CRIMINAL LAW 2 – COMPILES CASE DIGESTS

I. CRIMES AGAINST NATIONAL SECURITY

1. Art. 114 – Treason
a) U.S. v. Abad, G.R. No. 976, October 22, 1902
Facts: Defendant Maximo Abad was a former insurgent officer. He was found to have violated his oath
of allegiance to the US Philippine Commission by denying to an officer of the United States Army the
existence and whereabouts of certain rifles which had been concealed by his orders at the time of his
surrender. Hence, this motion for the discharge of defendant under the amnesty proclamation of the US
government for “offenses of treason and sedition”
Issue: Whether or not Abad's acts can be considered “offenses of treason and sedition”.
Ruling: YES. The offense of violation of oaths of allegiance, being one of the political offenses defined
in Act No. 292, is included in the general words "treason and sedition," as used in the amnesty
proclamation of July 4, 1902. The offenses listed in Act No. 292 include: treason, misprision
of treason, insurrection, conspiracy to commit treason or insurrection, sedition, conspiracy to commit
sedition, seditious words and libels, the formation of secret political societies, and violation of
oaths of allegiance. When the framer of the proclamation used the words "treason and sedition" to
describe the purely political offenses covered by the amnesty, we think it was his
intention, without specially enumerating the political offenses defined in Act No. 292, to include them
all under the terms “treason and sedition. “Therefore, the defendant is entitled to the benefits of the
proclamation of amnesty, and upon filing in the court the prescribed oath the cause will be returned to the
court below with directions that he be discharged.

b) People vs. Victoria, G.R. No. L-369, March 13, 1947

Facts: Victoria was sentenced to the supreme penalty of death for committing treason and that the
commission of the acts was attended by the aggravating circumstances of treachery, the aid of armed
persons to insure or afford impunity, and deliberately augmenting the crimes by causing other wrongs not
necessary in the commission thereof.
Issue: Is the penalty proper?
Decision: No. The circumstances in question are essential elements of the treason he has committed. The
crime is of such a nature that it may be committed by one single act, by a series of acts, or by several
series thereof, not only in a single time, but in different times, it being a continuous crime, so much so
that there are some accused of treason for just one count and there are others for several counts, their
number not changing the nature of the offense committed.

c) Laurel v. Misa, G.R. No. L-409, January 30, 1947

Facts: Anastacio Laurel filed a petition for habeas corpus contending that a Filipino citizen who adhered
to the enemy giving the latter aid and comfort during the Japanese occupation cannot be prosecuted for
the crime of treason defined and penalized by article 114 of the Revised Penal Code, for the reason (1)
that the sovereignty of the legitimate government in the Philippines and, consequently, the correlative
allegiance of Filipino citizens thereto was then suspended; and (2) that there was a change of sovereignty
over these Islands upon the proclamation of the Philippine Republic.
Issue: Is Laurel’s contention correct?
Ruling: No. A citizen or subject owes, not a qualified and temporary, but an absolute and permanent
allegiance. The absolute and permanent allegiance of the inhabitants of a territory occupied by the enemy
to their legitimate government or sovereign is not abrogated or severed by the enemy occupation, because
the sovereignty of the government or sovereign de jure is not transferred thereby to the occupier.
d) U.S. v. Lagnason, G.R. No. 1582, March 28, 1904
Facts:
The defendant with this band made an attack upon the pueblo of Murcia in the Province of Occidental
Negros, but was driven off by the force of Constabulary there stationed. During that night two inspectors
of the Constabulary arrived with additional fortes and early in the morning they left the pueblo in search
of the defendant. He was encountered with his party about three kilometers from the pueblo and was
attacked by the Constabulary.The defendant was captured in the battle.
Issue: Did the defendant commit treason?
Decision: Yes. Act No. 292 of the Philippine Commission states that every person, resident in the
Philippine Islands, owing allegiance to the United States, or the Government of the Philippine Islands,
who levies war against them or adheres to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort within the
Philippine Islands or elsewhere, is guilty of treason.

e) People v. Roble, G.R. No. L-433, March 2, 1949

Facts: Charged with treason on three counts, the defendant pleaded guilty and was sentenced to death by
the First Division of the People's Court. The court held that the facts alleged in the information is a
complex crime of treason with murders, with the result that the penalty provided for the most serious
offense was to be imposed on its maximum degree. It opined that the killings were murders qualified by
treachery and aggravated by the circumstances of evident premeditation, superior strength, cruelty, and an
armed band.
Issue: Is the penalty correct?
Ruling: No. As decided in People v. Racaza, evident premeditation, superior strength, and treachery are,
by their nature, inherent in the offense of treason and may not be taken to aggravate the penalty.
Considering all the facts and circumstances of the case, the appellant's spontaneous plea of guilty is
sufficient to entitle him to a penalty below the maximum. The appealed decision is therefore modified and
the sentence reduced to reclusion perpetua.

f) People v. Perez, G.R. No. L-856, April 18, 1949

Facts: Perez furnished women for immoral purposes to the enemies. He was convicted of treason.

Issue: Can Perez be held guilty of treason?

Rulings: No. The law of treason does not proscribe all kinds of social, business, political intercourse
between the belligerent occupants of the invaded country and its inhabitants. What aid and comfort
constitute treason must depend upon their nature, degree, and purpose. As a rule, to be treasonous the
extent of the aid and comfort given to the enemies must be to render assistance to them as enemies and
not merely as individuals, and, in addition, be directly in furtherance of the enemies' hostile designs.
Sexual and social relations with the Japanese did not directly and materially tend to improve their war
efforts or to weaken the power of the United States.

2. Art. 115 – Conspiracy and Proposal to Commit Treason

a) U.S. v. Bautista, G.R. No. L-2189, November 3, 1906

Facts: Appellants were convicted of the crime of conspiracy to overthrow, put down, and destroy by force
the Government of the United States in the Philippine Islands and the Government of the Philippine
Islands, as defined and penalized in Section 4 of Act No. 292 of the Philippine Commission. Counsel for
appellants contend that the constitutional provision requiring the testimony of at least two witnesses to the
same overt act, or confession in open court, to support a conviction for the crime of treason should be
applied in this case.
Issue:Is the contention of the appellant correct?

Decision: No. In consonance with the decisions of the Federal courts of the United States, the crime of
conspiring to commit treason is a separate and distinct offense from the crime of treason, and this
constitutional provision is not applicable in such cases.

3. Art. 116 – Misprision of Treason

4. Art. 117 – Espionage

a) C.A. No. 616

COMMONWEALTH ACT NO. 616- AN ACT TO PUNISH ESPIONAGE AND OTHER

OFFENSES AGAINST THE NATIONAL SECURITY

SECTION 1. Unlawfully obtaining or permitting to be obtained information affecting national defense. —

(a) Whoever, for the purposes of obtaining information respecting the national defense with intent or
reason to believe that the information to be obtained is to be used to the injury of the Philippines or of the
United States, or to the advantage of any foreign nation, goes upon, enters, flies over, or otherwise obtains
information concerning any vessel, aircraft, work of defense, navy yard, naval station, submarine base,
coaling station, fort, battery, torpedo station, dockyard, canal, railroad, arsenal, camp, factory, mine,
telegraph, telephone, wireless, or signal station, building, office, or other place connected with the
national defense, owned or constructed, or in progress of construction by the Philippines or by the United
States or under the control of the Philippines or of the United States, or any of its officers or agents, or
within the exclusive jurisdiction of the Philippines or of the United States, or any place in which any
vessel, aircraft, arms, munitions, or other materials or instruments for the use in time of war are being
made, prepared, repaired, or stored, under any contract or agreement with the Philippines or the United
States, or with any person on behalf of the Philippines or the United States, or otherwise on behalf of the
Philippines or the United States, or any prohibited place within the meaning of section six hereof; or

(b) Whoever, for the purpose aforesaid, and with like intent or reason to believe, copies, takes, makes, or
obtains, or attempts, or induces or aids another to copy, take, make, or obtain, any sketch, photograph,
photographic negative, blue print, plan, map, model, instrument, appliance, document, writing, or note of
anything connected with the national defense; or

(c) Whoever, for the purpose aforesaid, receives or obtains or agrees or attempts or induces or aids
another to receive or obtain from any person, or from any source whatever, any document, writing, code
book, signal book, sketch, photograph, photographic negative, blue print, plan, map, model, instrument,
appliance, or note of anything connected with the national defense, knowing or having reason to believe,
at the time he receives or obtains, or agrees or attempts or induces or aids another to receive or obtain it,
that it has been or will be obtained, taken, made, or disposed of by any person contrary to the provisions
of this Act; or

(d) Whoever, lawfully or unlawfully having possession of, access to, control over, or being intrusted with
any document, writing, code book, signal book, sketch, photograph, photographic negative, blue print,
plan, map, model, instrument, appliance, or note relating to the national defense, wilfully communicates
or transmits or attempts to communicate or transmit the same to any person not entitled to receive it, or
wilfully retains the same and fails to deliver it on demand to the officer or employee of the Philippines or
of the United States entitled to receive it; or

(e) Whoever, being intrusted with or having lawful possession or control of any document, writing, code
book, signal book, sketch, photograph, photographic negative, blue print, plan, map, model, note or
information, relating to the national defense, through gross negligence permits the same to be removed
from its proper place of custody or delivered to anyone in violation of this trust or to be lost, stolen,
abstracted, or destroyed, shall be punished by imprisonment for not more than ten years and may, in
addition thereto, be fined not more than ten thousand pesos.

