Unit IG2: Risk assessment

Declaration: By submitting this assessment (Parts 1 – 4) for marking I declare that it is entirely my own work. I understand that falsely claiming that
the work is my own is malpractice and can lead to NEBOSH imposing severe penalties (see the NEBOSH Malpractice Policy for further information).

Important note: You mustrefer to the document „Unit IG2: risk assessment – Guidance and information for learners and Learning Partners‟ while
completing all parts of this assessment.Your Learning Partner should provide you with a copy, but it can also be downloaded from the relevant
resources section for this qualification on the NEBOSH website.

Part 1: Background

You should aim to complete this section in 150 - 200 words.

Topic Comments
Name of organisation* Ayaash Builders.
Site location* Kannur, Kerala, India
300 Workers including Project managers, Finance managers, Purchase managers, Site
Number of workers
Engineers, Site supervisors, and Safety Engineers/Officers.
The organization I have chosen is Ayaash builders, which is a leading construction company
located at Kannur, Kerala.

The company owned by Er. Abdulla Kutty and Er. Memy, Who are well-known civil Engineers in
Kannur district.

The company have a huge record of experience in construction field since last 8 years.
General description of the organisation The company delivering their services In the areas like construction of roads, bridges, commercial
malls, apartments, villas etc.

The site I have chosen is a construction site of a commercial mall located at Taliparamba.

The company have working time from Monday to Saturday 8 AM to 6 PM, Sunday is a holiday.
But if there is an urge for meeting deadlines the company works on day and night shift basis.

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 Main activities that company undertake include foundation work, piling, excavation, steel erection,
masonry works, painting, MEP works etc

The main equipment used are excavators, cranes, tower cranes, drilling machines, concrete
mixer machines, wheel barrows pallet trucks etc.
Description of the area to be included in the
I considered the entire work site for risk assessment.
risk assessment
Any other relevant information The site engineer and safety engineer/officer are the people responsible for workplace safety.
* If you‟re worried about confidentiality, you can invent a false name and location for your organisation but, all other information provided must be
factual.

You should aim to complete this section in 100 - 200 words.

Note: this section can be completed after you have competed your risk assessment.
Before starting the risk assessment procedure, I referred to a lot of information about the health
and safety culture and risk assessment methodology of an organization. The company has its
own safety policy, and I understand that very well.
I followed the ILO ( www.ilo.org ) and HSE ( www.hse.gov.uk ) websites and learned about the
laws and codes regarding health & safety. I read some international publications and journals on
Outline how the risk assessment was carried health and safety.
out this should include: As part of the risk assessment, I visited the company and talked face to face with the site
 sources of information consulted; engineer and workers there. I received from them a description of the major hazards and control
 who you spoke to; and measures that are likely to come as part of the job. Having already learned about the company‟s
 how you identified: safety policies, I was able to get a first-hand look at the safety cultures out there.
- the hazards; I was also able to learn about the accidents from the previous year from their records. The
- what is already being done; and workers and site manager shared a good deal of knowledge about the current control measures
- any additional controls/actions that there and the preventive measures they took during the accident the previous years, which
may be required. helped me to complete my risk assessment procedure even more easier.
I prepared a questionnaire regarding work place hazards and control methods for deriving further
control measures. I made the questions based on the datas I got from the previous accident
records, previous risk assessment reports, from ILO website, laws related to fire, laws related to
work at height, laws related to confined space, laws related to ergonomics..etc. I referred IG1 and
IG2 text books for getting additional datas.

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 Part 2: Risk Assessment

Organisation name: Ayaash Builders.

Date of assessment: 08-08-2021
Scope of risk assessment: Entire Work Site.

Hazard Who might be harmed What are you already doing? What further controls/actions are Timescalesfor
category and and how? required? further actions Responsible
hazard to be person’s job
completed title
(within …)
1. Work at Workers, Site engineers, 1.Personal protective 1. Implement work restraint system 1 Month. Site Engineer
height supervisors, trespassers, equipment such as helmets, (1,5)
outside peoples, trainees boots, safety clothing and full 2. Safety nets should be placed at the 1 Month.
Falling of body harness are already bottom when workers are working at Safety officer
materials and Falling down of the provided to workers who work heights (2,6)
workers from construction materials or at height
height tools or workers from the 3. Purchase good quality lanyards to 3 Weeks. Purchase
height may cause severe 2. Barricades and other access connect the body belt or body harness Manager
injuries and major control equipment are provided to a deceleration device (3)
accidents in the site. the to control unwanted movement
severity depends on the of others along the bottom of 4. Implement a policy to ensure that 3 Week. Project
height from which falling, workers who working at height. no materials falls or is thrown from a Manager
toughness of floor height. (4)
surface, strength of 3. Ladders and scaffolds used
ladders and scaffolds..etc are fixed well 5. Provide signboards or wall charts 3 Weeks.
for those below to understand when

