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Structural Analysis and Design of Multistorey Reinforced Concrete Building

using STAAD. Pro

Technical Report · August 2021

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.20450.86722

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 REPORT

ON

STRUCTURE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF

MULTISTOREY HOSPITAL BUILDING
SUSHANT GUPTA

Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering

Page i of 47
 Table of Content

Content Page no.

Abstract ...........................................................................................................1

Chapter 1 ......................................................................................................2

1.1 Introduction...............................................................................................2

1.2 Features of STAAD Pro............................................................................3

Chapter 2 ......................................................................................................4

2.1 Introduction to Structure. .......................................................................4

2.2 Basic Detail of the structures ..................................................................4

2.3 Codes Used.................................................................................................5

Chapter 3 ......................................................................................................6

Modelling of Structure....................................................................................6

3.1Modelling....................................................................................................6

3.2 Assigning Supports..................................................................................7

3.3 Assigning Properties to Structure..........................................................8

Chapter 4 ......................................................................................................9

4.1 Seismic Loading.......................................................................................9

4.2 Dead Load………………………………………………………………11

Page ii of 47
 4.2.1 Self-weight .....................................................................................11
4.2.2 Wall Load........... ...........................................................................12
4.2.3 Load on Slab.................................................................................14

4.3 Live Load ..............................................................................................15

4.4 Load Combinations.................................................................................16

Chapter 5.......................................................................................18

STAAD Editor File.......................................................................................18

Chapter 6.....................................................................................................28

Analysis and Post Processing………….......................................................28

Chapter 7.....................................................................................................31

Design of Structure

7.1 Beam Design............................................................................................31

7.2 Design Of Columns.................................................................................32

Chapter 8.....................................................................................................34

Design of Stair Case......................................................................................34

Chapter 9........................................................................................38

Design of Foundation Using STAAD Pro

Conclusion………………………………………………………..42

Reference
Page iii of 47
 ABSTRACT

Structural design is the primary aspect of the civil engineering. The foremost basic in
structural engineering is the design of simple basic components and members of a building
viz., Slabs, Beams, Columns and Footings. The principle objective of this project is to
analyze and design a multi-storied reinforced concrete building [G + 3 (3-dimensional
frame)] using STAAD Pro. The design involves manual load calculations, analysis and
design of the whole structure using STAAD Pro. The design methods used in STAAD-Pro
analysis are Limit State Design conforming to Indian Standard Code of Practice. Structure
considered for analysis and design is 14.90 m high hospital building located in the seismic
zone IV. In this project, we study the effect of various load combinations on the structure
by analyzing the bending moment diagrams in post processing mode. The project involves
detailed drawings of column layout, foundation drawings, slab drawings, column detailing
and beam detailing.

Page 1 of 47
CHAPTER 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION:
Careful analysis and design of any structure plays an important role in its serviceability
and strength. It involves lot of manual calculations to determine the bending moment,
shear force, reactions, torsion etc. Structural design is the methodology to investigate the
stability, strength and rigidity of the structures. The main objective of the structural
analysis and design is to produce a stable structure which is capable of resisting all applied
loads without failure during its design life. If the structure is not designed or fabricated as
per the provisions, it might be possible that the actual applied loads may exceed the design
load, and the structure will probably fail to perform its intended function, with possible
serious consequences.

With the development in science, during last few decades there has been a growing
emphasis on using computer aided softwares and tools to analyze the structures. Most of
these computer aided softwares are based on FEA (Finite Element Analysis). With its
capability to solve the complex problems using matrix method along with accurate results,
researchers start taking keen interest in it and published many research articles (Al-Sabah
& Falter, 2015; Baskaran & Morley, 2007; Genikomsou & Polak, 2015; Gohnert, 2000;
Gupta, 2021; Gupta & Naval, 2020; Gupta & Singh, 2019, 2020, 2021; Hognestad, 1953;
Kwan, 2004; Park, 1964; Ramsay & Johnson, 1998; Salam Al-Sabah & Falter, 2013;
Sharma et al., 2019; A. Singh & Gupta, 2019; H. Singh et al., 2011) STAAD Pro is also
based on FEA and was firstly developed by Research Engineers International at Yorba
Linda, CA in year 1997. In late 2005, Research Engineers International was bought
by Bentley Systems.

STAAD. Pro is one of the most widely used structural analysis and design software. It
supports several steel, concrete and timber design codes (ACI 318-14, 2014; ASTM
D3039, 2017; BIS: IS 13920, 2016; BIS: IS 1893 Part 1, 2002; BIS: IS 456, 2000; BIS: IS
875 Part 2, 1983; BS EN 1992-1-1, 2008). We can analyze and design reinforced concrete
buildings, steel structures, water tanks, bridges etc. We can also perform static analysis and
dynamic analysis from modal extraction to time history and response spectrum analysis.
From model generation, analysis and design to visualization and result verification,
STAAD Pro. is the professional’s choice for steel, concrete, timber, aluminium and cold-

Page 2 of 47
formed steel design of low and high-rise buildings, culverts, petrochemical plants, tunnels,
bridges, piles and much more.

1.2 FEATURES OF STAAD PRO

1. Import/Export of Auto Cad 2D/3D files to start model

2. Model Development (Graphical as well as Input Editor)

3. Model Visualization on screen

4. GUI based Modelling

5. Isometric and Perspective view and 3D shapes

6. Analysis and design tool

7. Advanced automatic load generation facilities

8. Results as per Indian standards, American Standards, Canadian Standards and other
Standards

9. Report Generation

Page 3 of 47
CHAPTER 2

2.1 INTRODUCTION TO STRUCTURE

Project work involves analysis and design of the reinforced concrete framed structure of
multi-storied [G + 3] hospital building located in seismic zone IV using analysis and
design software STAAD Pro as per Indian standard codes of practice (BIS: IS 456, 2000).