SECTION 2. Unlawful disclosing information affecting national defense. — (a) Whoever, with the intent
or reason to believe that it is to be used to the injury of the Philippines or of the United States or to the
advantage of a foreign nation, communicates, delivers, or transmits, or attempts to, or aids or induces
another to, communicate, deliver, or transmit to any foreign government, or any faction or party or
military or naval force within a foreign country, whether recognized or unrecognized by the Philippines
or by the United States, or to any representative, officer, agent, employee, subject, or citizen thereof,
either directly or indirectly, any document, writing, code book, signal book, sketch, photograph,
photographic negative, blue print, plan, map, model, instrument, appliance, or information relating to the
national defense, shall be punished by imprisonment for not more than twenty years, if the offense is
committed in time of peace, or by death or imprisonment for not more than thirty years, if it is in time of
war.

(b) Whoever, in time of war with intent that the same shall be communicated to the enemy, shall collect,
record, publish, or communicate, or attempt to elicit any information with respect to the movement,
number, description, condition, or disposition of any of the armed forces, ships, aircraft, or war materials
of the Philippines or of the United States, or with respect to the plans or conduct, or supposed plans or
conduct of any military, naval, or air operations, or with respect to any works or measures undertaken for
or connected with, or intended for the fortification or defense of any place, or any other information
relating to the public defense which might be useful to the enemy, shall be punished by death or by
imprisonment for not more than thirty years.

SECTION 3. Disloyal acts or works in time of peace. — It shall be unlawful for any person, with intent to
interfere with, impair, or influence the loyalty, morale, or discipline of the military, naval, or air forces of
the Philippines or of the United States: (a) to advise, counsel, urge, or in any manner cause
insubordination, disloyalty, mutiny, or refusal of duty by any member of the military, naval, or air forces
of the Philippines or of the United States; or (b) to distribute any written or printed matter which advises,
counsels, or urges insubordination, disloyalty, mutiny, or refusal of duty by any member of the military,
naval, or air forces of the Philippines or of the United States. The violation of this section shall be
punished by imprisonment for not more than ten years, or by fine not more than ten thousand pesos, or
both.

SECTION 4. Disloyal acts or words in time of war. — Whoever, when the Philippines or the United
States is at war, shall wilfully make or convey false reports or false statements with the intent to interfere
with the operation or success of the military, naval, or air forces of the Philippines or of the United States
or to promote the success of its enemies shall wilfully cause or attempt to cause insubordination,
disloyalty, mutiny, or refusal of duty, in the military, naval, or air forces of the Philippines or the United
States, or shall wilfully obstruct the recruiting or enlistment service of the Philippines or of the United
States, to the injury of the service of the Philippines or of the United States, shall be punished by
imprisonment for not more than twenty years, or by a fine of not more than twenty thousand pesos, or
both.

SECTION 5. Conspiracy to violate preceding sections. — If two or more persons conspire to violate the
provisions of sections one, two, three, or four of this Act, and one or more of such persons does any act to
effect the object of the conspiracy, each of the parties to such conspiracy shall be punished as in said
sections provided in the case of the doing of the act the accomplishment of which is the object of such
conspiracy.
SECTION 6. Harboring or concealing violators of the law. — Whoever harbors or conceals any person
who he knows, or has reasonable ground to believe or suspect, has committed, or is about to commit, an
offense under this Act, shall be punished by imprisonment of not more than ten years and may, in
addition thereto, be fined not more than ten thousand pesos.

SECTION 7. Designation of prohibited places by proclamation. — The President of the Philippines in

time of war or in case of national emergency may by proclamation designate any place other than those
set forth in subsection (a) of section one hereof in which anything for the use of the army, navy, or air
forces are being prepared or constructed or stored as a prohibited place for the purpose of this Act:
Provided, That he shall determine that information with respect thereto would be prejudicial to the
national defense.

SECTION 8. Photographing, etc., defensive installations regulated; penalties. — Whenever, in the

interests of national defense, the President of the Philippines shall define certain vital military, naval, or
air installations or equipment as requiring protection against the general dissemination of information
relative thereto, it shall be unlawful to make any photograph, sketch, picture, drawing, map, or graphical
representation of such vital military, naval, and air installations or equipment without first obtaining
permission of the commanding officer of the military, naval, or air post, camp, or station concerned, or
higher authority, and promptly submitting the product obtained to such commanding officer or higher
authority for censorship or such other action as he may deem necessary. Any person found guilty of a
violation of this section shall be punished by imprisonment for not more than one year, or by a fine of not
more than two thousand pesos, or both.

SECTION 9. Photographing, etc., from aircraft. — Any person who uses or permits or procures the use of
an aircraft for the purpose of making a photograph, sketch, picture, drawing, map, or graphical
representation of vital military, naval or air installations or equipment, in violation of section eight of this
Act, shall be liable to the penalty therein provided.

SECTION 10. Reproducing, publishing, selling, etc., uncensored copies. — After the President of the
Philippines shall have defined any vital military, naval, or air installation or equipment as being within
the category contemplated under section eight of this Act, it shall be unlawful for any person to
reproduce, publish, sell, or give away any photograph, sketch, picture, drawing, map or graphical
representation of the vital military, naval, or air installations or equipment so defined, without first
obtaining permission of the commanding officer of the military, naval, or air post, camp, or station
concerned, or higher authority, unless such photograph, sketch, picture, drawing, map, or graphical
representation has clearly indicated thereon that it has been censored by the proper military, naval, or air
authority. Any person found guilty of a violation of this section shall be punished as provided in section
eight of this Act.

SECTION 11. Destroying or injuring or attempting to injure or destroy war material in time of war. —
When the Philippines or the United States is at war, whoever, with intent to injure, interfere with, or
obstruct the Philippines or the United States or any associate nation in preparing for or carrying on the
war, or whoever, with reason to believe that his act may injure, interfere with, or obstruct the Philippines
or the United States or any associate nation in preparing for or carrying on the war, shall wilfully injure or
destroy, or shall attempt to so injure or destroy, any war material, war premises, or war utilities, as herein
defined, shall be imprisoned not more than thirty years or be fined not more than thirty thousand pesos, or
both.

SECTION 12. Making or causing war material to be made in defective manner. — When the Philippines
or the United States is at war, whoever, with intent to injure, interfere with, or obstruct the Philippines or
the United States or any associate nation in preparing for or carrying on the war, or whoever, with reason
to believe that his act may injure, interfere with, or obstruct the Philippines or the United States or any
associate nation in preparing for or carrying on the war, shall wilfully make or cause to be made in a
defective manner, or attempt to make or cause to be made in a defective manner, any war material, as
herein defined, or any tool, implement, machine, utensil, or receptacle used or employed in making,
producing, manufacturing, or repairing any such war material, as herein defined, shall be imprisoned not
more than thirty years or be fined not more than thirty thousand pesos, or both.

SECTION 13. Injuring or destroying national defense material, premises, or utilities. — Whoever, with
intent to injure, interfere with, or obstruct the national defense of the Philippines or the United States shall
wilfully injure or destroy, or shall attempt to so injure or destroy, any national defense material, national
defense premises, or national defense utilities, as herein provided, shall be imprisoned not more than ten
years or be fined not more than ten thousand pesos, or both.

SECTION 14. Making or causing to be made in a defective manner, or attempting to make or cause to be
made in a defective manner, national defense material. — Whoever, with intent to injure, interfere with,
or obstruct the national defense of the Philippines or of the United States, shall wilfully make or cause to
be made in a defective manner, or attempt to make or cause to be made in a defective manner, any
national defense material, as herein defined, or any tool, implement, machine, utensil, or receptacle used
or employed in making, producing, manufacturing, or repairing any such national defense material, as
herein defined, shall be imprisoned not more than ten years, or fined not more than ten thousand pesos, or
both.

SECTION 15. Definition of terms. — The term “aircraft” as used in this Act means any contrivance
known or hereafter invented, used, or designed for navigation or flight in the air. The expression “post,
camp, or station” as used in this Act shall be interpreted to include naval vessels, military and naval
aircraft, and any separate military, naval or air command.

The words “war or national defense material” as used herein shall include arms, armament, ammunition,
livestock, stores of clothing, food, foodstuffs, or fuel; and shall also include supplies, munitions, and all
other articles of whatever description, and any part or ingredient thereof, intended for, adapted to, or
suitable for the use of the Philippines or the United States, or any associate nation, in connection with the
conduct of war or national defense.

The words “war or national defense premises,” as used herein, shall include all buildings, grounds, mines,
or other places wherein such war or national defense material is being produced, manufactured, repaired,
stored, mined, extracted, distributed, loaded, unloaded, or transported, together with all machinery and
appliances therein contained; and all ports, arsenals, navy yards, prisons, camps, or other military, naval,
or air stations of the Philippines or the United States or any associate nation.

The words “war or national defense utilities,” as used herein, shall include all railroads, railways, electric
lines, roads of whatever description, railroad or railway fixture, canal, lock, dam, wharf, pier, dock,
bridge, building, structure, engine, machine, mechanical contrivance, car, vehicle, boat, or aircraft, or any
other means of transportation whatsoever, whereon or whereby such war or national defense material or
any troops of the Philippines or of the United States, or of any associate nation, are being or may be
transported either within the limits of the Philippines or the United States or upon the high seas; and all
dams, reservoirs, aqueducts, water and gas mains, oil or gasoline stations, pipes, structures, and buildings,
whereby or in connection with which water, or gas, or oil, or gasoline, or other fluid is being furnished, or
may be furnished, to any war or national defense premises or to the military, naval, or air forces of the
Philippines or the United States, or any associate nation, and all electric light and power, steam or
pneumatic power, telephone, and telegraph plants, poles, wires, and fixtures and wireless stations, and the
buildings connected with the maintenance and operation thereof used to supply water, light, heat, gas, oil,
gasoline, fluid, power, or facilities of communication to any war or national defense premises or to the
military, naval, or air forces of the Philippines or of the United States, or any associate nation.