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Hazard Who might be harmed What are you already doing? What further controls/actions are Timescalesfor
category and and how? required? further actions Responsible
hazard to be person’s job
completed title
(within …)
A worker falling from 4. Workers are given proper the work is going on at the top.
above may suffer minor training before starting a job
and major injuries. 6.Install proper material handling 2 Month.
Injuries to the head or equipment to handle raw materials
other internal organs can and tools to height instead of using
lead to death. traditional methods
Headaches , muscle
fractures ,swelling, head
injuries, temporary or
permanent injuries can
occur if the raw materials
and tools falling from
above falls on those
below.
2. Vibration Workers who are in 1. Hand gloves are used as 1. Purchase high-quality, low-vibration 1 Month. Site Engineer
constant contact with personal protective equipment tools. (2,3,7)
Transmits power tools and who work to protect against vibration
vibrations from long hours at the edge of 2. Implement a policy for employees 3 weeks. Safety officer
power tools vibration sources 2. Vibration generating devices who use power tools to follow (4,5)
such as hand are maintained at regular manufacturer's instructions for use and
drilling If an employee works long intervals. maintenance. Purchase
machine, time with vibrating Manager
grinding equipment or working 3. Employees who use power 3. Develop a work order or Arrange 1 Week. (1,6)
machine, jack nearby vibrating sources tools are allowed shorter tasks so vibrating and non-vibrating
hammer, chain for a long time, the breaks between tasks. tool use can be alternated.
saws,and following diseases may

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Hazard Who might be harmed What are you already doing? What further controls/actions are Timescalesfor
category and and how? required? further actions Responsible
hazard to be person’s job
completed title
(within …)
excavator to occur. 4. Mechanically isolate the vibrating 2 Week. Project
human bodies Hand-Arm Vibration source or surface to reduce exposure. Manager
and Syndrome (HAVS). (2)
surroundings. Lower back pain (damage 5. Provide work sharing of employees 1 Week
to vertebrae and discs, within a shift to share the exposure of
ligaments loosened from vibration.
shaking)
Motion sickness. 6. Purchase and Use a breaker 1 Month.
Bone damage. attachment on an excavating machine
Varicose veins / heart to break concrete rather than using a
conditions (variation in hand-held breaker.
blood pressure from
vibration) 7. Provide sign boards or wall charts to 2 Weeks.
Stomach and digestive understand the workers about the
conditions; sources of vibrations.
respiratory, and metabolic
changes
3. Noise Visitors, All workers in the 1. Power tools are maintained 1. Purchase and use new ones to 2 Months. Safety officer
work site including site at regular intervals. replace the worn out cutting tools of (3)
High level of engineer, supervisors. power tools
sound 2. Provided ear plugs for those
produced from Excessive exposure to who operate power tools. 2. Purchase Noise Free Power Tools 2 Months. Purchase
power tools loud noise can lead to Manager
and permanent tinnitus or 3. The toolbox talk provided to 3. Implement some digital display 1 Month. (1,2,4,5,6)
excavators. hearing loss. Loud noise employees to make them devices in all areas to convey
can cause physical and aware of the importance of important messages and warning

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Hazard Who might be harmed What are you already doing? What further controls/actions are Timescalesfor
category and and how? required? further actions Responsible
hazard to be person’s job
completed title
(within …)
mental stress, reduce noise safety. signals to employees Project
productivity, interfere with Manager
communication and 4. Purchase and use electrical 1 Month. (7)
concentration, employees equipment instead of pneumatic
can‟t hear warning equipment and replace fuel engine
signals, and cause equipment with electric engine
accidents and injuries in equipment.
the workplace.
5. Purchase sound-absorbing 1 Month.
materials and attach them to hard
reflective surfaces, walls, ceiling and
floors

6. Purchase a simple sound meter and 3 Weeks.

check the noise level regularly to
ensure the level of pollution.

7. Implement a policy to ensure a 3 Weeks.

noise-free working environment on site
and to have regular medical check-ups
for employees working on high level
sound sources.
4. Slip and All workers, site 1. Workers are given some 1. Develop a good plumbing line on 2 Months. Site Engineer
trips engineers, supervisors, PPE to protect their health from site. (3,4,6)
visitors, trainees injury.
Leaking oil 2. Implement a policy to use pipe & 2 Weeks.

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Hazard Who might be harmed What are you already doing? What further controls/actions are Timescalesfor
category and and how? required? further actions Responsible
hazard to be person’s job
completed title
(within …)
and fuel from Fallen workers may 2. Housekeeping staff have hose system instead of carrying water Purchase
power tools experience brain injuries, been hired. to long distances. Manager
and spinal cord injuries, hip or (5)
excavators pelvic injuries, shoulder or 3. Provides proper and regular 3. Display „Wet Floor‟ signs as 2 Weeks.
spread to the neck injuries, broken maintenance of power tools needed. Supervisor
ground. limbs, ligaments, nerve and vehicles to prevent oil spills (1)
Water leaks fractures, and muscle in the workplace. 4. Keep sidewalks and corridors free 2 Days.
from pipes and fractures. of debris, clutter and obstacles. Project
storage tanks Manager
and spreads to 5. Purchase moisture absorbent mats 1 Week. (2)
the ground. as needed.

