Exercises Chapter 3 and 4

Exercises Chapter 3 and 4
2nd Test A192 Session 2019/2020
QUESTION 1 (3 MARKS)
For each of the following, indicate whether the type of probability involved is an example of
classical, empirical or subjective probability:
a) The next toss of a fair coin will land on head.

Classical Probability
b) The world scientist will find a vaccine for the Covid-19.
Subjective Probability
c) Last week due to the Covid-19 endemic, only 70% of Mr. ERIZ’s students came to lecture
therefore he expect even less student come to lecture next week.
Empirical Probability
a) Given that and , determine .
b) A country club has a membership of 500 members and operates facilities that include a
swimming pool and a gymnasium. The club president would like to know how many
members regularly use the facilities. A survey of the members indicates that 70% regularly
use the swimming pool (S), 50% regularly use the gymnasium (G), and 5% use neither of
these facilities regularly. Calculate the probability of the club members who use the
facilities of the swimming pool and gymnasium P(S∩G).
c) In Mr. ERIZ’s class, the probability of student who likes Mathematics subject is 0.5 and
the probability who likes both Mathematics and Statistics subjects is 0.25.
i. If one student is chosen at random, what is the probability that this student likes
Statistics given that he/she also like Mathematics subject?
ii. If the probability of students who likes Statistics is 0.45, are the events ‘like
Mathematics subject’ and ‘like Statistics subject’ independent? Justify your answer.
Independent if P(M∩S) = P(M) x P(S)

P(M∩S) = 0.25
P(M) x P(S) = 0.5 x 0.45 = 0.225
Since P(M∩S) ≠ P(M) x P(S)

the events ‘likes Mathematics’ and ‘likes Statistics’ are NOT INDEPENDENT.
iii. Are the events ‘likes Mathematics’ and ‘likes Statistics’ mutually exclusive? Justify
your answer.
No, they are NOT mutually exclusive.

Because 𝑷(𝑴 ∩ 𝑺) ≠ 𝟎
a) In a company production line, the number of defective parts and their probabilities
produced in an hour are shown in TABLE 1. Let x be the number of defective parts in an
hour and K is P(X=K):
TABLE 1
X 0 1 2 3 4
P(X = x) 0.2 0.3 K 0.15 0.1
i. How many defective parts are expected to be produced in an hour in the company’s
production line?
0.2 + 0.3 + k + 0.15 + 0.1 = 1

k = 1 - 0.75 = 0.25
E(X) = (0) (0.2) + (1) (0.3) + (2) (0.25) + (3) (0.15) + (4) (0.1)
= 1.65 ≈ 2 products
ii. Compute the standard deviation of the defective parts produced in an hour by the
company’s production line.
Variance (X) = å x2 P(X = x) - (E(X))2

= (0)2 (0.2) + (1)2 (0.3) + (2)2 (0.25) + (3)2 (0.15) + (4)2 (0.1) - (1.65)2
= 4.25 - 2.7225 = 1.5275
Standard deviation = 1.2359
iii. Find the value of 𝑃(0 < 𝑋 ≤ 3).
P(0 < X ≤ 3) = P(X = 1) + P(X = 2) + P(X = 3) = 0.3 + 0.25 + 0.15

= 0.7
b) Penny will play 2 games of badminton against Monica. Penny’s chances of winning each
game is around 60 %. Let X denotes the number of Penny winning the game.
i. Construct a probability distribution and cumulative probability distribution table for
X.
P(X = 0) = (0.4)x(0.4) = 0.16,