The words “associate nation,” as used in this chapter, shall be deemed to mean any nation at war with any
nation with which the Philippines or the United States is at war.

The words “foreign government,” as used in this Act, shall be deemed to include any government,
faction, or body of insurgents within a country with which the Philippines or United States is at peace,
which government, faction, or body of insurgents may or may not have been recognized by the
Philippines or the United States as a government.

SECTION 16. This Act shall take effect upon its approval.

Approved: June 4, 1941

b) Santos v. Misa, G.R. No. L-319, March 28, 1946

Facts: The petitioner avers he is a Chinese citizen apprehended in February, 1945, by the Counter
Intelligence Corps of the United States Army, turned over last September, to the Commonwealth
Government, and since then detained by the respondent as a political prisoner. Such detention, he
claims, is illegal, because he has not been charged before, nor convicted by, the judge of a competent
court, and because he may not be confined under Act No. 682, as he owes allegiance neither to the
United States nor to the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

Issue:Is the contention of the petitioner correct?

Decision: No. Petitioner’s foreign status does not exclude him ipso facto from the scope of
Commonwealth Act No. 682. As stated by the Solicitor-General, he might be prosecuted for espionage, a
crime not conditioned by the citizenship of the offender, and considered as an offense against national
security.

5. Art. 118 – Inciting to war or giving motives for reprisals

6. Art. 119. – Violation of neutrality
7. Art. 120 – Correspondence with hostile country
8. Art. 121 – Flight to enemy’s country
9. Art. 122 – Piracy and mutiny on the high seas or in Philippine waters
a) People v. Lol-lo, G.R. No. 17958, February 27, 1922

Facts: Lol-lo and Saraw were charged with the crime of piracy. They demurred that based on the grounds
that the offense charged was not within the jurisdiction of the Court of First Instance, nor of any court of
the Philippine Islands.

Issue:Is the contention of the appellants correct?

Decision: No. It cannot be contended with any degree of force as was done in the lower court and as is
again done in this court, that the Court of First Instance was without jurisdiction of the case. Piracy is a
crime not against any particular state but against all mankind. It may be punished in the competent
tribunal of any country where the offender may be found or into which he may be carried. The jurisdiction
of piracy unlike all other crimes has no territorial limits. As it is against all so may it be punished by all. Nor
does it matter that the crime was committed within the jurisdictional 3-mile limit of a foreign state, for
those limits, though neutral to war, are not neutral to crimes.

b) P.D. No. 532

ANTI-PIRACY AND ANTI-HIGHWAY ROBBERY LAW OF 1974

WHEREAS, reports from law-enforcement agencies reveal that lawless elements are still
committing acts of depredations upon the persons and properties of innocent and
defenseless inhabitants who travel from one place to another, thereby distributing the peace,
order and tranquility of the nation and stunting the economic and social progress of the
people;

WHEREAS, such acts of depredations constitute either piracy or highway

robbery/brigandage which are among the highest forms of lawlessness condemned by the
penal statutes of all countries; and,

WHEREAS, it is imperative that said lawless elements be discouraged from perpetrating such
acts of depredations by imposing heavy penalty on the offenders, with the end in view of
eliminating all obstacles to the economic, social, educational and community progress of the
people;

NOW, THEREFORE, I, FERDINAND E. MARCOS, President of the Philippines, by virtue of the

powers vested in me by the Constitution and pursuant to proclamation No. 1081, dated
September 21, 1972 and No. 1104, dated January 17, 1973 and General Order No. 1, dated
September 22, 1972, do hereby order and decree as part of the law of the land the following:

Section 1. Title. This Decree shall be known as the Anti-Piracy and Anti-Highway Robbery
Law of 1974.

Section 2. Definition of Terms. The following terms shall mean and be understood, as
follows:

a. Philippine Waters. It shall refer to all bodies of water, such as but not limited to, seas,
gulfs, bays around, between and connecting each of the Islands of the Philippine
Archipelago, irrespective of its depth, breadth, length or dimension, and all other waters
belonging to the Philippines by historic or legal title, including territorial sea, the sea-bed, the
insular shelves, and other submarine areas over which the Philippines has sovereignty or
jurisdiction.

b. Vessel. Any vessel or watercraft used for transport of passengers and cargo from one
place to another through Philippine Waters. It shall include all kinds and types of vessels or
boats used in fishing.

c. Philippine Highway. It shall refer to any road, street, passage, highway and bridges or
other parts thereof, or railway or railroad within the Philippines used by persons, or vehicles,
or locomotives or trains for the movement or circulation of persons or transportation of
goods, articles, or property or both.

d. Piracy. Any attack upon or seizure of any vessel, or the taking away of the whole or part
thereof or its cargo, equipment, or the personal belongings of its complement or passengers,
irrespective of the value thereof, by means of violence against or intimidation of persons or
force upon things, committed by any person, including a passenger or member of the
complement of said vessel, in Philippine waters, shall be considered as piracy. The offenders
shall be considered as pirates and punished as hereinafter provided.

e. Highway Robbery/Brigandage. The seizure of any person for ransom, extortion or other
unlawful purposes, or the taking away of the property of another by means of violence
against or intimidation of person or force upon things of other unlawful means, committed by
any person on any Philippine Highway.

Section 3. Penalties. Any person who commits piracy or highway robbery/brigandage as

herein defined, shall, upon conviction by competents court be punished by:
a. Piracy. The penalty of reclusion temporal in its medium and maximum periods shall be
imposed. If physical injuries or other crimes are committed as a result or on the occasion
thereof, the penalty of reclusion perpetua shall be imposed. If rape, murder or homicide is
committed as a result or on the occasion of piracy, or when the offenders abandoned the
victims without means of saving themselves, or when the seizure is accomplished by firing
upon or boarding a vessel, the mandatory penalty of death shall be imposed.

b. Highway Robbery/Brigandage. The penalty of reclusion temporal in its minimum period

shall be imposed. If physical injuries or other crimes are committed during or on the
occasion of the commission of robbery or brigandage, the penalty of reclusion temporal in its
medium and maximum periods shall be imposed. If kidnapping for ransom or extortion, or
murder or homicide, or rape is committed as a result or on the occasion thereof, the penalty
of death shall be imposed.

Section 4. Aiding pirates or highway robbers/brigands or abetting piracy or highway

robbery/brigandage. Any person who knowingly and in any manner aids or protects pirates
or highway robbers/brigands, such as giving them information about the movement of police
or other peace officers of the government, or acquires or receives property taken by such
pirates or brigands or in any manner derives any benefit therefrom; or any person who
directly or indirectly abets the commission of piracy or highway robbery or brigandage, shall
be considered as an accomplice of the principal offenders and be punished in accordance
with the Rules prescribed by the Revised Penal Code.

It shall be presumed that any person who does any of the acts provided in this Section has
performed knowingly, unless the contrary is proven.

Section 5. Repealing Clause. Pertinent portions of Act No. 3815, otherwise known as the
Revised Penal Code; and all laws, decrees, or orders or instructions, or parts thereof, insofar
as they are inconsistent with this Decree are hereby repealed or modified accordingly.

Section 6. Effectivity. This Decree shall take effect upon approval.

Done in the City of Manila, this 8th day of August, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred
and seventy-four.

c) People v. Dela Pena, G.R. No. 219581, January 31, 2018

Facts: Appellant was charged, with the crime of piracy defined under Presidential Decree (PD) No. 532
allegedly committed as follows that on or about the 24th day of September 2005, along the river bank of
Barangay San Roque, Province of Samar, the accused, conspiring and mutually helping one another, with
deliberate intent to gain, by means of force and intimidation, feloniously take and carry away valuable
items (13 sacks of dried coconuts valued at P7,537.00; 2 pieces automatic watch valued at P6,796.00; 1
piece ([SJaudi gold) valued at P4,731.00; 1 [NJokia cellphone 3350 valued at P3,615.00[:] 1 unit Briggs
and [Stratton] 16 horse power with propeller valued at P26,000.00[:] cash money worth [P]1,000.00, all
amounting to P49,679.00 to the damage and prejudice of the said owner.
Appellant interposed an alibi and claimed that the Information did not state that the vessel in question was
in Philippine waters.
Issue: Whether or not appellant is guilty of piracy.
Ruling: Yes, the elements of piracy under PD 532 are all present.
Section 2(d) of PD 532 defines piracy as follows: Any attack upon or seizure of any vessel, or the taking
away of the whole or part thereof or its cargo, equipment, or the personal belongings of its complement or
passengers, irrespective of the value thereof, by means of violence against or intimidation of persons or
force upon things, committed by any person, including a passenger or member of the complement of said
vessel, in Philippine waters shall be considered as piracy.
Under Section 2(a) of PD 532, "Philippine waters" is defined as follows: [A]ll bodies of water, xxx and
all other waters belonging to the Philippines xxx and other submarine areas over which the Philippines
has sovereignty or jurisdiction.
It is clear that a river is considered part of Philippine waters. The Information also clearly alleged that the
vessel's cargo, equipment, and personal belongings of the passengers were taken by the appellant and his
armed companions. The appellant was able to seize these items when he, along with armed companions,
boarded the victims pump boat and seized control of the same.

d) R.A. No. 7659

10. Art. 123 – Qualified piracy
a) People v. Siyoh, G.R. No. L-57292, February 18, 1986

Facts:Appellants were found guilty of the crime of qualified piracy with triple murder and frustrated
murder. They contend that the lower court erred in finding that their guilt has been proved beyond
reasonable doubt.