The total area of the building is 244.78 sqm where length of the building is 12.77m and
width of the building is 19.168m.
SCOPE OF WORK

Following points will be covered in project work

1. Modelling of the building in the STAAD. Pro.

2. Analysis of various structural components of the modal building.
3. Design the various elements of the building.
4. Plan the various components of the building viz. column positioning, size of
footings.
5. Detailing of different components
2.2 BASIC DETAIL OF THE STRUCTURE: -
It is a hospital building located in seismic zone IV. Geometry of the structure is given in
Table 2.1. Grade of concrete used is M30, Grade for Main steel is FE 500 and Grade of
Secondary steel is FE415.

Table 2.1 Description of geometry

Number of storeys G+3

Height of Ground floor 3.95m
Height of each floor except ground floor 3.65m
Height of the building 14.9 m

Page 4 of 47
2.3 CODES USED: -
Different codes used to determine the dead loads and live loads, to analyze and design the
structure are given in Table 2.2.

Table 2.2 Codes used

Code Title
(BIS: IS 456, 2000) Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete

(BIS: IS 875 Part 1, Code of practice for design loads for buildings and structures-
1987)
part-1- dead load
(BIS: IS 875 Part 2, Code of practice for design loads for buildings and structures-
1983)
part-2-imposed loads
(BIS: IS 13920, 2016) Code of practice for ductile detailing
(BIS: IS 1893 Part 1, Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures, part 1:
2002)
general provisions and buildings

Page 5 of 47
CHAPTER 3
MODELLING OF STRUCTURE:

Modelling of 3-D frame is shown in figures step by step. It includes:

1) Modelling of frame
2) Assigning supports
3) Assigning properties to the structure
4) Load and Definition

3.1 MODELLING
Input Generation

The GUI (or user) communicates with the STAAD analysis engine through the STD input
file. That input file is a text file consisting of a series of commands which are executed
sequentially. The commands contain either instructions or data pertaining to analysis
and/or design. The STAAD input file can be created through a text editor or the GUI
Modelling facility. In general, any text editor may be utilized to edit/create the STD input
file. The GUI Modelling facility creates the input file through an interactive menu-driven
graphics-oriented procedure. First of all we make grid using grid generator to make plan as
shown in Figure 3.1.

Figure 3.1 Grid

Page 6 of 47
And then with the help of add beam, we will join the beams as shown in Figure 3.2

Figure 3.2 Plan of a building using irregular grid

3.2 ASSIGNING SUPPORTS

Supports are assigned at the base of the columns of the frame. Generally, fixed supports
are assigned so that columns will be fixed in its position. A fixed support has restraints
against all directions of movement. In “General” there is option of support. Click on
support and then click on create to give support by clicking all nodes of the frame and
assign to selected nodes as shown in Figure 3.3.

Figure 3.3 Generation of structure with supports

Page 7 of 47
3.3 ASSIGNING PROPERTIES TO STRUCTURE

Size of columns and beams depends on the span and loading. Generally, depth of the beam
varies between span/10 to span/12. Similarly, width of the beam should be less than width
of the column to avoid overhang in beam. Width to depth ratio of beam and columns are
given in (BIS: IS 13920, 2016). The depth of the beam should be sufficient to counteract
the bending moment occurs due to loading. If section get fail the properties can be
changed. The section properties are shown in Figure 3.4.

Beam Size = 450mm x 350mm

Column Size = 550mm x 500mm

Figure 3.4 Property to Beams and Columns

Page 8 of 47
CHAPTER 4

LOAD CALCULATIONS ON STRUCTURE :

Various types of loading in STAAD PRO is explained below :

SEISMIC LOADING
DEAD LOAD
LIVE LOAD

4.1. SEISMIC LOADING:

To apply the seismic loading on the structure, there are two steps. First you have to define
the seismic load and then you have to assign the load to the structure. For definition,
different parameters are required viz. Zone factor, Importance Factor, Type of structure,
type of soil, depth of footing, damping ratio, response reduction factor etc. These
parameters are shown in Figure 4.1 and Table 4.1 and are procured from code (BIS: IS
1893 Part 1, 2002).
Table 4.1 Values of Zone factor (BIS: IS 1893 Part 1, 2002)

Seismic zone II III IV V

Seismic Intensity Low Moderate severe Very severe
Z 0.10 0.16 0.24 0.36

Figure 4.1 Defining Seismic Loading

Page 9 of 47
After definition of seismic loading, next task is to assign the seismic load on the structure
as shown in Figure 4.2 and 4.3 in x-direction and z-direction respectively. For that firstly,
we have to apply dead load and live load. After application of dead load and live we have
to copy them in STAAD editor in the form of member weight and floor weight under
seismic load definition (see chapter Editor File).

Figure 4.2 Seismic Forces in X - Direction

Figure 4.3 Seismic Forces in Z – Direction

Page 10 of 47
4.2 DEAD LOAD:

Generally following types of dead laods can be applied on structure

Self-Weight
Wall Load
Load on slab

4.2.1 SELF WEIGHT

Self-weight refers to the self-weight of any entity, such as a member (beams, slabs,
columns etc.) as shown in Figure 4.4 and Figure 4.5. When the self-weight command is
used as a Load Item, it is an instruction to STAAD. Pro to automatically consider the self-
weight of the listed members properties.