P(X = 1) = (0.4)x(0.6) + (0.6)x(0.4) = 0.48,
P(X = 2) = (0.6)x(0.6) = 0.36,
x 0 1 2
P(X = x) 0.16 0.48 0.36
F(X) 0.16 0.64 1
ii. Graph the probability distribution of X.
a) The heights of an adult females are normally distributed with a mean of 150 cm and
standard deviation of 8 cm. Let X be the height of an adult females;
i. Find
(from Table)
ii. Find
Convert x to z
(from Table)
b) A telemarketer is a person who makes phone calls to prospective customers to promote

sales of company’s products or services. The probability of a telemarketer in AZA
Boutique Design in making a sale on a customer call is 0.2. Let X be the number of sale.
i. Find the probability that no sales are made in 5 calls.
ii. If the manager of the company wanted an average of 3 sales in a day, find the number
of calls that should be made by a telemarketer in order to achieve the target.
c) Patients arrived at hospital emergency department follows a Poisson distribution with a
mean of 4 patients per hour.
i. In any 90 minutes period of time, find the probability that exactly 10 patients arrived.
ii. Find the standard deviation of the number of patients arriving at the hospital.
2nd Test A202 Session 2020/2021
Is TABLE 1 shows a valid probability distribution? Give TWO (2) reasons for your answer.
TABLE 1
1 3 5 9
q 0.5 1.01 0.2 -0.3
Answer: No
Reason 1: P(X = 5) cannot be more than 1.

2: P(X = 9) cannot be a negative value.
A box contains three pieces of RM1 note, two pieces of RM5 note, five pieces of RM10 note and
one piece of RM20 note. Let X be a random variable of note value drawn at random from the box.
a) Construct a probability distribution for X.
X 1 5 10 20
P(X)
b) Calculate
i. 𝑃(1 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 10)
𝟑 𝟐 𝟓
P(X = 1) + P(X = 5)= 𝟏𝟏 + 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟏𝟏
ii. expected value of X.
iii. standard deviation of X.

A psychology class has 14 members. It is known that there is a 15% absentee rate per class meeting.
a) Find the probability that between THREE (3) and FIVE (5) students will absent.
b) Find the probability that half of the students will attend the class meeting.
c) What is the average number of students who will be absent if the absentee rate has decline
to 12%?
In a certain communication system, there is an average of one transmission error in a 10-second
of communication duration. Let the distribution of transmission errors follow the Poisson
distribution.
a) Calculate the standard deviation of the transmission error.
b) What is the probability that
i. at most FIVE (5) errors in a 10-second of communication duration.
ii. more than ONE (1) error in a half-minute communication duration.
According to a health association survey, women aged 18-24 years old have a systolic blood
pressure with a mean of 114.8 mmHg and a standard deviation of 13.2 mmHg. Assume that these
systolic blood pressures are normally distributed. Hypertension is commonly regarded as having
systolic blood pressure reading of above 140 mmHg. If a woman aged 18-24 years old is randomly
selected, find the probability that she is suffering from hypertension. From your finding, can you
conclude that she is suffering from hypertension?
a) In a study of reading speed involving 800 students in a certain primary school, the mean
reading speed is 90 words per minute (wpm) with a standard deviation of 10 words per
minute. Fifty students were taken as a sample.
i. Find and .
ii. What is the probability that mean of reading speed for the sample is more than 95
wpm?
b) According to a survey, 30% of adults do not own a credit card. In a random sample of 25 adults,
i. what is the distribution of the sample proportion?

ii. what is the probability that between 25% and 30% of them do not own a credit card?

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2nd Test A192 Session 2019/2020

a) The next toss of a fair coin will land on head.

QUESTION 2 (12 MARKS)

a) Given that and , determine .

Independent if P(M∩S) = P(M) x P(S)

Since P(M∩S) ≠ P(M) x P(S)

No, they are NOT mutually exclusive.

0.2 + 0.3 + k + 0.15 + 0.1 = 1

Variance (X) = å x2 P(X = x) - (E(X))2

Standard deviation = 1.2359

iii. Find the value of 𝑃(0 < 𝑋 ≤ 3).

P(0 < X ≤ 3) = P(X = 1) + P(X = 2) + P(X = 3) = 0.3 + 0.25 + 0.15

P(X = 0) = (0.4)x(0.4) = 0.16,

ii. Graph the probability distribution of X.

QUESTION 4 (17 MARKS)

b) A telemarketer is a person who makes phone calls to prospective customers to promote

2nd Test A202 Session 2020/2021

Reason 1: P(X = 5) cannot be more than 1.

ii. expected value of X.

iii. standard deviation of X.

QUESTION 6 (21 MARKS)

i. what is the distribution of the sample proportion?

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