Issue:Is the contention correct?

Decision: No. As can be seen from the lone assignment of error, the issue is the credibility of witnesses.
The trial court which had the opportunity of observing the demeanor of the witnesses and how they
testified assigned credibility to the former and an examination of the record does not reveal any fact or
circumstance of weight and influence which was overlooked or the significance of which was
misinterpreted as would justify a reversal of the trial court's determination. Additionally, the claims of the
appellants are not convincing.

11. R.A. No. 6235

a) Punishable Acts
b) “In flight” definition
12. R.A. No. 11479 – The Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020
a) Punishable Acts of Terrorism [Secs. 4-12]
b) Who are Liable [Secs. 3 (l) & (m), 14]
c) Surveillance of Suspects and Interception and Recording of
Communications [Sec. 16]
d) Detention Without Judicial Warrant [Sec. 29]
e) No Torture or Coercion in Investigation and Interrogation [Sec. 33]
f) Calleja v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 252578, et al., December 7,
2021 (EB)
13.R.A. No. 10168 – Terrorism Financing Prevention and Suppression Act
a) Financing of Terrorism [Sec. 4]
b) Attempt & Conspiracy, Accomplice, Accessory [Secs. 5-7]
c) Prohibition against Dealing with Property or Funds of Designated
Persons [Sec. 8]
d) Offense by a Juridical Person, Corporate Body or Alien [Sec. 9]
e) Predicate Offense to Money Laundering [Sec. 17]
f) Extra-Territorial Application [Sec. 19]
14.R.A. No. 9851 - Philippine Act on Crimes Against International
Humanitarian Law, Genocide, and Other Crimes Against Humanity
a) War Crimes, Genocide, & Other Crimes against Humanity [Secs. 4-
6]
b) Responsibility of Superiors [Sec. 10]
c) Non-prescription [Sec. 11]
d) Orders from a Superior [Sec. 12]
e) Jurisdiction [Sec. 17]
II. CRIMES AGAINST THE FUNDAMENTAL LAWS OF THE STATE
1. Art. 124 – Arbitrary detention
a) Rule 113, Sec. 5, Revised Rules of Court
b) Milo v. Salanga, G.R. No. L-37007, July 20, 1987
c) U.S. v. Cabanag, G.R. No. L-3241, March 16, 1907
d) Astorga v. People, G.R. NO. 154130, August 20, 2004 [ADD]
e) People v. Dongail, G.R. No. 217972, February 17, 2020
2. Art. 125 – Delay in the delay of detained prisoners
a) Rule 112, Sec. 7 of Revised Rules of Court
b) Soria v. Desierto, G.R. Nos. 153524-25, January 31, 2005
c) Lino vs. Fuguso, G.R. No. L-1159, January 30, 1947
3. Art. 126 – Delaying release
4. Art. 127 – Expulsion
a) Villavicencio v. Lukban, G.R. No. L-14639, March 25, 1919
5. Art. 128 - Violation of domicile
a) Rule 113, Sec. 11 of Revised Rules of Court
b) U.S. vs. Vallejo, G.R. No. 4367, September 3, 1908
6. Art. 129 – Search warrants maliciously obtained and abuse in the service
of those illegally obtained
a) Art. III, Sec. 2, 1987 Constitution
b) Alvarez v. Court of First Instance of Tayabas, G.R. No. 45358,
January 29, 1937
c) Burgos v. Chief of Staff, G.R. No. L-64261, December 26, 1984
7. Art. 130 – Searching domicile without witnesses
a) Sec. 8, Rule 126, Revised Rules of Court
b) Papa v. Mago, G.R. No. L-27360, February 28, 1968
8. Art. 131 – Prohibition, interruption, and dissolution of peaceful meetings
3 | Page
a) People vs. Evangelista, G.R. No. L-36277, October 26, 1932
b) Primicias vs. Fugoso, G.R. No. L-1800, January 27, 1948
9. Art. 132 – Interruption of religious worship
10. Art. 133 – Offending the religious feelings
a) People v. Baes, G.R. No. L-46000, May 25, 1939
b) Celdran v. People, G.R. No. 220127, March 21, 2018
11. RA 7438 - Act Defining the Rights of Person Arrested, Detained or Under
Custodial Investigation
a) Rights and Valid Waiver (Sec. 2)
b) Punishable Act (Sec. 4)
c) When extra-judicial confession inadmissible
i. Porteria v. People, G.R. No. 233777, March 20, 2019
d) Concept of “invitation”
i. People v. Olivarez, Jr., G.R. No. 77865, December 4, 1998
12. RA 9745 - Anti-Torture Act of 2009
a) Torture (Sec. 3[a])
b) Other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment (Sec.
3[b])
c) Punishable acts (Secs. 4, 5)
d) Right to physical, medical, and psychological examination (Sec. 12)
e) Who are liable (Sec. 13)
f) Effects when committed with other crimes (homicide, mutilation,
rape) (Sec. 14)
g) Torture as separate and independent crime (Sec. 15)
h) Non-applicability of Amnesty Law (Sec. 16)
i) Applicability of refouler (Sec. 17)
13. RA 9995 - Anti-Photo and Video Voyeurism Act of 2009
a) Broadcast (Sec. 3[a]) and capture (Sec. 3[b])
b) Photo or video voyeurism (Sec. 3[d])
c) Under circumstances in which a person has a reasonable
expectation of privacy (Sec. 3[f])
d) Punishable Acts (Sec. 4)
e) Admissibility of photo or video (Secs. 6,7)
14. RA 10173 - Data Privacy Act of 2012
a) Personal v. sensitive information (Sec. 3)
b) Scope (Sec. 4)
c) Processing of personal information (Secs. 11-15)
d) Rights of data subject (Secs. 16-19)
e) Punishable acts (Secs. 25-37)
III. CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC ORDER
1. Art. 134 - Rebellion or insurrection
a) People v. Hernandez, G.R. No. L-6025, May 30, 1964 (EB)
b) Lagman v. Medialdea, G.R. No. 231658, July 4, 2017 (EB)
c) People v. Geronimo, G.R. No. L-8936, October 23, 1956 (EB)
d) People v. Cruz, G.R. No. L-11870, October 16, 1961 (EB)
e) Carino v. , G.R. No. L-14752, April 30, 1963 (EB)
f) Buscayno v. Military Commission, G.R. No. L-58284 November 19,
1981 (EB)
4 | Page
g) Enrile v. Salazar, G.R. No. 92163 June 5, 1990 (EB)
2. Art. 134-A – Coup d’etat
a) Gonzales v. Abaya, G.R. No. 164007 August 10, 2006 (EB)
3. Art. 135 – Penalty for rebellion, insurrection or coup d’etat
4. Art. 136. Conspiracy and proposal to commit coup d'etat, rebellion or
insurrection
a) People v. Hernandez, G.R. No. L-6025, May 30, 1964 (EB)
b) People v. Geronimo, G.R. No. L-8936, October 23, 1956 (EB)
c) People v. Lava, G.R. No. L-4974, May 16, 1969 (EB)
5. Art. 137 - Disloyalty of public officers or employees
6. Art. 138 - Inciting a rebellion or insurrection
7. Art. 139 – Sedition
a) People v. Cabrera, G.R. No. L-17855, March 4, 1922 (EB)
b) US v. Lapus, G.R. No. 1222, January 21, 1905 (EB)
c) Espiritu v. Lim, G.R. No. 81567, October 3, 1991 (EB)
8. Art. 141 - Conspiracy to commit sedition
a) US v. Planas, G.R. No. 6867, December 23, 1911
9. Art. 142 - Inciting to sedition
a) Espuelas v. People, G.R. No. L-2990, December 17, 1951
10. Art. 143 – Act tending to prevent the meeting of the Assembly and similar
bodies
a) People v. Alipit, G.R. No. L-18853, August 22, 1922
11. Art. 144 – Disturbance of proceedings
12. Art. 145 – Violation of parliamentary immunity
13. Art. 146 – Illegal Assemblies
14. Art. 147 – Illegal Associations
15. Art. 148 – Direct assaults
a) People v. Recto, G.R. No. 129069, October 17, 2001 (EB)
b) People v. Renegado, G.R. No. L-27031, May 31, 1974
c) Sarcepuedes v. People, G.R. No. L-3857, October 22, 1951 (EB)
d) People v. Acierto, G.R. No. L-36595, November 28, 1932
e) Direct assault with homicide: People v. Pitulan, G.R. No. 226486,
January 22, 2020
f) Direct Assault with Frustrated Homicide: People v. Bautista, G.R.
No. 247961, June 16, 2021
g) Traffic enforcers: People v. Pablo, G.R. No. 231267, February 13,
2023
16. Art. 149 – Indirect assaults
17. Art. 150 - Disobedience to summons issued by the National Assembly, its
committees or subcommittees, by the Constitutional Commissions, its
committees, subcommittees or divisions
18. Art. 151 - Resistance and disobedience to a person in authority or the
agents of such person
a) Luz v. People, G.R. No. 197788, February 29, 2012
b) Mallari v. People, G.R. No. 224679, February 12, 2020
19. Art. 152 - Persons in authority and agents of persons in authority; Who
shall be deemed as such
20. Art. 153 - Tumults and other disturbance of public orders
21. Art. 154 - Unlawful use of means of publication and unlawful utterances
5 | Page
22. Art. 155 - Alarms and Scandals
• Amendment by RA 11926
23. Art. 156 - Delivery of prisoners from jails
24. Art. 157 - Evasion of service of sentence
25. Art. 158 - Evasion of service of sentence on the occasion of disorder,
