CH 3

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Solar Cell

Asoor cel or phote voltoic all davica thot


Con verh light entrgy frorm sun to clectncal

Deplehó
layen

Prmaple -whn ight


of a suto ble wauatnyh
0s aleuwd to tall on
SolaralU an emt
Producsd blw t terminad, Thil emt uu called photovo tai'c
emt phnochon oh t Procu ho wcallo phoovaltic
elbet.
Constru cho P, Juvcho ods
N-augion ha (o.3 m) Hhiet nw(tin so Hi ligt unot
absovbed betor eohns
ugion ha (a00 Mm) thicdney the tenhe)
Si Jayn meHadie fngn d posted. This i callid tont
Cortut The bo tem ot p-N Juto coat d wt
bact con tot
Wor kmg -
When photon of hgdt of ene rÍy lhr) gr ean thon fg
tol on thu juncho ,ethe pan ginerat in
do pleko- layun Th e holes producJ mo vo
opposite divcho dua to ,luneha
,luncho tld k
tiedThu 6s mog
tbwan n-sicd af P-N Jrha col tod
mchad iguN ldront contoct) holes roring tow andy
t PN dumeha collo cle d by thi Copper meted
dun the
9iving to pholo wlta ge when et ovwad Jood
CenectJ Hot hougs lood R.
hroe ondihont
Asolav ll operatu
Circait Condilan -
1. OPen
c unt drawn
No
Voci
Con dahen craut is losed
Short Circut but
man
Cwnt is I,e R=o
opcn Cirait as

gat puwr
Wc den't n short cir
Cuoll condt e
lood stan ce voltage
man R ccont
power s
loscd,
3 c
Cireut is
Ir

Vm

graph
Tsc

Prm

Vm

Fll Solar cell


ImXm
Fll foetov= Isx Vs. Tse X Voe
Mall elct

perpendiculo to
aepled han
fald a condu oto Thu elebic
mogntic a cd. The
Whon dvelopneho felo
idd u le tic
e
procluata of
ealeetic mog
fed i
troversc perpercuto And hiu
pnomenen
Thus Hall hect.
Crse t
Calld
Calld holl fed.

Wall ebhect: yng


Curcht
Origin of cen du tor cau
oh
Considen a slab -dvhon Let
a

along ts tue - diucho


apphed aleng th
Jild
ognihe elecho o tho slo bs eperiene
Thu trec Theu foueo elec hen will
-Ve ddns chó applied magnehe
(ix) due
foru fowsds face
fuld .9t mahey
wutl cumuti - e chor
As a eelt
abc d -vC
e hal duthen Hall val logo
Pvo cued w hau
coehciet= Wall
VH
(tot)
VH
0 USinysing
hwd w V En Dut
W
VH
B
EH
(3
Rpori-g Com
Cwt}ne
Vd=
wt) A- neva =Cwt) I
Va
Ane I= by
slob gvch th cut elecbic The
given
-0 £H = Evy
-
to due
moguh ct
toct fore Magnihe
Ficl/ npsste
vallg
VH Hall or
Lener diode delsgd p-N
speally to wo vt
Zencr dioda a a
Cahbratd
Junchen dio do that Conhniouly
Ha JUVErSe bas
9n t
ing d
domogr
be heouily oped As o hemcy
en
Zan Cr cuoca
set up
dople Hen Jgien elechie eld
(<I0 Sm) The very high
hin jundhen
acroSS
the

od Zencr dod
chorateshd
V

21.0

Zencr

Voltoga

Reve
V-l choractersha ot P-N Junchon clo da
Whon a P ypc semicon ductor s jond wih
ha avon gem tnt formd
N-type semii Canductor, he
Knewn a P-N junchen duocd.
lypes of Biaing
Forward Choretershes
When P sido ot P-Njunchon conns cted
wih positiue si de ond Nsid ch AN unchon
is Cennetid cuith negatul sida thon to bialing
il callod torwerd biasing
Ve

No condu on (Less)

Cuunt will Hsw


Reverse Choroetehes
Whon sida
P o P- N Jumchion
p- a Con
wih nego Hue sid N Sida ot p-N junchen
and N
cennet d wit posihe sie thoh the biulng
Called Reverse bjaing

Knee voltage- t u that torword


furwand bial bial voltogt be yend
which t c n t start

Reverse brakdswn - 9t that


Ks
valtage
Rcvesc
m0del model for
KYonigg Perny a smpluck
oumen|hal perioho
Krenig Penny madal
e lecÑon in a
potenhal
Impes hat
po tenfal unitorm
mdd in metal)
free electe
IThe
Inide the sol,d
voriahon of
Potental
in Cruatal loos
(one-men ho

Jupresented a
be
Groph Can

Schvoingess Lquohon
to sole
not eary Perny )
So lKrong amd cystal
potenhai potonkal ho
wi th He theu icle
oppr6nmabd
tangulor stert.
nacPstentil
to he shape of Borriev

V
H

-b
V=0
V= Vo
for
oners) d electon con be cal calal d
Hen, he
ha onergul e
schvodmgen's tmi Indopekdnt was egn
by
Oy wny
+
E- Ve)) =0
Here Calulate for boh ugond
For I

dn
2m
[EY
For II
mE-Vo)
Lm =o
dy

Let say =2mE and B'al-E


Henca cq and beconl

dn?
2
B
dn'
to Bloch
ht w Acor ding

New ditheren hat cg wrt tui ce


Jr
du ikeikn
du
da dh

Put
du
du

Divida by
d'u + duku + dn
du +
dn

dn 3

Put eg uk'e:kike km_ou oßeikn u -o


elkn d'y du .koikn

eihm
by ek
Dr vi
du k'u +du -Bu
d dn

dn
dn
New goneral
(R - ik) +

Soluy
Co Ka
ca
a

m Vo ba
wher P=

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