8 Human Health and Diseases PPT - (13 Feb 2022) (Repaired)
8 Human Health and Diseases PPT - (13 Feb 2022) (Repaired)
8 Human Health and Diseases PPT - (13 Feb 2022) (Repaired)
Infectious: Non-infectious:
Transmits from one person to Do not transmit from one person to
another. another.
BACTERIAL
DISEASES Widal test is used for confirmation of the disease.
A. Typhoid
B. Pneumonia
COMMON INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN MAN
BACTERIAL
Respiratory problems, fever, chills, cough,
DISEASES headache. In severe cases, lips and nails of the
Symptoms
finger turn grey to bluish colour.
Reason- due to lack of Oxygen (HYPOXIA).
B. Pneumonia
COMMON INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN MAN
• It infects nose & respiratory passage but not lungs.
VIRAL • It lasts for 3-7 days.
DISEASES
COMMON
COLD
COMMON INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN MAN
Pathogen Rhinoviruses
VIRAL
DISEASES Inhaling droplets resulting from cough or sneezes.
Mode of
Through contaminated objects (pens, books, cups,
transmission
doorknobs, computer accessories) etc.
Plasmodium.flaciparum-
most dangerous
Plasmodium.ovale-NORTH
EASTERN STATE
Life cycle of Plasmodium
Digenetic Life Cycle- 2 Host
Human-Primary Host ❖ Plasmodium enters the human
body as small sporozoites through
Mosquito- Secondary Host the bite of infected female
Anopheles mosquito and multiplies
within the Liver cells.
❖ Later attacks the RBCs resulting
the rapture with release of toxic
substance, Haemozoin which is
responsible for high fever and chill
recurring every three to four days.
COMMON INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN MAN
Entamoeba.histolytica -
(2 shapes)
MINUTA (harmless)
MAGNA (harmful)
COMMON INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN MAN
Endoparasite of
Lymphatic system
COMMON INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN MAN
3.TAENIASIS
Digenetic Life Cycle- 2 Host
Human - Primary Host
Pig - Secondary Host
COMMON INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN MAN
FUNGAL Mode of
Infected Towel,Cloth and Comb
DISEASE transmission
1.RINGWORM
ATHLETE’S FOOT DISEASE
Important Points-
➔ The disease which is completely eradicated from the world - Small pox
➔ DPT- Diphtheria
Pertussis
Tetanus
➔ BCG - Bacillus
Calmette Tuberculosis
Guerin
IMMUNITY
The overall ability of the host to fight the disease
causing organism by immune system is called
immunity.
—
Innate (non-specific)
immunity:
Called
★ — inborn immunity.
★ Always available to protect our body.
—
★ This is called the first line of
—
defense.
★ Consists of various barriers that
—
prevent entry of foreign agents into
the
body.
If enters
★ — they are quickly killed by
some other components of
this system.
Acquired (specific) immunity:
Memory: after responding to the foreign microbes and elimination, this immune
system retains the memory of that encounter (primary immune response). The
second encounter with the same microbe evokes a heightened immune response.
(Secondary immune response)
Acquired
★ — immunity is carried out by two special types of lymphocytes:
B-lymphocytes.
—
T-lymphocytes.
—
—
★ The B-lymphocytes produce a group of proteins in response to pathogen
into the blood to fight with them called antibody.
Diagnosis:
ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay)
PCR
WESTERN BLOTTING (Confirmatory checkup)
—
1 December
—
★ —
Cancerous cell lost the property of contact
inhibition.
★ —
Cancerous cell just continue to divide giving
rise to masses of cell called tumors.
—
—
Benign tumors: Malignant tumors:
—
Normally
★ — remain confined to their
★ Mass of proliferating cells called neoplastic
original location.
or tumor cells.
★—
Do not spread to other location.
★ These cells grow very rapidly.
★—
Cause little damage.
★ Invade and damage surrounding tissues.
—
★ —urgery.
S
★ —adiation therapy.
R
★ Immunotherapy.
—
★ —hemotherapy.
C
★ Cryosurgery.
—
★ Laser therapy.
—
★ α-interferon a response
—
modifier used to detect the
cancer.
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