conflagrations, earthquakes, or other calamities
26. Art. 159 - Other cases of evasion of service of sentence
27. Art. 160 - Commission of another crime during service of penalty imposed
for another offense
28. RA 10591 - Comprehensive Law on Firearms and Ammunition
a) Punishable acts (Sec. 28-34)
b) Elements
i. People vs. De Gracia, G.R. Nos. 102009-10, July 6, 1994
ii. Peralta v. People, G.R. No. 221991, August 30, 2017
iii. People v. Maderazo, G.R. No. 235348, December 10, 2018
c) Memorandum or mission order not a substitute for license: Sayco
v. People, G.R. No. 159703, March 3, 2008
d) Lack of chain of custody: People v. Velasco, G.R. No. 231787,
August 19, 2019
e) Certification of non-authority when required
i. Abenes v. CA, G.R. No. 156320, February 14, 2007
ii. People v. Mesal, G.R. No. 106643, May 16, 1995
f) Use of imitation firearm (Sec. 35)
29.PD 1829 - Obstruction of Justice Law
a) Punishable acts (Sec. 1)
b) Cases:
i. Par (c): Dr. De Leon v. Atty. Luis, G.R. No. 226236. July 06,
2021
ii. Padiernos v. People, G.R. No. 181111, August 17, 2015
IV. CRIME AGAINST PUBLIC INTEREST
1. Art. 161 – Counterfeiting the great seal of the Government of the Philippine
Islands, forging the signature or stamp of the Chief Executive
2. Art. 162 – Using forged signature or counterfeit seal or stamp
3. Art. 163 – Making and importing and uttering false coins
4. Art. 164 – Mutilation of coins
5. Art. 165 – Selling of false or mutilated coin, without connivance
6. Art. 166 – Forging treasury or banknotes or other documents payable to
bearer; importing, and uttering such false or forged notes and documents
7. Art. 167 – Counterfeiting, importing, and uttering instruments not payable
to bearer
8. Art. 168 - Illegal possession and use of false treasury or bank notes and
other instruments of credit
a) People v. Digoro, G.R. No. L-22032, March 4, 1966
b) Clemente v. People, G.R. No. 194367, June 15, 2011
9. Art. 169 – How forgery is committed
6 | Page
10. Art. 170 – Falsification of legislative documents
11. Art. 171 – Falsification by public officer, employee or notary or
ecclesiastical minister
a) People v. Roflo, G.R. Nos. 249564 & 249568-76, March 21, 2022
b) Alpay v. People, G.R. Nos. 240402-20, June 28, 2021
c) Intent to gain not an element: Liwanag v. People, G.R. No. 205260,
July 29, 2019
d) Tadena v. People, G.R. No. 228610, March 20, 2019
e) Torres v. CA, G.R. No. 241164, August 14, 2019
f) Lastrilla v. Granda, G.R. No. 160257, January 31, 2006
g) Galeos v. People, G.R. Nos. 174730-37, February 9, 2011
h) Not RIR in Falsification; Arias doctrine not applicable: Ombudsman
v. Santidad, G.R. No. 207154, December 05, 2019
12. Art. 172 – Falsification by private individuals and use of falsified
documents
a) Jayme v. People, G.R. No. 248827, August 27, 2020
b) Gimenez v. People, G.R. No. 214231, September 16, 2020
13. Art. 173 – Falsification of wireless, cable, telegraph, and telephone
messages, and use of said falsified messages
14. Art. 174 – False medical certificates, false certificates of merit or service,
etc.
15. Art. 175 – Using false certificates
16. Art. 176 – Manufacturing and possession of instruments or implements
for falsification
17. Art. 177 – Usurpation of authority or official functions
a) Legaspi v. People, G.R. No. 241986, August 22, 2022
18. Art. 178 – Using fictitious name and concealing true name
19. Art. 179 – Illegal use of uniforms or insignia
20. Art. 180 – False testimony against a defendant
21. Art. 181 – False testimony favorable to the defendant
22. Art. 182 – False testimony in civil cases
23. Art. 183 – False testimony in other cases and perjury in solemn
affirmation
a) Saulo v. People, G.R. No. 242900, June 08, 2020
b) Villanueva v. Secretary of Justice, G.R. No. 162187, November 18,
2005
24. Art. 184 – Offering false testimony in evidence
25. Art. 185 – Machinations in public auctions
26. Art. 186 – Monopolies and combinations in restraint of trade
27. Art. 187 – Importation and disposition of falsely marked articles or
merchandise made of gold, silver, or other precious metals or their alloys
28. Anti-Alias Law (CA 142 as amended by RA 6085)
a) Punishable acts (Secs. 1 & 2)
i. Public and habitual use: People v. Estrada, G.R. Nos.
164368-69, April 2, 2009
ii. Use of other’s surname: Legamia v. IAC, G.R. No. L-63817,
August 28, 1984
7 | Page
29. Access Devices Regulation Act of 1998 (RA 8484)
a) Access Device (Sec. 3[a])
b) Punishable acts (Sec. 9)
i. Cruz v. People, G.R. No. 210266, June 7, 2017
ii. Soledad v. People, G.R. No. 184274, February 23, 2011
c) Conspiracy (Sec. 11)
d) Frustrated and attempted stage (Sec. 12)
e) Accessory (Sec. 13)
30. Anti-Camcording Act of 2010 (RA 10088)
a) Punishable acts (Sec. 3)
b) Power to search and seize (Secs. 8 & 9)
31. Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 (RA 10175)
a) Punishable acts (Secs. 4-6)
i. Disini, Jr. v. Secretary of Justice, G.R. No. 203335, February
11, 2014
ii. People v. Cadajas, G.R. No. 247348, November 16, 2021 (EB)
iii. Cybersex: People v. Arraz, G.R. No. 252353, July 06, 2022
b) Online libel
i. People v. Soliman, G.R. No. 256700, April 25, 2023 (EB)
ii. Peñalosa v. Ocampo, Jr., G.R. No. 230299. April 26, 2023
iii. Causing v. People, G.R. No. 258524, October 11, 2023
iv. Recommended penalty: Punongbayan-Visitacion v. People,
G.R. No. 194214, January 10, 2018
32. Anti-Drunk and Drugged Driving Act of 2013 (RA 10586)
a) Punishable Act (Sec. 5)
b) Procedure for Apprehension (See IRR)
c) Conduct of Tests (Secs. 6 & 7)
d) Effect if resulted in physical injuries or homicide (Sec. 12)
e) Liability of owner/operator of offending vehicle (Sec. 13)
V. CRIMES RELATIVE TO OPIUM AND OTHER PROHIBITED DRUGS
1. Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 (RA 9165) as amended by
RA 10640
a) Punishable Acts (Secs. 4–19)
b) Section 5
i. Transportation: People v. Suico, G.R. No. 229940, September
10, 2018; People v. Macaspac, G.R. No. 246165, November
28, 2019; People v. Veloo, G.R. No. 252154, March 04, 2021
ii. Transportation variance to possession: Musa v. People, G.R.
No. 242132, September 25, 2019
iii. Attempted transportation: People v. Lacson, G.R. No.
229055, July 15, 2020
iv. Effect if payment of money not proven in sale of drugs:
Reyes v. People, G.R. No. 226053, March 13, 2019
v. Delivery of dangerous drugs, elements: People v. Arago, Jr.,
G.R. No. 233833, February 20, 2019
vi. When no actual buy bust operation: People v. Gonzales, G.R.
No. 233544, March 25, 2019
8 | Page
vii. Presentation of confidential informant and marked money
not required, exceptions: People v. Blanco, G.R. No. 193661,
August 14, 2013; Suson v. People, G.R. No. 152848, July 12,
2006; People v. Balag-ey, G.R. No. 141532. April 14, 2004
viii. When confidential informant is the poseur buyer: People v.
Turemutsa, G.R. No. 227497, April 10, 2019
c) Section 6
i. Maintenance of drug den; possession absorbs use: People v.
Galicia, G.R. No. 218402, February 14, 2018
d) Section 7
i. Effect of drug test result in visiting drug den cases: Coronel
v. People, G.R. No. 214536, March 13, 2017
e) Section 11
i. Constructive possession: Santos v. People, G.R. No. 242656,
August 14, 2019
ii. No animus possidendi: Luna v. People, G.R. No. 231902.
June 30, 2021
f) Section 12
i. Failure to submit to forensic examination: Cuico v. People,
G.R. No. 232293, December 09, 2020
g) Section 13
i. Plan v. People, G.R. No. 247589, August 24, 2020
h) Section 15
i. Confirmatory test required: People v. Lopez, G.R. No.
247974, July 13, 2020
i) Section 16
i. People v. Jumarang, G.R. No. 250306, August 10, 2022
ii. People v. Acosta, G.R. No. 238865, January 28, 2019
j) Custody and Disposition of Seized Items (Sec. 21)
i. Nisperos v. People, G.R. No. 250927. November 29, 2022
(EB) – new guidelines
ii. People v. Casa, G.R. No. 254208, August 16, 2022 (EB)
iii. People v. Maganon, G.R. No. 234040, June 26, 2019
iv. People v. Lim, G.R. No. 231989, September 04, 2018
v. Sec. 21 applicable in implementation of search warrant:
Tumabini v. People, G.R. No. 224495, February 19, 2020