6. Install adequate lighting system in 3 Weeks.

staircases and other corridors.

7. Purchase and Set up engine and 1 Month.

power tools with an oil tray or drip pan.
5. Confined Workers of manhole and 1. Toolbox talk is provided to 1. Purchase an air tester and perform 1 Month. Site Engineer
Space elevator shafts. share and learn about the air testing before and after work in a (4)
working environment in limited confined space.
There is Poisonous gases and spaces. Safety officer
limited access, fumes build up in confined 2. Ensure proper ventilation before 3 Weeks (2,7)
limited lighting spaces in the absence of 2. Provided PPEs such as starting work.
and toxic gas ventilation leads to respirator and torch helmet to Purchase
inside the reduced oxygen levels, or workers in confined space. 3. Purchase and use wireless 1 Month. Manager
manhole and a risk of fire. communication system between (3)

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Hazard Who might be harmed What are you already doing? What further controls/actions are Timescalesfor
category and and how? required? further actions Responsible
hazard to be person’s job
completed title
(within …)
elevator It may cause 3. Workers are well trained for worker inside the manhole and hole
shafts. unconsciousness, confined area works. watchers and rescue teams. Store
shortness of breath or manager
may even death. 4. Implement adequate lighting 3 Weeks. (1,6)
low light level may cause systems in confined spaces.
slip and trip problem and Project
it also effect work 5. Appoint a well-trained and 1 Month. Manager
productivity experienced hole inspector. (5)

6. Purchase protective equipment and 6 Weeks.

first aid kit related to respiratory
urgency.

7. Provide training to staff and 3 Weeks.

supervisors regarding first aid.
6. Hazardous Workers in carpentry 1.Employees have been given 1. Purchase vacuum cleaner machines 1 Month. Site Engineer
Substances workshops and masks to protect their instead of brooms. Provide training to (4,5)
construction site, Site respiratory organs. housekeeping staff on how to operate
Dust particles engineers, visitors, the machine. Safety officer
from carpentry trainees 2. Appointed housekeeping (2)
workshops or Wood dust due to cutting staff. Debris is removed 2. Provide more ventilation facilities to 3 Weeks.
construction of wood and working on periodically. improve the air circulation. Purchase
sites or from wood may damage the Manager
man-made respiratory cells. 3. Protective clothing is 3. Implement a policy to prevent 6 Weeks. (1)
mineral fibres Construction dust comes provided to protect the skin employees with respiratory illnesses
such as glass, from working with from glass dust and allergy from working in the dust. Project

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Hazard Who might be harmed What are you already doing? What further controls/actions are Timescalesfor
category and and how? required? further actions Responsible
hazard to be person’s job
completed title
(within …)
ceramics, etc. materials such as dust. Manager
sandstone, cement and 4. Employees working with solvents 2 days. (3)
Solvents from concrete. These dusts should be allowed proper breaks.
paints, are often very small and Supervisor
adhesives, stay deep in the lungs. 5. Wet cutting (water or oil) should be 1 Week. (6)
cleaning fluids. Man-made mineral fibres provided to avoid dust formation
can be very irritating and during cutting process.
cause permanent damage
when in contact with the 6. If possible, set up a separate work 1 Month.
lungs, eyes and skin. area outside the plant for dust-making
operations like carpentry, mortar
Solvents affect the making, glass cutting..etc
nerves and the function of
the brain when they come
in contact with the skin
and when they breathe.
They can lead to irregular
heartbeat, cancer,
blindness, kidney / liver
damage, and even death
7. Radiation Workers working in direct 1. Workers working in welding 1. Purchase pen dosimeters or 1 Month. Site Engineer
sunlight and in the are properly trained. radiation measuring badges to (3,4,5)
UV radiation welding area, visitors measure the amount of radiation
from welding & 2. Welding workers were falling on employees' bodies. Purchase
UV radiation Long time Exposure to provided with face shields and Manager
from the Sun. ultraviolet rays can cause gloves 2. Implement a policy for measuring 2 Month. (1)

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Hazard Who might be harmed What are you already doing? What further controls/actions are Timescalesfor
category and and how? required? further actions Responsible
hazard to be person’s job
completed title
(within …)
skin cancer, premature the amount of radiation entering an
aging of the skin and 3. Employees are given employee's body with a pen dosimeter Project
signs of sunburn such as adequate breaks or badge in every 3 months. Give Manager
wrinkles, flaky skin, liver extra leave to those with more (2)
spots, actinic keratosis radiation.
and solar elastosis. Store
Ultraviolet rays can also 3. Set up drinking water facilities close 2 Weeks. manager
cause eye problems. to the welding area. (6)
They can cause
inflammation or burning of 4. Use signboards to inform visitors 2 Weeks.
the cornea. about radiation sources.