Figure 4.4 Assigning Self-weight

Page 11 of 47
 Figure 4.5 Self-weight on Structure

4.2.2 WALL LOAD

To determine the load of the wall, thickness of wall, height of wall and density of wall
should be known. The density of the wall can be obtained from (BIS: IS 875 Part 1, 1987).
Wall load in KN/m = Thickness x Height x Density. Analytical calculations are shown in
Table 4.2. This load will be applied in form of member load on the beams on which walls
are resting as shown in Figure 4.6 and Figure 4.7.
Table 4.2 Wall Load

MAIN WALL OF GROUND FLOOR (.228 x 3.95 x 20) 18.012 KN/m

PARTITION WALL OF GROUND FLOOR = (.114 x 9.06 KN/m
3.95 x 20)
MAIN WALL OF FLOORS (EXCEPT GROUND 16.644 KN/m
FLOOR) (.228 x 3.65 x 20)

PARTITION WALL OF FLOORS (EXCEPT GROUND 8.322 KN/m

FLOOR) (.114 x 3.65 x 20)

Page 12 of 47
Figure 4.6 Assigning Wall load as member load

Figure 4.7 Wall Load Distribution on Floor

Page 13 of 47
4.2.3 LOAD ON SLAB

The dead load of the slab will only be calculated on the basis of analytical calculations as
shown in Table 4.3 and Table 4.4. To determine the self-weight of the slab, the density of
the reinforced concrete has been taken as 25 KN/m3 (BIS: IS 875 Part 1, 1987). The dead
load of the slab mainly depends on the thickness of the slab. To determine its thickness,
slabs should be designed as per design code (BIS: IS 456, 2000) to meet serviceability and
strength criteria. It means that slabs should be firstly designed analytically then after their
load will applied in STAAD. The floor load was not applied at plinth level because at
plinth level, the floor load will transfer to the soil and will not transfer to the footings.
From Yield line theory, it has been observed that two-way reinforced slab follows
trapezoidal distribution of area loading as shown in Figure 4.8.
Table 4.3 Load of Floor Slab

Thickness of slab 150 mm

Dead load of slab (=0.150 X 25) 3.75 kN/m2
Floor Finish 1.5 kN/m2
TOTAL LOAD 6.25 kN/m2
Load of sunk slab in toilets 5 kN/m 2

Table 4.4 Load on Terrace Slab

Thickness of slab 125 mm

Dead load of slab (= 0.125 X 25) 3.125kN/m 2
80 mm Pressed Brick (=0.8X17.5) 1.4 kN/m2
+ 120mm filling (= .120 x 20) 2.4 kN/m2
TOTAL LOAD 6.925 kN/m2

Page 14 of 47
 Figure 4.8 Slab Load on First Floor (by Trapezoidal Method)

4.3 LIVE LOAD:

Live load was applied to structure as per Indian standard code (BIS: IS 875 Part 2, 1983)
in KN/m2 in the form uniform distributed load which also follows trapezoidal distribution.
Table 4.5 present the different values of live load depending on type of accommodation.
Live load was applied in the form of floor load which also follows trapezoidal distribution
as shown in Figure 4.9.
Table 4.5 Live Load as per (BIS: IS 875 Part 2, 1983)
Accommodation Type Value
Load of Bath Rooms and toilet (on all floors) 2 kN/ m 2
X- Ray & Lab (only on ground floor) 3 kN/ m2
O.P.D (only at ground floor) 2.5 kN/ m2
Operation Theatre (only at third floor) 3 kN/ m2
Private Room (all floors except ground floor) 2 kN/ m2
Live Load on Stair Case (on all floors) 4 kN/ m2
Passages (on all floors) 4 kN/ m2
Emergency 3 kN/ m2
General Ward 3 kN/ m2
ICU 3 kN/ m2

Page 15 of 47
 Figure 4.9 Live Load Distribution by Trapezoidal Method

4.4 LOAD COMBINATIONS:

Seismic design code (BIS: IS 1893 Part 1, 2002) presented the different load combinations
incorporating earthquake forces, dead load and live load. The combination which gives
maximum bending moment, shear force will be used to determine the area of the steel in
the beams and columns. However, while designing the footings, live load will be reduced
by 30 percent.

In limit state design of RCC and Prestressed concrete structures the following load
combinations shall be used:
1) 1.5 (D L + I L)
2) 1.2(D L + I L +- E L)
3) 1.5 (D L +- E L)
4) 0.9 D L +- 1.5 E L

Positive and negative sign indicates the seismic force (EQ) acting in X and Z direction.

Page 16 of 47
Figure 4.10 Different load combinations

Page 17 of 47
CHAPTER 5

STAAD EDITOR FILE

MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN

68 TO 106 134 TO 172 200 TO 238 266 TO 304 332 TO 370 373 376 379 -

382 PRIS YD 0.45 ZD 0.35

41 TO 44 46 TO 66 107 TO 110 112 TO 132 173 TO 176 178 TO 198 239 TO 242 244 -
245 TO 264 305 TO 308 310 TO 330 371 372 374 375 377 378 380 381 383 TO 606 -607
PRIS YD 0.55 ZD 0.5

CONSTANTS

MATERIAL CONCRETE ALL

UNIT FEET KN

SUPPORTS

1 TO 4 6 TO 26 FIXED

UNIT METER KN

*****************EARTHQUAKE DEFINITION*********************

DEFINE 1893 LOAD

ZONE 0.24 RF 5 I 1 SS 3 ST 1 DT 2

*********************EARTHQUAKE LOADS***********************

SELFWEIGHT 1

MEMBER WEIGHT

134 TO 137 144 TO 147 154 156 TO 162 169 200 TO 203 210 TO 213 220 -

222 TO 228 235 266 TO 269 276 TO 279 286 288 TO 294 301 376 379 -

382 UNI 16.644

Page 18 of 47
138 TO 143 148 TO 153 155 163 TO 168 170 TO 172 204 TO 209 214 TO 219 221 -

