by the force, and we
know the initial kinetic energy is 0.

Let's calculate:

a. Kinetic Energy of the Ball: KE=108 N×0.3 m = 32.4 J W=F×d =108N×0.3m = 32.4J
So, ΔKE=32.4J.
1 1 (32.4𝐽)
Now, using ΔKE = 𝑚𝑣 2 , we can solve for 32.4J= *0.55 kg*v2, 𝑣 = √2 ∗ =10.85m/s
2 2 0.55𝑘𝑔
 1
b. Ball's Velocity at the Moment it Loses Contact with the Footballer's Boot: ΔKE=W= 𝑚𝑣𝑓 2 , Since
2
1
the initial kinetic energy is 0 and ΔKE=W: 𝑚𝑣𝑓 2 =32.4J
2
Now, we can solve for 𝑣𝑓=2×32.4*0.55, vf=0.552×32.4 ≈10.85 m/s vf≈ 10.85m/s
So, the kinetic energy of the ball is approximately 32.4 J 32.4J, and the ball's velocity at the moment it loses
contact with the footballer's boot is approximately 10.85 m/s 10.85m/s.

8. A car of mass 1200 kg accelerates from 5 m/s to 15 m/s. The force of the engine acting on the car is
6000 N. Over what distance did the force act?

To find the distance over which the force acted, we can use Newton's second law of motion, which states:
F=ma
 d=10m+20m=30m

So, the force acted over a distance of 30m

9. A ball of mass 500 g is kicked into the air at an angle of 450. It reaches a height of 12m. What was its
initial velocity?

Solution: To find the initial velocity of the ball, we can use the equations of motion for projectile motion.
When the ball reaches its maximum height, its vertical velocity becomes 0. At this point, the only velocity
component acting on the ball is the horizontal component.

Let's break down the motion into horizontal and vertical components:
Horizontal Motion:
• The horizontal velocity (vx) remains constant because there are no horizontal forces acting on the ball.
Vertical Motion:
• The vertical velocity (vy) changes due to gravity. At the maximum height,vy=0.
• We can use the kinematic equation for vertical motion to find the initial vertical velocity (voy).
The kinematic equation for vertical motion is:

Voy=15.33 m/s
 v0 ≈ 21.67m/s
So, the initial velocity of the ball was approximately 21..67m/s.

10. A pendulum bob has a mass of 1 kg. The length of the pendulum is 2 m. The bob is pulled to one side to
an angle of 100 from the vertical. a) What is the velocity of the pendulum bob as it swings through its lowest
point? b) What is the angular velocity of the pendulum bob?

Given:

• Mass of the pendulum bob,m=1kg

• Length of the pendulum, L=2m
• Initial angle from the vertical, θ0=10∘

First, let's calculate the gravitational potential energy (GPE) at the initial position (when the bob is pulled to
one side) using the formula:

GPE=mgh

h is the vertical height (which is the difference between the length of the pendulum and the vertical distance
from the lowest point to the initial position):

h=L−Lcos(θ0)

Now, let's calculate the GPE:

GPE=1×9.8×(2−2cos(10∘))=0.298J

Next, at the lowest point of the swing, all of the GPE has been converted to kinetic energy (KE). Therefore,
we can set the GPE equal to the KE and solve for the velocity (v).
 So, the velocity of the pendulum bob as it swings through its lowest point is approximately
0.772 m/s0.772m/s.

So, the angular velocity of the pendulum bob is 0.386 rad/s0.386rad/s.

11. What are Constant forces? Give their examples.

12. What are variable forces? Give their examples.

13. What are Conservative forces? Give their examples.

14. What are non-conservative(dissipative) forces? Give their examples.

15. Discuss the difference between work done by conservative and dissipative forces.