5. Rearrange the working hours of 2 Weeks.

workers working in direct sunlight.

6. Purchase masks or respirator 1 Month.

equipment suitable for workers in the
welding area to protect them from
fumes during welding.
8. Movement Workers, site engineers, 1.The speed of vehicles in the 1. Develop a plan to ensure 2 Month. Site Engineer
of people and supervisors, visitors, workplace is limited to 5 appropriate vehicles are being used in (2,3,)
vehicles trainees kilometres per hour. the work area that is not using diesel
powered truck inside. Project
Vehicles collide with 2. Traffic signs are used to Manager
People being workers or on ladders or indicate vehicle routes, speed 2. Provide a one-way system for 3 Weeks. (1,4)
struck by or scaffolds, which can limits, and pedestrians vehicles if possible.

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Hazard Who might be harmed What are you already doing? What further controls/actions are Timescalesfor
category and and how? required? further actions Responsible
hazard to be person’s job
completed title
(within …)
run over by a cause fatal injuries to crossing. Safety officer
vehicle, people workers, such as head 3. Provide separate routes for 3 Weeks. (5,6)
being struck injuries, fractures, spinal 3. Visitors are provided with pedestrians and vehicles where
by something cord injuries, and injuries special car parking area. possible.
falling from a to internal organs. Supervisor
vehicle, people Sometimes it can even 4. Reverse assistance such as 4. Implement a policy to Ensure 1 Month. (4,6)
falling from lead to the death of the CCTV was provided at adequate lighting, where people and
vehicles, employee. Vehicle appropriate locations. vehicles are operating. Store
vehicles collisions with other manager
overturning. building structures can 5. Maintain vehicles thoroughly, 1 Month. (7)
even lead to construction especially with braking system,
failure. steering, tires, lights, mirrors, and
special safety systems.

6. Provide training to lift truck 1 Month.

operators.

7. Purchase and setup convex mirrors

1 Month.
at deep turning points and corners.
9. Electricity Workers, site engineers, 1.Appropriate PPEs like Cotton 1. Provide workers with information, 2 Months. Site Engineer
site supervisors, visitors, protective clothing with long training, guidance, and supervision (3)
Electric shock trainees sleeves, Helmet, Goggles for needed to operate safely. Provide
to employees eye protection, rubber Gloves appropriate training on electrical Safety officer
due to The impact of the shock and Safety footwear are hazards on site so that everyone can (1)
exposed can range from a minor provided. understand how to eliminate or
electrical tremor to severe burns or minimize these hazards. Purchase

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Hazard Who might be harmed What are you already doing? What further controls/actions are Timescalesfor
category and and how? required? further actions Responsible
hazard to be person’s job
completed title
(within …)
parts, falls that can cause 2. Proper earthing is provided. Manager
damaged additional injuries. Death 2. Hire a person to ensure that the 1 Month. (7)
insulation, may happen due to 3. Electrical works are done by electrical equipment provided works
damaged cardiac arrest. talented and experienced safely and is maintained. Keep Supervisor
tools, wet persons. maintenance records properly. (4,5,7)
working
condition with 4. The presence of an 3. Place electrical safety signs where 3 Weeks. Project
electrical electrician is always needed. Manager
equipments. guaranteed. (2,6)
4. Inspect wiring of power tools and 2 Months.
other circuits before use. Replace
damaged electrical wires immediately.

5. Install a shut-off switch or circuit 1 Month.

breaker near the work area to turn off
the circuit in the event of a fire or
electric shock.

6. Implement a policy to minimize the 1 Month.

risk of water or chemical leaks in or
near electrical appliances.

7. Purchase and implement ground 2 Month.

fault circuit interrupter, or GFCI, to
shut-off electric power if a ground fault
is detected.

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Hazard Who might be harmed What are you already doing? What further controls/actions are Timescalesfor
category and and how? required? further actions Responsible
hazard to be person’s job
completed title
(within …)
10. Fire All Workers including 1. Fire extinguishers are 1. Limit the amount of flammable and 2 Month. Site Engineer
welder, grinding machine provided at specific locations. combustible materials inside the (1,3,6)
Fires sparked operator, housekeeping Workers are trained to use construction area and provide safe
by welding, staff, site engineers, extinguishing equipment. storage areas. Safety officer
soldering, visitors. (1,5)
grinding, and 2. Proper training was given to 2. Implement a hot work permit 3 Weeks.
other hot work During a fire, the levels of the welding, grinding and system. Project
tasks. carbon monoxide and solidifying staff. Manager
carbon dioxide increase, 3. A strict „No smoking‟ policy that is 2 Weeks. (2,4)
Flammable as well as damage from 3. Electrical circuits are clearly communicated to all employees
and chemical and thermal regularly inspected. and subcontractors. Provide a Store
combustible disturbances. These designated safe smoking area, to manager
material irritations can 4. Fire sand buckets are prevent the risks of fire due to ash or (7)
explosions. permanently destroy the provided at right places. carelessly discarded cigarettes.
respiratory system of a
Electrical fires person and may cause 4. Appoint a fire prevention program 1 Month.
from death. Fire can also manager to oversee operations can
temporary cause burning of skin, help prevent fires.
electrical set- suffocations.
ups. 5. All electric service lights must be 2 Month.
installed in accordance with National
Electric Code standards. Systems and
lighting should be maintained and
regularly inspected by the electrical
contractor.