vi. Late call to required witnesses: People v. Fayo, G.R. No.
239887, October 02, 2019
vii. Hours lapsed before inventory: People v. Marcelo, G.R. No.
228893, November 26, 2018
viii. Person who contacted representatives was not presented:
People v. Sanchez, G.R. No. 239000, November 05, 2018
ix. Only security guard present: People v. Señeres, G.R. No.
231008, November 05, 2018
k) Gaps in chain of custody
i. People v. Fatallo, G.R. No. 218805, November 07, 2018
ii. People v. Balles, G.R. No. 226143, November 21, 2018
l) Plea bargaining (Sec. 23)
i. Estipona v. Lobrigo, G.R. No. 226679, August 15, 2017
ii. People v. Montierro, G.R. No. 254564, July 26, 2022 (EB)
m) Non-applicability of Probation Law (Sec. 24)
n) Attempt or conspiracy (Sec. 26)
o) Planting of evidence (Sec. 29); fabricated buy-bust operation
9 | Page
i. People v. De Leon, G.R. No. 214472, November 28, 2018
ii. People v. Bricero, G.R. No. 218428, November 07, 2018
p) Laboratory test on arrested offenders (Sec. 38)
i. Effect of acquittal of sale or possession to use: People v.
Angeles, G.R. No. 237355, November 21, 2018
q) First-time minor offender (Secs. 66-71)
i. People v. Mantalaba, G.R. No. 186227, July 20, 2011
r) Limited Applicability of the Revised Penal Code (Sec. 98); Article 10,
RPC
i. People v. Cabugatan, G.R. No. 172019, February 12, 2007
VI. CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC MORALS
1. Presidential Decree No. 1602 as amended by Republic Act No. 9287
a) Punishable acts
i. Bustillo v. People, G.R. No. 216933, March 15, 2021
b) Who may be liable
c) Elements
i. Villamor v. People, G.R. No. 200396, March 22, 2017
ii. Cruz v. People, G.R. No. 238141, July 1, 2019
2. Art. 200 – Grave scandal
3. Art. 201 – Immoral doctrines, obscene publications and exhibitions, and
indecent shows
a) Tabloid showing minor: Demata v. People, G.R. No. 228583.
September 15, 2021
b) Fernando and Estorninos v. CA, G.R. No. 159751, December 6,
2006
4. Art. 202 – Vagrants and prostitutes (See RA No. 10158)
VII. CRIMES COMMITTED BY PUBLIC OFFICERS
1. Art. 203 – Who are public officers
a) RA 3019, Sec. 2(b):
2. Art. 204 – Knowingly rendering unjust judgment
3. Art. 205 – Judgment rendered through negligence
4. Art. 206 – Unjust interlocutory order
5. Art. 207 – Malicious delay in the administration of justice
6. Art. 208 – Prosecution of offenses; negligence and tolerance
7. Art. 209 – Betrayal of trust by an attorney or solicitor; Revelation of secrets
8. Art. 210 – Direct bribery
a) Conviction without witness: Mangulabnan v. People, G.R. No.
236848, June 08, 2020
b) Third element missing: Catubao v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No.
227371, October 02, 2019
c) Compared to robbery: Remolano v. People, G.R. No. 248682.
October 06, 2021
d) RA 3019, Sec. 3(a), (b), (c), (d)
i. 3(a): People v. Enojo, G.R. No. 252258, April 06, 2022
ii. 3(a), release of detainee without court order: Marzan v.
People, G.R. No. 226167. October 11, 2021
iii. 3(b): Collao v. People, G.R. No. 242539, February 01, 2021
iv. 3(d): Villanueva v. People, G.R. No. 237864, July 08, 2020
9. Art. 211 – Indirect bribery
a) P.D. No. 46
10 | Page
b) Formilleza v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 75160, March 18, 1988 (EB)
c) P.D. No. 749
10.Art. 211-A – Qualified bribery
11.Art. 212 – Corruption of public officials
12. Art. 213 – Frauds against the public treasury and similar offenses
13. Art. 214 – Other frauds
14. Art. 215 – Prohibited transactions
15. Art. 216 – Possession of prohibited interest by a public officer
16. Art. 217 – Malversation of public funds or property – Presumption of
malversation
a) People v. Dapitan, G.R. No. 253975. September 27, 2021
b) Through falsification of public document: Cabarios v. People, G.R.
Nos. 228097-103 & 228139-41. September 29, 2021
c) Through negligence: Corpuz v. People, G.R. No. 241383, June 08,
2020
d) U.S. v. Wickersham, G.R. No. L-6781, November 6, 1911
e) U.S. v. Velasquez, G.R. No. L-10935, February 1, 1916
f) People v. Sendaydiego, G.R. No. L-33254 & G.R. No. L-33253,
January 20, 1978
g) Torres v. People, G.R. No. 175074, August 31, 2011
h) Candao v. People, G.R. Nos. 186659-710, October 19, 2011
17.Art. 218 – Failure of accountable officer to render accounts
18. Art. 219 – Failure of responsible officer to render accounts before leaving
the country
19. Art. 220 – Illegal use of public funds or property
20. Art. 221 – Failure to make delivery of public funds or property
21. Art. 222 – Officer included
22. Art. 223 – Conniving with or consenting to evasion
23. Art. 224 – Evasion through negligence
24. Art. 225 – Escape of prisoner under the custody of a person not a public
officer
25. Art. 226 – Removal, concealment or destruction of documents
26. Art. 227 - Officer breaking seal
27. Art. 228 – Opening of closed documents
28. Art. 229 – Revelation of secrets by an officer
29. Art. 230 – Public officer revealing secrets of private individual
30. Art. 231 – Open disobedience
31. Art. 232 – Disobedience to order of superior officer, when said order was
suspended by inferior officer
32. Art. 233 – Refusal of assistance
33. Art. 234 – Refusal to discharge elective office
34. Art. 235 – Maltreatment of prisoners
35. Art. 236 – Anticipation of duties of a public office
36. Art. 237 – Prolonging performance of duties and powers
37. Art. 238 – Abandonment of office or position
38. Art. 239 – Usurpation of legislative powers
11 | Page
a) People v. Marty, G.R. Nos. 246780-82, July 06, 2022
39. Art. 240 – Usurpation of executive functions
40. Art. 241 – Usurpation of judicial functions
41. Art. 242 – Disobeying request for disqualification
42. Art. 243 – Orders or requests by executive officers to any judicial authority
43. Art. 244 – Unlawful appointments
44. Art. 245 – Abuses against chastity
45. Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act (RA 3019, as amended)
a) Corrupt practices of public officers (Sec. 3)
b) Sec. 3(c)
i. Lucman v. People, G.R. No. 238815, March 18, 2019
c) Sec. 3(e)
i. Soriano v. People, G.R. No. 238282, April 26, 2022 - no bad
faith; no graft and corruption
ii. Cabrera v. People, G.R. No. 191611-14. April 06, 2022 -
Violation of RA 3019 must be grounded on graft and
corruption
iii. Violation of procurement law, acquitted: Martel v. People,
G.R. No. 224720-23, February 02, 2021 (EB)
iv. Montejo v. People, G.R. Nos. 248086-93. June 28, 2021
v. Villarosa v. People, G.R. Nos. 233155-63, June 23, 2020 (EB)
vi. Rivera v. People, G.R. No. 228154, October 16, 2019
vii. Elements: Mejorada v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. Nos. L-51065-
72, June 30, 1987
viii. Delito continuado or continuous crime: Ambagan Jr. v.
People, G.R. Nos. 233443-44, November 28, 2018
ix. Power to intervene into contract or transaction: Jaravata v.
Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. L-56170, January31, 1984
x. Manifest partiality, evident bad faith, gross inexcusable
negligence: Fonacier v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. L-50691,
December 5, 1994
xi. Bad faith not required; committed by negligence: Alvarez v.
People, G.R. No. 192591, July 30, 2012
xii. When no manifest partiality and gross inexcusable
negligence: Villarosa v. Ombudsman, G.R. No. 221418,
January 23, 2019
xiii. Attempted or frustrated stage not punishable: Abubakar v.
People, G.R. No. 202408, June 27, 2018
xiv. Liability of private individual: Canlas v. People, G.R. Nos.
236308-09, February 17, 2020
d) Sec. 3(f)
i. Lacap v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 198162, June 21, 2017
ii. 3(e)&(f), acquittal: People v. Pallasigue, G.R. Nos. 248653-54,
July 14, 2021
e) Sec. 3(g)
i. Who may be liable: Go v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 172602,
September 3, 2007
ii. When private persons liable: Garcia-Diaz v. Sandiganbayan,
G.R. No. 193236, September 17, 2018
f) Sec. 3(h)
12 | Page
i. Elements: Trieste, Sr. v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 70332-43,
November 13, 1986
ii. Issuance of business permit not a transaction: People v.
Palabrica, G.R. Nos. 250590-91. November 17, 2021