229 TO 234 236 TO 238 270 TO 275 280 TO 285 287 295 TO 300 302 TO 303 -

304 UNI 8.322

69 76 135 142 201 208 267 274 333 340 373 376 379 382 UNI 17

68 TO 71 78 TO 81 88 90 TO 96 103 373 UNI 18.012

72 TO 77 82 TO 87 89 97 TO 102 104 TO 106 UNI 9.06

**************************FLOOR WEIGHT***************************

YRANGE 5.95 5.95 FLOAD 11.25 XRANGE 43.82 49.08 ZRANGE -42.193 -37.93 GY

YRANGE 5.95 5.95 FLOAD 6.25 XRANGE 43.822 49.08 ZRANGE -37.93 -23.026 GY

YRANGE 5.95 5.95 FLOAD 6.25 XRANGE 49.08 56.57 ZRANGE -41.883 -30.919 GY

YRANGE 5.95 5.95 FLOAD 6.25 XRANGE 49.08 56.566 ZRANGE -30.919 -26.919 GY

YRANGE 5.95 5.95 FLOAD 6.25 XRANGE 49.08 52.071 ZRANGE -26.919 -23.026 GY

YRANGE 5.95 5.95 FLOAD 5 XRANGE 54.985 56.568 ZRANGE -38.425 -30.919 GY

YRANGE 9.6 9.6 FLOAD 11.25 XRANGE 43.822 49.08 ZRANGE -42.193 -37.93 GY

YRANGE 9.6 9.6 FLOAD 6.25 XRANGE 43.822 49.08 ZRANGE -37.93 -23.026 GY

YRANGE 9.6 9.6 FLOAD 6.25 XRANGE 49.08 56.57 ZRANGE -41.883 -30.919 GY

YRANGE 9.6 9.6 FLOAD 6.25 XRANGE 49.08 56.566 ZRANGE -30.919 -26.919 GY

YRANGE 9.6 9.6 FLOAD 6.25 XRANGE 49.08 52.071 ZRANGE -26.919 -23.026 GY

YRANGE 9.6 9.6 FLOAD 5 XRANGE 54.985 56.568 ZRANGE -38.425 -30.919 GY

YRANGE 13.25 13.25 FLOAD 11.25 XRANGE 43.822 49.08 ZRANGE -42.19 -37.93

GY

YRANGE 13.25 13.25 FLOAD 6.25 XRANGE 43.822 49.08 ZRANGE -37.93 -23.03GY

YRANGE 13.25 13.25 FLOAD 6.25 XRANGE 49.08 56.57 ZRANGE -41.88 -30.919 GY

Page 19 of 47
YRANGE 13.25 13.25 FLOAD 6.25 XRANGE 49.08 56.566 ZRANGE -30.919 -26.919
GY

YRANGE 13.25 13.25 FLOAD 6.25 XRANGE 49.08 52.071 ZRANGE -26.919 -23.026
GY

YRANGE 13.25 13.25 FLOAD 5 XRANGE 54.985 56.568 ZRANGE -38.425 -30.919
GY

YRANGE 16.9 16.9 FLOAD 6.925 XRANGE 43.822 49.08 ZRANGE -42.193 -23.026
GY

YRANGE 16.9 16.9 FLOAD 6.925 XRANGE 49.08 56.57 ZRANGE -41.883 -26.919 GY

YRANGE 16.9 16.9 FLOAD 6.925 XRANGE 49.08 52.071 ZRANGE -26.919 -23.026
GY

YRANGE 16.9 16.9 FLOAD 6.925 XRANGE 52.071 56.566 ZRANGE -24.359 -23.026
GY

YRANGE 5.95 5.95 FLOAD 0.5 XRANGE 43.822 49.08 ZRANGE -42.193 -37.93 GY

YRANGE 5.95 5.95 FLOAD 0.625 XRANGE 49.08 56.57 ZRANGE -41.883 -30.919 GY

YRANGE 5.95 5.95 FLOAD 0.75 XRANGE 43.822 49.08 ZRANGE -37.93 -26.919 GY

YRANGE 5.95 5.95 FLOAD 0.625 XRANGE 43.822 49.08 ZRANGE -26.919 -23.026
GY

YRANGE 5.95 5.95 FLOAD 2 XRANGE 49.08 56.566 ZRANGE -30.919 -26.919 GY

YRANGE 5.95 5.95 FLOAD 2 XRANGE 49.08 52.071 ZRANGE -26.919 -23.026 GY

YRANGE 5.95 5.95 FLOAD 0.75 XRANGE 52.071 56.56 ZRANGE -24.359 -23.026 GY

YRANGE 9.6 9.6 FLOAD 0.5 XRANGE 43.822 49.08 ZRANGE -42.193 -34.386 GY

YRANGE 9.6 9.6 FLOAD 0.75 XRANGE 43.822 49.08 ZRANGE -37.93 -26.919 GY

YRANGE 9.6 9.6 FLOAD 0.625 XRANGE 43.822 49.08 ZRANGE -26.919 -23.026 GY

YRANGE 9.6 9.6 FLOAD 0.625 XRANGE 49.08 56.57 ZRANGE -41.883 -30.919 GY

Page 20 of 47
YRANGE 9.6 9.6 FLOAD 2 XRANGE 49.08 56.566 ZRANGE -30.919 -26.919 GY

YRANGE 9.6 9.6 FLOAD 3 XRANGE 49.08 52.071 ZRANGE -26.919 -23.026 GY

YRANGE 9.6 9.6 FLOAD 0.75 XRANGE 52.071 56.566 ZRANGE -24.359 -23.026 GY