6. Keep flammable and combustible 3 Weeks.

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Hazard Who might be harmed What are you already doing? What further controls/actions are Timescalesfor
category and and how? required? further actions Responsible
hazard to be person’s job
completed title
(within …)
materials away from electrical
appliances and circuits.

7. Provide first aid kits near fire 1 Month.

sources.
11. Manual Workers, loading and 1. Manual handling tasks are 1. Purchase and use mechanical aids 2 Months. Site Engineer
Handling unloading staff, helpers, performed by physically fit and to help lift or carry a large load. (2,3,4,7)
trainees, visitors. trained operators.
Lifting, 2. Reorganize the pathways to 2 Months. Safety officer
handling, Improper handling of 2. Toolbox talk is provided to let minimize bending, twisting and pulling (5)
lowering, materials and overloaded employees know about the when handling.
push, pull, materials can cause safety of manual handling. Purchase
carry or serious injuries to workers 3. Implement a hoist system to transfer 2 Months. Manager
moving the and nearby employees. 3. A separate path was the material from ground to different (1)
loads like Injuries like strains and provided for manual handling floors.
cement, sprains, neck and back operations to avoid the Store
bricks, stones, injuries, Slips, falls and possibility of collisions with 4. Provide workers frequent breaks. 2 Weeks. manager
other crush incidents, Cuts, other workers. (1)
construction bruises and broken 5. Provide training session for 1 Month.
related bones, Hernia, employees to learn about the Project
equipments. Occupational overuse ergonomic aspects of manual Manager
syndrome (OOS) are the management. (6,8)
common manual handling
injuries. 6. Appoint a person to ensure that 1 Month.
employees handle the load within safe
limits and that the employee is healthy.

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Hazard Who might be harmed What are you already doing? What further controls/actions are Timescalesfor
category and and how? required? further actions Responsible
hazard to be person’s job
completed title
(within …)

7. Provide a rest point while long- 2 Weeks.

distance manual handling.

8. Implement the unit load concept 3 Weeks.

where necessary.
12. Workers, supervisors Warning boards have been put 1. Display Company Policy on Drug, 2 Weeks. Site Engineer
Substance up on the site indicating that Alcohol and Drug Abuse in the (1,5)
abuse at work Consumption of alcohol, alcohol is not allowed in the Workplace on notice board.
drugs and other workplace. Safety officer
Use of alcohol, intoxicants by workers 2. Purchase and use a breath analyzer 1 Month. (4)
drugs and during working hours and Strict surveillance is being to identify intoxicated workers.
other breaks can affect their carried out to identify alcoholic Purchase
intoxicants in judgment and workers. 3. Implement a policy to Ensure 1 Month. Manager
workplace. coordination. This periodic health check-ups are provided (2)
situation will endanger all The policy states that strict at regular intervals to ensure the
the workers on this site, action will be taken against health of the workers. Store
which will affect the health those who enter the site or manager
of the workers, delays in work under the influence of 4. Appoint a counselling team to 2 Months. (2)
work and the reputation of intoxicants or drugs. educate workers about the negative
the company. aspects of alcohol and drugs. Project
Manager
5. Provide smoking space for needy 1 Month. (3,6)
workers

6. Take strict disciplinary action 3 Weeks.

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Hazard Who might be harmed What are you already doing? What further controls/actions are Timescalesfor
category and and how? required? further actions Responsible
hazard to be person’s job
completed title
(within …)
against intoxicated workers

13. Work Workers, supervisors, site Skilled and experienced 1. Purchase and install a CCTV 2 Months. Site Engineer
related engineers, trainees security guards have been surveillance system to monitor (4,5,6)
violence appointed to prevent and workers.
Fight and quarrels occur manage the conflict between Safety officer
Fight and when employees are the workers and the 2. Before hiring, check the background 2 Weeks. (6)
quarrel on the under stress under the management. of the employees.
website. influence of heavy Purchase
Resistance to workload or salary based Supervisors have been 3. Appoint a representative who can 1 Month. Manager
disciplinary issues or alcohol or instructed to monitor workers act as a good link between (1)
action or drugs. Such violence can who are exhausted due to high management and employees. So all
regulatory probably lead to quarrels workload. issues can be communicated Supervisor
actions, between employees and effectively (5)
money management, which can Workers have been trained on
management, lead to delays in work how to prevent violence even 4. Give workers regular breaks to 2 Weeks. Store
and working until problems are before they start work reduce fatigue and create a better manager
alone in the resolved. work environment in the workplace. (1)
workplace Workplace violence leads
to injuries and sometimes 5. Arrange all staff meetings once a 1 Month. Project
death. month to find out and discuss Manager
It may also lead to employee issues and feelings. (2,3,7)
enforcement actions that
adversely affect 6. Disciplinary action regarding work- 2 Weeks.
management. related violence should be placed on
the notice board.