iii. Acosta v. People, G.R. Nos. 225154-57, November 24, 2021
g) Sec. 3(j)
i. Chan v. People, G.R. No. 238304, July 27, 2022
ii. Panes v. People, G.R. No. 234561. November 11, 2021
h) Prohibition on private individuals (Sec. 4)
i) Prohibition on certain relatives (Sec. 5)
j) Prohibition on Members of Congress (Sec. 6)
46. Anti-Plunder Act (RA 7080, as amended by RA 7659)
a) Ill-gotten wealth (Sec. 1[d])
i. Estrada v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 148560, November 19,
2001
ii. When no allegation of main plunderer: Revilla v.
Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 218232, July 24, 2018
b) Plunder (Sec. 2)
c) Evidence required (Sec. 4)
47. Anti-Red Tape Act of 2007 (RA 9485)
a) Punishable acts (Sec. 11)
b) Fixers (Sec. 12)
VIII. CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS
1. Art. 246 – Parricide
a) Proof of relationship: People v. Delos Santos, G.R. No. 248929,
November 09, 2020
b) People v. Sabalberino, G.R. No. 241088, June 03, 2019
c) People v. Gamez, G.R. No. 202847, October 23, 2013
d) People v. Macal, G.R. No. 211062, January 13, 2016
2. Art. 247 – Death or physical injuries inflicted under exceptional
circumstances
3. Art. 248 – Murder
a) Roque v. People, G.R. No. 193169, April 06, 2015
b) People v. Tomas, Sr., G.R. No. 192251, February 16, 2011
c) People v. Fallorina, G.R. No. 137347, March 4, 2004 (EB)
d) People v. Estacio, Jr., G.R. NO. 171655, July 22, 2009
e) Use of motor vehicle: People v. Padal, G.R. No. 232070, October 02,
2019
f) All stages: People v. Angeles, G.R. No. 224289, August 14, 2019
g) Attempted Murder with Murder: People v. Benedicio, G.R. No.
235016, September 08, 2020
4. Art. 249 – Homicide
a) Esqueda v. People, G.R. NO. 170222, June 18, 2009
b) People v. Pugay, G.R. No. L-74324, November 17, 1988
c) Escamilla v. People, G.R. No. 188551, February 27, 2013
d) Abella v. People, G.R. No. 198400, October 7, 2013
5. Art. 250 – Penalty for frustrated parricide, murder, or homicide
6. Art. 251 – Death caused in a tumultuous affray
a) Wacoy v. People, G.R. No. 213792, June 22, 2015
13 | Page
b) People v. Dalabajan, G.R. No. 105668, October 16, 1997
c) People v. Corpuz, G.R. No. L-36234, February 10, 1981 (EB)
7. Art. 252 - Physical injuries inflicted in a tumultuous affray
a) Manalo v. People, G.R. No. 243805, September 16, 2020
8. Art. 253 - Giving assistance to suicide
9. Art. 254 - Discharge of firearms
• Amendments by RA 11926
a) Dado v. People, G.R. No. 131421, November 18, 2002
10.Art. 255 – Infanticide
a) People v. Adalia, G.R. No. 235990, January 22, 2020
11.Art. 256 – Intentional abortion
a) People v. Lopez, G.R. No. 136861, November 15, 2000 (EB)
12.Art. 257 – Unintentional abortion
a) People v. Salufrania, G.R. No. L-50884, March 30, 1988 (EB)
b) People v. Paycana, Jr., G.R. No. 179035, April 16, 2008
c) Gelig v. People, G.R. No. 173150, July 28, 2010
d) People v. Robinos, G.R. No. 138453, May 29, 2002 (EB)
13.Art. 258 – Abortion practiced by the woman herself or her parents
14. Art. 259 – Abortion practiced by a physician or midwife and dispensing of
abortives
15. Art. 260 – Responsibility of participants in a duel
16. Art. 261 – Challenging to a duel
17. Art. 262 - Mutilation
a) Aguirre v. Secretary of DOJ, G.R. NO. 170723, March 3, 2008
18. Art. 263 – Serious physical injuries
19. Art. 264 – Administering injurious substances or beverages
20. Art. 265 – Less serious physical injuries
a) Pentecostes, Jr. v. People, G.R. No. 167766, April 7, 2010
21. Art. 266 – Slight physical injuries and maltreatment
a) When loss of tooth only slight PI: Ruego v. People, G.R. No. 226745,
May 03, 2021
22. Art. 266-A - Rape, when and how committed
a) R.A. No. 8353
b) People v. Reyes, G.R. No. 173307, July 17, 2013
c) People v. Cubay, G.R. No. 224597, July 29, 2019
d) Marital Rape: People v. Jumawan, G.R. No. 187495, April 21, 2014
e) People v. Jalosjos, G.R. Nos. 132875-76, November 16, 2001 (EB)
f) Consummated rape: People v. Agao, G.R. No. 248049, October 04,
2022 (EB)
g) Through sexual intercourse
i. Consent: People v. Butiong, G.R. No. 168932, October 19,
2011; People v. Lamarroza, G.R. No. 126121, November 24,
1998; People v. Tionloc, G.R. No. 212193, February 15, 2017
ii. Intimidation: People v. Leonardo, G.R. No. 181036, July 6,
2010; People v. Dulay, G.R. Nos. 144344-68, July 23, 2002
(EB); People v. Rivera, G.R. No. 200508, September 4, 2013;
People v. Torres, G.R. No. 134766, January 16, 2004 (EB);
People v. Quintos, G.R. No. 199402, November 12, 2014;
iii. Moral influence, deprivation of reason, demented person:
People v. Samandre, G.R. No. 181497, February 22, 2012;
14 | Page
People v. Daniega, G.R. No. 212201, June 28, 2017; People
v. Caoile, G.R. No. 203041, June 5, 2013; People v. Ventura,
Sr., G.R. No. 205230, March 12, 2014
iv. Unconsciousness: G.R. No. 137288, December 11, 2001
(EB); People v. Villanos, G.R. No. 126648, August 1, 2000
v. No force, threat or intimidation: People v. Oropesa, G.R. No.
229084, October 02, 2019
vi. Substantial inconsistencies result to acquittal: People v.
Dolandolan, G.R. No. 232157, January 08, 2020
vii. People v. Tamano, G.R. No. 227866, July 08, 2020
h) Statutory Rape
i. Mental retardate, age: People v. Castillo, G.R. No. 242276,
February 18, 2020 (EB)
ii. People v. Dollano, Jr., G.R. No. 188851, October 19, 2011
iii. People v. Gaa, G.R. No. 212934, June 07, 2017
iv. People v. Brioso alias Talap-Talap, G.R. No. 209344, June
27, 2016
v. People v. Francia, G.R. No. 208625, September 6, 2017
i) Mental Retardate
i. People v. Gabatbat, G.R. No. 246948, July 05, 2021
ii. People v. Bayrante, G.R. No. 188978, June 13, 2012
iii. People v. Dela Rosa, G.R. No. 206419, June 01, 2016
j) Untenable defense
i. People v. Ortega, G.R. No. 186235, January 25, 2012
ii. People v. Cruz, G.R. No. 205200, September 21, 2016
iii. People v. Santos, G.R. No. L-38512, November 16, 1979 (EB)
iv. People v. Cabierte, G.R. No. 170477, August 7, 2007
v. People v. Javier, G.R. No. 126096, July 26, 1999 (EB)
vi. People v. Colorado, G.R. No. 200792, November 14, 2012
vii. People v. Gahi, G.R. No. 202976, February 19, 2014
viii. People v. BBB, G.R. No. 252214, June 14, 2022 (EB)
k) Sweetheart theory
i. People v. Deligero, G.R. NO. 189280, April 17, 2013
ii. People v. Victoria, G.R. No. 201110, July 6, 2015
iii. People v. Caoile, G.R. No. 203041, June 5, 2013
iv. Caballo v. People, G.R. No. 198732, June 10, 2013
l) Consensual intercourse: People v. XXX, G.R. No. 229677, October
02, 2019
m) Through sexual assault
i. People v. Bonaagua, G.R. No. 188897, June 6, 2011
n) Qualified rape
i. People v. Ceredon, G.R. No. 167179, January 28, 2008 (EB)
ii. People v. Obogne, G.R. No. 199740, March 24, 2014
iii. People v. Lascano, G.R. No. 192180, March 21, 2012
o) Attempted rape
i. Cruz v. People, G.R. No. 166441, October 8, 2014
ii. People v. Banzuela, G.R. No. 202060, December 11, 2013
iii. People v. Bandril, G.R. No. 212205, July 6, 2015
p) Special complex crime
i. People v. Villaflores, G.R. No. 184926, April 11, 2012
q) Acquittals
i. People v. XXX, G.R. No. 218087. July 06, 2021
15 | Page
ii. Successful defense: People v. Rapiz, G.R.No. 240662,
September 16, 2020
23.Art. 266-B - Penalties
a) People v. Macapanas, G.R. No. 187049, May 4, 2010
24.Art. 266-C - Effect of pardon
25.Art. 266-D – Presumptions
26.Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004 (RA 9262)
a) Violence against women and their children (Sec. 3[a])
i. Dabalos v. RTC 59, Angeles City, G.R. No. 193960, January
7, 2013
ii. Lesbian relationship: Jacinto v. Fouts, G.R. No. 250627.
December 07, 2022
b) Acts of violence against women and their children (Sec. 5)
i. Sec. 5(i): AAA v. People, G.R. No. 229762, November 28, 2018;
Reyes v. People, G.R. No. 232678, July 03, 2019; Dinamling
v. People, G.R. No. 199522, June 22, 2015
ii. Psychological violence when infidelity occurring outside the
country: AAA v. BBB, G.R. No. 212448, January 11, 2018
iii. Lack of intent to perpetrate the act: XXX v. People, G.R. No.
252087, Feb. 10, 2021; Acharon v. People, G.R. No. 224946,
