HW 3B 17 Jan

Name of the Student:
Grade: 8B Subject: Biology Date given: 17-Jan-2024

Topic: Genes Date of submission: 22-Jan-2024
Laptop required: No Time for laptop usage: NA
Criteria Practiced: A ATL skill in Focus: Research – Information
literacy, creativity
Task instructions:
Complete the worksheet and submit in class.
Colour the DNA model according to instructions in the passage.
Below is the picture of a DNA molecule. Read the passage below and then answer the questions
and colour the DNA model:
The diagram attached shows the structure of DNA. DNA is in the shape of a double helix, or twisted
ladder. The double helix structure of DNA was proposed by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953
and is widely accepted today as correct. The upper end of the drawing shows DNA in a simplified
form. This part of the drawing uses simple shapes to represent each part of the DNA molecule. The
lower portion of the drawing is much more complex. It shows the structural formula of each part of
the DNA molecule, with all of the individual atoms and their bonds included.
DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. It is composed of smaller units (monomers) called nucleotides.
Each nucleotide contains a sugar called deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and one of four different
nitrogenous bases. Nitrogenous bases are molecules that contain nitrogen and have the properties of a
base. The 4 different nitrogenous bases found in DNA are: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and
cytosine (C). Adenine and guanine are larger bases, known as purines, while thymine and cytosine are
smaller and are known as pyrimidines.
DNA consists of two strands of nucleotides that are lined up next to each other in a very specific way.
The overall structure of the DNA molecule is often compared to that of a ladder that has been twisted.
The sides of the ladder, often called the “backbone”, are made up of the sugar deoxyribose and
phosphate groups. The deoxyribose sugars and phosphate groups alternate all the way down the sides
of the ladder. On the drawing attached, color the deoxyribose sugars brown and the phosphates
orange. Start ONLY with the simplified end of the drawing. You will move onto the more complicated
end of the drawing later. The “rungs” of the ladder, or the horizontal lines that connect the sides of the
ladder, are made up of pairs of bases – a base on one side of the ladder matches up with a base on the
other side of the ladder. The bases pair up according to specific base pairing rules - adenine always
matches with thymine and guanine always matches with cytosine (A to T and G to C).
Task: Color the DNA picture on the las page of the worksheet according to below instructions:
On the simplified end of the drawing only, colour adenine red, thymine blue, guanine green, and
cytosine yellow. Base pairs are held together by weak bonds called hydrogen bonds. Colour the
hydrogen bonds black. Again, colour the simplified end of the drawing first.
The structural formula (the bottom, more complicated, portion of the diagram) shows the exact
arrangement of the atoms in each part of the DNA molecule. Each nucleotide contains a deoxyribose
sugar, a phosphate, and one of the four bases that are all made up of specific arrangements of atoms.
Use the same colors as stated above to color this portion of the drawing. Each part of the DNA
molecule is outlined with a solid black line, and the atoms that make up that part are shown as letters
inside the black outlines. The hydrogen bonds are represented as small circles between the bases. In
1958, Watson, Crick and another scientist named Maurice Wilkins, received the Nobel Prize in
physiology and medicine for discovering the structure that you see in this diagram. It was an
extremely important step for science because Watson and Crick not only helped to discover the
structure of DNA, but they also realized that this structure lends itself well to self-replication so that
the cell can easily make exact copies of its own DNA.
On the basis of the passage above and the classwork worksheet, answer the following
questions:
1. What does DNA stand for?_________________________________________
2. Where in a cell is DNA found?_______________________
3. What is the difference between chromatin and chromosomes?
4. How many PAIRS of chromosomes does a human have in their skin cells?________
5. A segment of DNA that codes for a protein is called a ____________________.
7. What 4 bases make up DNA molecules?__________________________
8. Describe the shape of a DNA molecule.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...............
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. What type of bond holds together the nitrogen bases? __________________

a. How many hydrogen bonds are found between A-T? _______ C-G? ________
10. What are the base pairing rules? In other words, which bases always match up with which?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. Which three scientists received the Nobel Prize for discovering the structure of DNA?
……………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
Application (extended):
12. Write the complementary strand to this DNA molecule on the line.
GATCCATGAGTTAC
_______________________________
13. What might happen if the order of the base pairs were changed in DNA? ____________________________

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Name of the Student:

Grade: 8B Subject: Biology Date given: 17-Jan-2024

9. What type of bond holds together the nitrogen bases? __________________

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