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Hazard Who might be harmed What are you already doing? What further controls/actions are Timescalesfor
category and and how? required? further actions Responsible
hazard to be person’s job
completed title
(within …)
7. Implement a policy of giving gifts 1 Month.
and rewards to well-behaved
employees to promote a calm
atmosphere in the workplace.

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Part 3: Prioritise 3 actions with justification for the selection
Suggested word counts
Moral, general legal and financial arguments for all actions: 300 to 350 words
For EACH action:
Specific legal arguments: 100 to 150 words
Likelihood AND severity: 75 to 150 words
How effective the action is likely to be in controlling the risk: 100 to 150 words

Moral, general legal and financial arguments for ALL actions

Moral, general legal and financial MORAL

arguments
The Company AYAASH builders have a moral obligation to protect their workers at construction
sites. The company considers employees as their main asset and they have a moral responsibility
to prevent unnecessary suffering and loss of life.
Workplace safety is an important responsibility of both the employer and the employee. Everyone in
the company has a responsibility to ensure that their work in the workplace is safe for themselves
and others.
The organization strives to provide a positive work environment for employees, including a safe
workplace, safe plant and equipment. The company regularly provides training, supervision,
information and guidance to new hires and other employees. The health and well-being of the
workers plays an important role in the optimal development of the company. It is an ethical view
that all employees work and work for their income and return home in the same condition. When
there are any health injuries or deaths due to physical, chemical or mental accidents, it has a
profound effect not only on them but also on their dependents, family, friends and colleagues.
These sufferings are morally unacceptable. This will also affect the confidence of other employees
about the company. It is therefore a moral duty to protect them from dangers.
The organization has a clear policy regarding the health and wealth of the workers. Drug use
during working hours or breaks affects the health of workers, other employees and employers, and
the growth of the company. The company should provide and operate a medical, rehabilitation and

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 employee assistance program to alleviate these problems. Construction sites are always at risk
due to fire, electricity and sometimes radiation. These hazards can be prevented by controlling the
amount of flammable material within the site, proper wiring to power tools and other circuits, and
adopting proper hazard control measures, such as radiation control methods.
LEGAL
The AYAASH builders are very concerned about the legal consequences of injuries and health.
They must also meet legal requirements as they are designed to protect human rights and health.
International and national laws govern how businesses and organizations treat themselves.
If there is an accident on the site, enforcement officials may visit and a formal enforcement action
can be issued as an improvement notice, which specifies a date within which the improvement of
the specific situation must be remedied. Enforcement can also issue prohibition notice, which is
given to halt any high risk activities until the improvements are made. Since violation of health and
safety standards is a criminal offense, punishment in the form of fine will be issued against the
organisation in criminal courts. Punishments like charging fines or even imprisonment might be
taken against the concerned individuals like directors, manager and workers through the successful
prosecution order. enforcement authorities can cancel the licence of the organisation or even ban
the company according to the severity of the violation of health and safety legislations. So these are
the legal reasons for the company to provide a healthy and safe workplace.
FINANCIAL
Organizational financial loss due to workplace injury can have far-reaching consequences for those
involved.
The financial loss of the company can be almost devastating. Many organizations do not know the
true potential of accidents. Numerous studies have shown that there are uninsured costs
associated with workplace accidents (like Product / material damage, Plant / building damage,
Penalty for equipment / tools, legal costs) were eight to thirty-six times greater than insured costs.
It is often assumed that most accidents and event costs can be reimbursed through insurance.
This is a dangerous misconception. The real impact of an accident may be to create a financial
crisis for the organization by spending costs with emergency supplies, site cleaning, production
process or occupation space, time redirection of managers or supervisors, production delays,

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 overtime costs, loss of skill / experience, investigation time and clerical efforts, loss of contract,
contract work, loss of contract etc. The organization needs to maintain good health and safety to
avoid this financial losses

Justification for action 1

Limit the amount of flammable and combustible materials inside the construction area and provide
Action
safe storage areas. (Hazard category: Fire).
ILO R164 - Occupational Safety and Health Recommendation, 1981 (No. 164) in part 2 says
Specific legal arguments
“Prevention of fires and explosions and measures to be taken in case of fire or explosion”.

As per the Article 29 of ILO C167 - Safety and Health in Construction Convention, 1988 (No. 167)-
1. The employer shall take all appropriate measures to-
(a) avoid the risk of fire;
(b) combat quickly and efficiently any outbreak of fire;
(c) bring about a quick and safe evacuation of persons.
2. Sufficient and suitable storage shall be provided for flammable liquids, solids and gases.