YRANGE 13.25 13.25 FLOAD 0.5 XRANGE 43.822 49.08 ZRANGE -42.193 -37.93 GY

YRANGE 13.25 13.25 FLOAD 0.75 XRANGE 43.82 49.08 ZRANGE -37.93 -26.919 GY

YRANGE 13.25 13.25 FLOAD 0.625 XRANGE 43.82 49.08 ZRANGE -26.919 -23.026
GY

YRANGE 13.25 13.25 FLOAD 0.625 XRANGE 49.08 56.57 ZRANGE -41.883 -30.919
GY

YRANGE 13.25 13.25 FLOAD 2 XRANGE 49.08 56.566 ZRANGE -30.919 -26.919 GY

YRANGE 13.25 13.25 FLOAD 2 XRANGE 49.08 52.071 ZRANGE -26.919 -23.026 GY

YRANGE 13.25 13.25 FLOAD 0.75 XRANGE 52.071 56.56 ZRANGE -24.359 -23.026
GY

YRANGE 16.9 16.9 FLOAD 0.5 XRANGE 43.822 49.08 ZRANGE -42.193 -37.93 GY

YRANGE 16.9 16.9 FLOAD 0.5 XRANGE 43.822 49.08 ZRANGE -37.93 -26.919 GY

YRANGE 16.9 16.9 FLOAD 0.5 XRANGE 43.822 49.08 ZRANGE -26.919 -23.026 GY

YRANGE 16.9 16.9 FLOAD 0.5 XRANGE 49.08 56.57 ZRANGE -41.883 -30.919 GY

YRANGE 16.9 16.9 FLOAD 0.5 XRANGE 49.08 56.566 ZRANGE -30.919 -26.919 GY

YRANGE 16.9 16.9 FLOAD 0.5 XRANGE 49.08 52.071 ZRANGE -26.919 -23.026 GY

YRANGE 16.9 16.9 FLOAD 0.5 XRANGE 52.071 56.566 ZRANGE -24.359 -23.026 GY

YRANGE 16.9 16.9 FLOAD 0.5 XRANGE 52.071 56.566 ZRANGE -26.919 -24.359 GY

LOAD 1 LOAD TYPE EX

1893 LOAD X

LOAD 2 LOAD TYPE EZ

Page 21 of 47
1893 LOAD Z

***********************DEAD LOAD *******************************

LOAD 3 LOADTYPE Dead TITLE DL

SELFWEIGHT Y -1

MEMBER LOAD

**************************WALL LOAD **************************

68 TO 71 78 TO 81 88 90 TO 96 103 373 UNI GY -18.012

72 TO 77 82 TO 87 89 97 TO 102 104 TO 106 UNI GY -9.06

134 TO 137 144 TO 147 154 156 TO 162 169 200 TO 203 210 TO 213 220 -

222 TO 228 235 266 TO 269 276 TO 279 286 288 TO 294 301 376 379 -

382 UNI GY -16.644

138 TO 143 148 TO 153 155 163 TO 168 170 TO 172 204 TO 209 214 TO 219 221 -

229 TO 234 236 TO 238 270 TO 275 280 TO 285 287 295 TO 300 302 TO 303 -

304 UNI GY -8.322

*******************REACTION ON STAIR CASE********************

69 76 135 142 201 208 267 274 333 340 373 376 379 382 UNI GY -17

FLOOR LOAD

YRANGE 5.95 5.95 FLOAD -11.25 XRANGE 43.822 49.08 ZRANGE -42.193 -37.93
GY

YRANGE 5.95 5.95 FLOAD -6.25 XRANGE 43.822 49.08 ZRANGE -37.93 -23.026
GY

YRANGE 5.95 5.95 FLOAD -6.25 XRANGE 49.08 56.57 ZRANGE -41.883 -30.919
GY

Page 22 of 47
YRANGE 5.95 5.95 FLOAD -6.25 XRANGE 49.08 56.566 ZRANGE -30.919 -26.919
GY

YRANGE 5.95 5.95 FLOAD -6.25 XRANGE 49.08 52.071 ZRANGE -26.919 -23.026
GY

YRANGE 5.95 5.95 FLOAD -5 XRANGE 54.985 56.568 ZRANGE -38.425 -30.919 GY

YRANGE 9.6 9.6 FLOAD -11.25 XRANGE 43.822 49.08 ZRANGE -42.193 -37.93 GY

YRANGE 9.6 9.6 FLOAD -6.25 XRANGE 43.822 49.08 ZRANGE -37.93 -23.026 GY

YRANGE 9.6 9.6 FLOAD -6.25 XRANGE 49.08 56.57 ZRANGE -41.883 -30.919 GY

YRANGE 9.6 9.6 FLOAD -6.25 XRANGE 49.08 56.566 ZRANGE -30.919 -26.919 GY

YRANGE 9.6 9.6 FLOAD -6.25 XRANGE 49.08 52.071 ZRANGE -26.919 -23.026 GY

YRANGE 9.6 9.6 FLOAD -5 XRANGE 54.985 56.568 ZRANGE -38.425 -30.919 GY

YRANGE 13.25 13.25 FLOAD -11.25 XRANGE 43.822 49.08 ZRANGE -42.193 -37.93
GY

YRANGE 13.25 13.25 FLOAD -6.25 XRANGE 43.822 49.08 ZRANGE -37.93 -23.026
GY