To an extent, this organization does not follow the above law. If this violation continues, the
organization may face legal consequences and enforcement action in the future.
The likelihood of injury from burning of flammable and combustible materials is very high.
Consideration of likelihood AND severity
Sparks from welding, metal grinding and metal cutting on our site may cause severe fires by
burning vapours of flammable and combustible materials present in atmosphere. At normal
temperatures, flammable liquids can provide the vapour needed to make combustible mixtures with
air. The flammable liquid fire burns very quickly. They emit a lot of heat and often thick, dark,
cloudy smokes.
Due to improper handling and carelessness the flammable and combustible liquids at this site
easily flow into the heat sources. This will also cause the fire to spread uncontrollably.

Depending on the severity of the accident can be divided into four subcategories.
Minimal: no injury or damage were occurred.
Minor: small injuries but it can be cured by first aid

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 Major: in this case hospital treatment required.
Catastrophic: this is a crucial stage will occur coma and even death.

For workers, site engineers and on-site trainees etc., burning or scalding from flammable liquids
can cause painful first-degree burns, second-degree burns, and third-degree burns. In addition,
thick dark cloudy fumes from burned liquid alone can lead to permanent lung damage and lung
transplant surgery. All injuries are in major and catastrophic situations.

The severity of the accident increases with the exposure to the fire and the amount of flammable
and combustible materials burned. The risk in this organization is very high.
How effective the action is likely to be in I proposed to limit the amount of flammable and combustible material in the work site and to build a
controlling the risk. This should include: separate safe storage room for flammable and combustible materials. By separating flammable and
 the intended impact of the action; combustible liquids from the workplace into safe storage space, we can limit the vaporization of
 justification for the timescale that you flammable and combustible materials in the atmosphere and limit the physical presence of such
indicated in your risk assessment; liquids. So we can avoid the possibility of fire. In addition, we can ensure that flammable and
and combustible materials do not leak into the heat sources.
 whether you think the action will fully
control the risk. I have been given two months to complete the construction of safe storage for flammable and
combustible materials. The site engineer needs at least this time frame to select a suitable location
for the storage room, to purchase construction materials for the flammable & combustible material
storage room, and to raise funds from the finance departments.

The main cause of the fire I found was largely preventable by this action. But there are other
sources that can cause fires. We can successfully prevent this by providing first aid kits near the
heat source, appointing a supervisor or fire prevention program manager, and implementing other
control measures, such as anti-smoking policy enforcement.

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Justification for action 2

Purchase an air tester and perform air testing before and after work in a confined space. (Hazard
Action
category: Confined Space).
As per the C152 of Occupational Safety and Health (Dock Work) Convention, 1979 (No. 152).
Specific legal arguments
Article 32.5 states that- “Where workers are required to enter any confined space in which toxic or
harmful substances are liable to be present or in which there is liable to be an oxygen deficiency,
adequate measures shall be taken to prevent accidents or injury to health”.

Under domestic law (the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974) employers are responsible for
ensuring the safety of their employees and others. This responsibility is reinforced by regulations.
These regulations contain the following key duties:
1. avoid entry to confined spaces, e.g. by doing the work from the outside.
2. if entry to a confined space is unavoidable, follow a safe system of work.
3. Put in place adequate emergency arrangements before the work start.

This organization does not fully comply with the above rules and codes. If this violation continues,
the organization may face legal and enforcement action in the future.
The likelihood of accidents occurring from people entering the confined space is very high as
Consideration of likelihood AND severity
construction progresses and many activities such as underground cables, foundation of the pillars
and water storage tank are carried out within the confined space.
Confined space operation without gas inspection may lead to very high risk.
Manhole maintenance and cleaning work is a high risk activity. Entry of workers in confined spaces
without air quality inspection can lead to a very high risk. This is because below mentioned things
are included in the atmosphere of a confined space.
1. Levels of flammable gas, vapour, or mist in excess of 10 percent of their lower flammable limits.
2. Airborne dust levels at or above their flammable limits or permissible exposure limits (PELs) or
that prevents visibility of fewer than 5 feet.
3. Oxygen concentration above 23.5 percent or below 19.5 percent.
4. Any condition immediately dangerous to life or health that could threaten life, cause
Irreversible health problems, or make it difficult to escape the space without help.
Workers inhaling toxic gases may lose consciousness or it may lead to death. The intensity

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 depends on the depth of the confined space and the adequacy of the oxygen level.

Depending on the level of accident, the severity can be classified into catastrophic.
The foundation of the pillars on the site, storage tank for water, underground cable, silos, storage
bins, hoppers, pits for septic tank, manholes, houses for the equipment, ductwork, pipelines or
other similar places create the conditions that give rose to a likelihood of an accident due to the
nature of its environment. I found workers doing their job without good lighting and a good quality
respirator. The respirator they use is out of date. Improper use of protective equipment, poor
lighting and poor quality air can increase the severity of confined space hazards and even lead to
loss of life of workers.
How effective the action is likely to be in By purchasing an air testing device and conducting air testing, we can identify the quality of the air
controlling the risk. This should include: in a confined space. The presence of toxins, smoke and moisture content can be easily identified
 the intended impact of the action; by this test. Therefore, we can classify whether confined space is safe for work or not. So we can
 justification for the timescale that you prevent accidents on a large scale.
indicated in your risk assessment;
and I have given a time scale of one month to carry out this action to establish safe conditions in
 whether you think the action will fully confined spaces. Purchase list will take one week for approval, another week for fund approval and
control the risk. one week for purchase and one week for inspection at all confined spaces on this site. In my
opinion, this would be a great solution for accidents in confined spaces.