YRANGE 13.25 13.25 FLOAD -6.25 XRANGE 49.08 56.57 ZRANGE -41.883 -30.919
GY

YRANGE 13.25 13.25 FLOAD -6.25 XRANGE 49.08 56.566 ZRANGE -30.919 -26.919
GY

YRANGE 13.25 13.25 FLOAD -6.25 XRANGE 49.08 52.071 ZRANGE -26.919 -23.026
GY

YRANGE 13.25 13.25 FLOAD -5 XRANGE 54.985 56.568 ZRANGE -38.425 -30.919
GY

YRANGE 16.9 16.9 FLOAD -6.925 XRANGE 43.822 49.08 ZRANGE -42.193 -23.026
GY

Page 23 of 47
YRANGE 16.9 16.9 FLOAD -6.925 XRANGE 49.08 56.57 ZRANGE -41.883 -26.919
GY

YRANGE 16.9 16.9 FLOAD -6.925 XRANGE 49.08 52.071 ZRANGE -26.919 -23.026
GY

YRANGE 16.9 16.9 FLOAD -6.925 XRANGE 52.071 56.566 ZRANGE -24.359 -23.026
GY

********************LIVE LOAD ********************************

LOAD 4 LOADTYPE Live REDUCIBLE TITLE LIVE LOAD

FLOOR LOAD

YRANGE 5.95 5.95 FLOAD -2 XRANGE 43.82 49.08 ZRANGE -42.193 -37.93 GY

YRANGE 5.95 5.95 FLOAD -2.5 XRANGE 49.08 56.57 ZRANGE -41.883 -30.919 GY

YRANGE 5.95 5.95 FLOAD -3 XRANGE 43.82 49.08 ZRANGE -37.93 -26.919 GY

YRANGE 5.95 5.95 FLOAD -2.5 XRANGE 43.82 49.08 ZRANGE -26.919 -23.026 GY

YRANGE 5.95 5.95 FLOAD -4 XRANGE 49.08 56.566 ZRANGE -30.919 -26.919 GY

YRANGE 5.95 5.95 FLOAD -4 XRANGE 49.08 52.071 ZRANGE -26.919 -23.026 GY

YRANGE 5.95 5.95 FLOAD -3 XRANGE 52.071 56.566 ZRANGE -24.359 -23.026 GY

YRANGE 9.6 9.6 FLOAD -2 XRANGE 43.822 49.08 ZRANGE -42.193 -34.386 GY

YRANGE 9.6 9.6 FLOAD -3 XRANGE 43.822 49.08 ZRANGE -37.93 -26.919 GY

YRANGE 9.6 9.6 FLOAD -2.5 XRANGE 43.822 49.08 ZRANGE -26.919 -23.026 GY

YRANGE 9.6 9.6 FLOAD -2.5 XRANGE 49.08 56.57 ZRANGE -41.883 -30.919 GY

YRANGE 9.6 9.6 FLOAD -4 XRANGE 49.08 56.566 ZRANGE -30.919 -26.919 GY

YRANGE 9.6 9.6 FLOAD -4 XRANGE 49.08 52.071 ZRANGE -26.919 -23.026 GY

YRANGE 9.6 9.6 FLOAD -3 XRANGE 52.071 56.566 ZRANGE -24.359 -23.026 GY

YRANGE 13.25 13.25 FLOAD -2 XRANGE 43.822 49.08 ZRANGE -42.193 -37.93 GY

Page 24 of 47
YRANGE 13.25 13.25 FLOAD -3 XRANGE 43.822 49.08 ZRANGE -37.93 -26.919 GY

YRANGE 13.25 13.25 FLOAD -2.5 XRANGE 43.82 49.08 ZRANGE -26.919 -23.026
GY

YRANGE 13.25 13.25 FLOAD -2.5 XRANGE 49.08 56.57 ZRANGE -41.88 -30.919 GY

YRANGE 13.25 13.25 FLOAD -4 XRANGE 49.08 56.56 ZRANGE -30.919 -26.919 GY

YRANGE 13.25 13.25 FLOAD -4 XRANGE 49.08 52.07 ZRANGE -26.919 -23.026 GY

YRANGE 13.25 13.25 FLOAD -3 XRANGE 52.07 56.56 ZRANGE -24.359 -23.026 GY

YRANGE 16.9 16.9 FLOAD -2 XRANGE 43.822 49.08 ZRANGE -42.193 -37.93 GY

YRANGE 16.9 16.9 FLOAD -2 XRANGE 43.822 49.08 ZRANGE -37.93 -26.919 GY

YRANGE 16.9 16.9 FLOAD -2 XRANGE 43.822 49.08 ZRANGE -26.919 -23.026 GY

YRANGE 16.9 16.9 FLOAD -2 XRANGE 49.08 56.57 ZRANGE -41.883 -30.919 GY

YRANGE 16.9 16.9 FLOAD -2 XRANGE 49.08 56.56 ZRANGE -30.919 -26.919 GY

YRANGE 16.9 16.9 FLOAD -2 XRANGE 49.08 52.071 ZRANGE -26.919 -23.026 GY

YRANGE 16.9 16.9 FLOAD -2 XRANGE 52.071 56.566 ZRANGE -24.359 -23.026 GY

YRANGE 16.9 16.9 FLOAD -2 XRANGE 52.071 56.566 ZRANGE -26.919 -24.359 GY

******************LOAD COMBINATIONS****************************

LOAD COMB 5 DEAD LOAD + LIVE LOAD

3 1.0 4 1.0

LOAD COMB 6 (DEAD LOAD + LIVE LOAD)

3 1.5 4 1.5

LOAD COMBINATION 7

3 1.2 4 1.2 1 1.2

LOAD COMBINATION 8

Page 25 of 47
3 1.2 4 1.2 1 -1.2

LOAD COMBINATION 9

3 1.2 4 1.2 2 1.2

LOAD COMBINATION 10

3 1.2 4 1.2 2 -1.2

LOAD COMBINATION 11

1 1.5 3 1.5

LOAD COMBINATION 12

1 -1.5 3 1.5

LOAD COMBINATION 13

2 1.5 3 1.5

LOAD COMBINATION 14

2 -1.5 3 1.5

LOAD COMBINATION 15

1 1.2 0.9

LOAD COMBINATION 16

1 -1.2 3 0.9

LOAD COMBINATION 17

2 1.2 3 0.9

LOAD COMBINATION 18

2 -1.2 3 0.9

PERFORM ANALYSIS PRINT ALL

Page 26 of 47
**********************START CONCRETE DESIGN***********************

CODE INDIAN

UNIT MMS NEWTON

CLEAR 50 MEMB 41 TO 44 46 TO 66 107 TO 110 112 TO 132 173 TO 176 178 TO 198
- 239 TO 242 244 TO 264 305 TO 308 310 TO 330 371 372 374 375 377 378 380 381 -
383 TO 607

CLEAR 70 MEMB 68 TO 106 134 TO 172 200 TO 238 266 TO 304 332 TO 370 373 376
- 379 382

FC 30 ALL

FYMAIN 500 ALL

FYSEC 500 ALL

MAXMAIN 25 ALL

MAXSEC 12 ALL

MINMAIN 12 ALL

MINSEC 8 ALL

DESIGN BEAM 68 TO 106 134 TO 172 200 TO 238 266 TO 304 332 TO 370 373 376 -

379 382

DESIGN COLUMN 41 TO 44 46 TO 66 107 TO 110 112 TO 132 173 TO 176 178 TO

198 -

239 TO 242 244 TO 264 305 TO 308 310 TO 330 371 372 374 375 377 378 380 381 -

383 TO 607

CONCRETE TAKE

END CONCRETE DESIGN

FINISH

Page 27 of 47
CHAPTER 6

ANALYSIS AND POST PROCESSING

ANALYSE THE STRUCTURE

The analysis was performed using the commands under the analyze menu in the modelling
mode. Select the Run Analysis option to perform Analysis/Design.

The Analysis status dialog box shown below appears. This dialog box displays the status
of the analysis process. If an error occurs during the analysis, the above dialog box
displays the error message. In this dialog box, we are also presented with three options as
shown in Figure 6.1..

View Output file

Go to post processing mode

Stay in modelling mode

After clicking “Go to post processing mode” a new dialog box will appear as shown in
Figure 6.2 to select the load cases. After that the post processing mode has been opened as
shown in Figure 6.3 in which we can determine maximum and minimum bending
moments, maximum and minimum shear force, reactions at footings, stresses in plates etc.

Page 28 of 47
Figure 6.1 Analyse and design window

Page 29 of 47
 Figure 6.2 Go to post processing mode

Figure 6.3 Post Processing by load combinations

Page 30 of 47
CHAPTER 7

DESIGN OF STRUCTURE

The structure was designed for concrete in accordance with (BIS: IS 456, 2000). The
parameters were specified as shown in Figure 7.1.

clear cover

Fc (Compressive strength of concrete)

Fy main (Yield strength of main reinforcement)

Fy sec (Yield strength of secondary reinforcement)

Max. and min. size of main reinforcement

Max. and min. size of secondary reinforcement

Figure 7.1 Input window for parameters

7.1 BEAM DESIGN

Beams are designed for flexure, shear and torsion. Generally, we do not use STAAD. Pro
to design the beams however, to analyze the structure we give command “Design Beam”
as shown in Figure 7.2. The purpose of STAAD. Pro is to analyze the beams so that we
can procure bending moment and shear force from it. The obtained bending moments and

Page 31 of 47
shear force have been used to design the beams analytically with the help of excel sheets.
The ductile detailing code (BIS: IS 13920, 2016) recommended the width of the member
shall not be less than 200mm. Also, the member shall preferably have a width-to depth
ratio of more than 0.3.

The design of beams is dependent upon the following factors:

1. Magnitude and type of loading

2. Duration of loading

3. Clear span

4. Material of the beam

5. Shape of the beam cross-section

Figure 7.2 Design specification in STAAD.pro

7.2 DESIGN OF COLUMNS

Analytical calculations of columns are very cumbersome to do in daily design practice

even with the help of excel sheets. Here the FEA plays an important role. STAAD contains
a broad set of facilities for designing structural members as individual components of an

Page 32 of 47
analyzed structure. The governing factors are length of column, loading conditions,
boundary constraints, grade of steel, grade of concrete etc. For modelling M30 grade of
concrete and Fe500 grade of steel has been used. The preliminary dimensions of the
columns have been chosen as per (BIS: IS 13920, 2016). Figure 7.3 show the
reinforcement details of Column 60 as highlighted in Figure 7.3.