This activity alone will not completely control the risk, but workers need to be aware of the risks
behind the job. Other prescribed control measures are also a big part of combating accidents in
confined spaces.

Justification for action 3

Purchase and use mechanical aids to help lift or carry a large load. (Hazard category: Manual
Action
Handling).
Article 16 of ILO Convention C155 - Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155)-
Specific legal arguments
says that “Employers shall be required to ensure that, so far as is reasonably practicable, the
workplaces, machinery, equipment and processes under their control are safe and without risk to
health.”

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 Article 6 of C127 - Maximum Weight Convention, 1967 (No. 127) says, “In order to limit or to
facilitate the manual transport of loads, suitable technical devices shall be used as much as
possible.”

So, It is a good idea to make a process such as manual handling as secure as possible by
replacing the task with machinery.
Manual handling of loads and manual material handling in our site includes the use of the human
Consideration of likelihood AND severity
body to lift, lower, fill, empty and carry loads. Loading and unloading of metals, cement bags, raw
materials, finished materials, machine tools and other construction materials is the main activity
related to manual handling on this site. The workers are carrying load for a long distance and they
are not lifting in a proper body posture. Also there are lots of obstructions in the way, workers need
to overcome this. So the likelihood of occurring injuries while manual handling is very high, as
loading, unloading and transporting to different locations are daily activities and they are
unavoidable. Improper manual handling methods regardless of ergonomics can increase the risk of
injury and serious accidents.

The severity ranges from minor to major. Manual handling causes over a third of all workplace
injuries. The workers may carry the load improperly causing minor injuries like back pain, body
pain, swelling etc. major injuries like work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), mental ill
health, repetitive strain injuries of various bones, joints, ligaments, nerves, and blood vessels.
How effective the action is likely to be in By substituting the manual handling with mechanical aids, the risk of injury to individuals through
controlling the risk. This should include: that operation can be eliminated to an extent, because no human effort is required here.
 the intended impact of the action; Mechanical handling equipment can do the work of many people alone in a short amount of time.
 justification for the timescale that you By purchasing two or three machines, to some extent, all risky manual handling of this site can be
indicated in your risk assessment; replaced.
and
 whether you think the action will fully The time limit I gave was two months. Since it requires a large amount of money, it may take time
control the risk. to get finance approval and purchase approval from higher authorities. It will take some more time
to train employees to teach them how to operate new machines.

Other control measures which I suggested, such as training workers on the ergonomic aspects,

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 providing rest points, implementing unit load concepts etc. can successfully control manual
handling accidents.
Part 4: Review, communicate and check
Suggested word counts for each section:
 Planned review date or period and reasoning for this: 50 - 100words
 How the risk assessment findings will be communicated and who needs to know the information: 100 - 150 words
 Follow up on the risk assessment: 100 - 150 words.

Planned review date/periodwith According to company policy, the review of current risk assessment is one year later. So I set a
reasoning review date of 08/08/2022. This time limit is reasonable, as most of the proposed activities will be
completed within this time, and workers will have time to adapt to the new changes.
However, I will also ensure that the current risk assessment is reviewed before the due date if any
new equipment or machinery is introduced, any changes in the legislative rules or standards, or
significant changes in the number of workers or shift patterns.
How the risk assessment findings will be To discuss my findings on the construction site, I will communicate with the project manager,
communicatedAND who you need to tell supervisor, and HSE manager and explain my findings and precautions. I will take an awareness
class for workers about my findings on hazards at construction sites, and further discuss control
measures to be taken. I will communicate with the site manager, management representatives,
HSE manager, safety officer and finance manager and I will give them my feedback. I will consult
with the safety manager or officer and ask them to include some findings in the toolbox
conversation each day. In addition, I will train on the risk control method associated with workers
and display the risk assessment report on notice board which is easy to understand. I will email my
findings to the CEO for a quick response.
How you will follow up on the risk I will set up a reminder 20 days before the deadline given for activities and contact them. I will keep
assessment to check that the actions in touch with the safety officer, site engineer and workers. So, I can gather information from them
have been carried out to know if the work will be completed by the due date. If it is going not well, I will inquire as to why it
is not completed. Then if delaying continues, I will approach the project manager to find an
explanation for the delay. If the delay is due to lack of resources and funds, I will ask the Finance
Manager to release more funds and resources. Then also there is a delay present, I will notify the
CEO through the Finance Manager.

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