Figure 7.3 Reinforcement in column no. 60

Page 33 of 47
CHAPTER 8

DESIGN OF STAIR CASE

Grade of concrete M30

Grade of Steel Fe-500

Tred 300mm

Riser 150mm

Figure 8.1 PLAN OF STAIR CASE

Assume thickness of waist slab = 200mm

Loading on waist slab

Step section = (1/2)*(Tread)*(Riser)=(1/2)*(0.300)*(0.152) = 0.0228 m 2

Inclined slab = 0.3336 * 0.20 = 0.067 m2

Finishes = (0.30+0.152)*(0.030) = 0.0135 m2

Total area = 0.103 m2

Page 34 of 47
DL per m = 0.103 x 30 = 2.58 KN/m
DL/m2 plan = 8.60 KN/m2

Live Load on stair case is = 4.0 kN/m 2

Total Load = 12.6 kN/m 2

Take width of slab 1.06m

Load per m = 12.6 x 1.06 = 13.356 kN/m

Loading on Landing

Self-weight of slab = 0.2 x 30 = 6 kN/m 2

Finish = 0.03 x 30 = 0.9 kN/m 2

Live load = 4.0 kN/m 2

Total factored load = 16.35 x 1.06 = 17.331 kN/m

In distance 150 mm from wall and 75 mm in support only DL should be considered as

shown in Figure 8.2.

Figure 8.2 Loading on Stair Case

Reactions:

RA = 43.36 KN

RB = 39.84KN

Maximum Bending Moment= 46.94 KNm , at 2.16m from left hand support

Maximum shear = 43.36 KN

Page 35 of 47
 Figure 8.3 Loading on stair case in STAAD

Effective depth of slab required

B.M= 0.133 * Fck * b * d2

Therefore d required = 105 mm < 200 mm provided O.K

Area of steel

46.94 X 10^6 = 0.87 * 500 * (Ast)( d-0.42*X U) , XU = 0.48d

Ast= 1820 mm2

Check for development length

Development length for 12mm bars = 47  = 564 mm

Moment of resistance of 12 – 12 mm bars , M1=(46.94)*(1357.16)/1286.40 = 49.51 KNm

V= 43.36 KN

Page 36 of 47
 Let LO= 0 mm

LD ≤ 1.3*M1/V +LO

Or , ≤ 43mm

Since bar dia provided is 12mm < 43 mm O.K

Temperature steel = 0.12 % of bd = 285 mm2 , provide 1 - 10 dia @ 300 c/c

Design of Landing

Self-weight of slab = 0.2 x 30 = 6 kN/ m 2

Finish = .03 x 30 = 0.9 kN/ m 2

Live load = 4 kN/ m 2

Total factored load = 16.35 x 1.06 = 17.331 kN/ m

Effective span = 1.06+1.06+0.44+0.150 = 2.71m

Total load = 17.331x2.71 = 46.9 kN (Take width 1.06m)

Reaction from one flight = 39.84 kN

Reaction from both flights = 79.68 kN

Max. Bending moment = WuL/8 = (79.68+46.96)*2.71/8 = 42.9KNm

Max. Shear force = 126.64/2 = 63.32KN

Effective depth = 200mm

Area of steel is given by :

BM = 0.87fy*Ast*(d- (fy*Ast/fck*b))

Ast = 512.82mm2 , so provide 10-10mm dia bars in 1060mm wide landing giving area of
785mm2 > 512.82mm2

Provide 0.12% temperature reinforcement in landing slab

Page 37 of 47
 CHAPTER 9

DESIGN OF FOUNDATIONS USING STAAD PRO.

With the help of STAAD Pro. We can do efficient foundation design and documentation
using plant-specific design tools, multiple design codes with U.S. and metric bar sizes,
design optimization, and automatic drawing generation. STAAD Foundation Advanced
provides you with a streamlined workflow through its integration with STAAD. Pro or as a
stand-alone application. You can design virtually any type of foundation, from basic to the
most complex.

 Easily model complex or simple footings, such as plant foundations supporting vertical
vessels, horizontal vessels, tanks and other footings

 Quickly model common foundations such as isolated, combined, strip, pile caps, and many
more

 Simplify challenging scenarios such as vibrating machine foundation, lateral analysis of

piers, or mat design using FEA

There are different parameters are to be used to design the foundation.

Concrete and rebar

1. Unit weight of concrete

2. Min. Bar Spacing
3. Max. Bar spacing
4. Yield Strength of steel
5. Max. Bar size

Cover and soil

1. Soil Type
2. Bottom Clear Cover
3. Unit weight of soil
4. Soil Bearing Capacity
5. Depth of water table
Page 38 of 47
 6. Cohesion

Footing Geometry

1. Footing Type
2. Min. Length
3. Min. Width
4. Min. Thickness
5. Max. Length
6. Max. Width

Design

To design the footings firstly, we have to determine the column reactions as shown in
Figure 9.1. After that these reactions were transferred to STAAD Foundation Advanced to
determine the area of the footing and to determine the area of the steel required. In case if
two isolated footings are overlapping then provide combined footing.

Figure 9.1 Column Reaction

Page 39 of 47
Figure 9.2 Column Position

Figure 9.3 Load Combination

Page 40 of 47
Figure 9.4 Different parameters for foundation design

Figure 9.5 Footing Reinforcement

Page 41 of 47
CONCLUSION
During this project, we analyze and design various members of the building subjected to
different combinations of loads. Relevant recommendations and guidelines from various
Indian standard codes (BIS: IS 13920, 2016; BIS: IS 1893 Part 1, 2002; BIS: IS 456, 2000;
BIS: IS 875 Part 1, 1987; BIS: IS 875 Part 2, 1983) were also taken care of. STAAD PRO
has the capability to calculate the reinforcement needed for any concrete section. Beams,
slabs and staircase were designed manually however, columns were designed using
STAAD. Pro.

Page 42 of 47
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