November 9, 2021 (En Banc)
iv. Sec. 5(e)(2): XXX v. People, G.R. No. 221370. June 28, 2021;
XXX256611 v. People, G.R. No. 256611. October 12, 2022
c) Protection Orders (Secs. 8-16)
i. Knutson v. Judge Sarmiento Flores, G.R. No. 239215, July
12, 2022 (EB) - Father applying for protection order to
protect children against mother.
ii. Sabado v. Sabado, G.R. No. 214270, May 12, 2021
iii. Estacio v. Estacio, G.R. No. 211851, September 16, 2020
iv. Pavlow v. Mendenilla, G.R. No. 181489, April 19, 2017
v. Ruiz v. AAA, G.R. No. 231619. November 15, 2021
vi. Economic abuse: De Castro v. AAA, G.R. No. 219715.
December 06, 2021
vii. Sabado v. Sabado, G.R. No. 214270, May 12, 2021
d) Dating and sexual relationship
i. Ang v. CA, G.R. No. 182835, April 20, 2010
e) Conspiracy
i. Go-Tan v. Spouses Tan, G.R. No. 168852, September 30, 2008
27. Anti-Online Sexual Abuse or Exploitation of Children (OSAEC) and AntiChild Sexual Abuse or
Exploitation Materials (CSAEM) Act (RA 11930)
• Amended RA 9775 (Anti-Child Pornography Act of 2009) and
Section 4(c)(1) [should be 4(c)(2)] of RA 10175 (Cyber Child
Pornography)
a) Child, Child sexual abuse, sexual activity, CSEAM/CSAM, OSAEC,
ISA, grooming, pandering, luring (Sec. 3)
b) Prohibited Acts (Sec. 4)
c) Effect of Consent of the Victim (Sec. 5)
d) Syndicated and Large-Scale Violations (Sec. 6)
e) Safe Harbor Exception (Sec. 8)
f) Extra-Territorial Jurisdiction (Sec. 14)
g) Who May File a Complaint (Sec. 24)
16 | Page
h) Affidavit of Desistance (Sec. 25)
28. Anti-Hazing Act of 2018 (RA 8049 as amended by RA 11053)
a) Hazing, initiation rites (Sec. 2[a-b])
b) Prohibition on hazing (Sec. 3)
c) Who may be liable (Sec. 14)
i. Fuertes v. Senate of the Philippines, G.R. No. 208162,
January 07, 2020 (EB)
ii. Bartolome v. People, G.R. No. 227951, June 28, 2021
29. Special Protection of Children Against Abuse, Exploitation and
Discrimination Act (RA 7610 as amended by RA 11648)
• Amendments by RA 11648
a) Children, child abuse (Sec. 3[a-b])
i. People v. Larin, G.R. No. 128777, October 7, 1998
ii. Quimvel v. People, G.R. No. 214497, April 18, 2017 (EB)
b) Physical and psychological abuse
i. Rosaldes v. People, G.R. No. 173988, October 8, 2014
ii. Teacher’s physical maltreatment: Malcampo-Repollo v. People,
G.R. No. 246017, November 25, 2020
c) Child prostitution and other sexual abuse (Sec. 5)
i. Sec. 5(a): People v. Delantar, G.R. No. 169143, February 2,
2007; People v. Dulay, G.R. No. 193854, September 24, 2012
ii. 5(a) on procurer of child prostitute: Brozoto v. People, G.R.
No. 233420, April 28, 2021
iii. Acts of Lasciviousness, Rape and Sexual Assault under RPC
viz Sexual Intercourse and Lascivious Conduct under Sec.
5(b) of RA 7610: People v. Tulagan, G.R. No. 227363, March
12, 2019***
iv. Lascivious conduct under Sec. 5(b), guidelines: People v.
XXX, G.R. No. 226467, October 17, 2018
v. Sec. 5(b) viz rape by sexual assault: People v. Talib-og, G.R.
No. 238112, December 05, 2018; Ramilo v. People, G.R. No.
234841, June 03, 2019
vi. Sec. 5 viz rape: Malto v. People, G.R. No. 164733, September
21, 2007
vii. Failure to allege "exploited in prostitution or subjected to
other sexual abuse", effect: People v. Vañas, G.R. No. 225511,
March 20, 2019
viii. Rape, acts of lasciviousness and Sec. 5(b): Flordeliz v. People,
G.R. No. 186441, March 3, 2010
ix. When child abuse under Sec. 5(b), not Sec. 10(a): Escalante
v. People, G.R. No. 218970, June 28, 2017
x. "Dahil mahal kita?" case: Monroy v. People, G.R. No. 235799,
July 29, 2019
xi. XXX v. People, G.R. No. 243151, September 02, 2019
xii. Lascivious Conduct under Section 5(b) of RA 7610, Qualified
Rape, Acts of Lasciviousness under Article 336 of the Revised
Penal Code in relation to Section 5(b) of RA 7610: People v.
XXX, G.R. No. 233661, November 06, 2019
d) Attempt to commit child prostitution (Sec. 6)
e) Child trafficking (Sec. 7)
f) Attempt to commit child trafficking (Sec. 8)
17 | Page
g) Obscene publications and indecent shows (Sec. 9)
h) Other acts of neglect, abuse, cruelty or exploitation (Sec. 10)
i. 10(a) and Grave Oral defamation: Briñas v. People, G.R. No.
254005. June 23, 2021
ii. Masturbation visible to the child: De Vera v. People, G.R. No.
246231, January 20, 2021
iii. Light threats not Sec. 10(a): Escolano v. People, G.R. No.
226991, December 10, 2018
iv. Lack of intent to harm in Sec. 10(a) immaterial: Mabunot v.
People, G.R. No. 204659, September 19, 2016
v. Laying of hands: Bongalon v. People, G.R. No. 169533, March
20, 2013
vi. Defense of intent to commit physical injuries only,
untenable: Patulot v. People, G.R. No. 235071, January 07,
2019
30.Prohibition of Child Marriage Law (RA 11596)
a) Child, Child Marriage (Sec. 3)
b) Prohibited Acts (Sec. 4)
c) Public Crime (Sec. 5)
31.Anti-Enforced or Involuntary Disappearance Act of 2012 (RA 10353)
a) Enforced or involuntary disappearance (Sec. 3[b])
b) Order of Battle, not legal ground (Secs. 3[c], 5)
c) Punishable acts (Sec. 15)
32.Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act (RA 9344)
a) Punishable acts (Secs. 60-61)
IX. CRIMES AGAINST PERSONAL LIBERTY AND SECURITY
1. Art. 267 – Kidnapping and serious illegal detention
a) Deprivation of liberty
i. People v. Jacalney, G.R. No. 168552, October 3, 2011
ii. People v. Baluya, G.R. No. 181822, April 13, 2011
iii. People v. Sacayanan, G.R. No. L-15024, December 31, 1960
(EB)
b) Intent to deprive liberty
i. People v. Delim, G.R. No. 142773, January 28, 2003 (EB)
ii. People v. Estacio, Jr., G.R. NO. 171655, July 22, 2009 (EB)
iii. People v. Astor, G.R. No. 71765-66, April 29, 1987
iv. People v. Puno, G.R. No. 97471, February 17, 1993
v. People v. Nuguid, G.R. NO. 148991, January 21, 2004 (EB)
vi. People v. Villamar, G.R. No. 121175, November 4, 1998
c) When committed by public officer
i. People v. Gonzales, Jr., G.R. No. 192233, February 17, 2016
ii. People v. Borja, G.R. No. 199710, August 02, 2017
d) Special complex crime
i. People v. Mirandilla, Jr., G.R. No. 186417, July 27, 2011
ii. Mercado doctrine: People v. Mercado, G.R. No. 116239,
November 29, 2000 (EB)
iii. 5 victims, 5 counts: People v. Tadah, G.R. No. 186226,
February 1, 2012
iv. People v. Montanir, G.R. No. 187534, April 4, 2011
18 | Page
v. If attended by rape and homicide: People v. Larranaga, G.R.
Nos. 138874-75, January 31, 2006 (EB)
vi. People v. Elizalde, G.R. No. 210434, December 05, 2016
vii. People v. Lora, G.R. No. L-49430, March 30, 1982 (EB)
viii. When accompanied by attempted or frustrated homicide
only: People v. Roxas, G.R. No. 172604, August 17, 2010 (EB)
ix. People v. Lactao,G.R. No. 56768, October 29, 1993
e) Persons liable
i. People v. Galicia, G.R. No. 238911. June 28, 2021
ii. People v. Octa, G.R. No. 195196, July 13, 2015
iii. People v. Castro, G.R. No. 132726, July 23, 2002 (EB)
iv. People v. Licayan, G.R. Nos. 140900 & 140911, August 15,
2001 (EB)
v. People v. Gambao, G.R. No. 172707, October 1, 2013 (EB)
vi. People v. Garcia, G.R. Nos. 133489 & 143970, January 15,
2002 (EB)
vii. People v. Salvador, G.R. No. 201443, April 10, 2013
f) Demand for ransom
i. People v. Resurrecion, G.R. No. 248456, August 16, 2022
(EB)
ii. People v. Mamantak, G.R. NO. 174659, July 28, 2008 (EB)
iii. People v. Reyes, G.R. No. 178300, March 17, 2009
g) Other cases:
i. People v. Uyboco, G.R. No. 178039, January 19, 2011
ii. People vs. Baluya, G.R. No. 181822, April 13, 2011
iii. People v. Carreon, G.R. No. 229086, January 15, 2020
2. Art. 268 – Slight illegal detention
a) Voluntary release: People v. Pagalasan, G.R. Nos. 131926 &
138991, June 18, 2003 (EB)
3. Art. 269 – Unlawful arrest
a) Duropan v. People, G.R. No. 230825, June 10, 2020 (JL)
4. Art. 270 – Kidnapping and failure to return a minor
a) People v. Marquez, G.R. No. 181440, April 13, 2011
b) People v. Bernardo, G.R. No. 144316, March 11, 2002
c) Compared to Art. 267: People v. Mendoza, G.R. No. 67610, July 31,
1989
5. Art. 271 – Inducing a minor to abandon his home
6. Art. 272 – Slavery
7. Art. 273 – Exploitation of child labor
8. Art. 274 – Services rendered under compulsion in payment of debt
9. Art. 275 – Abandonment of persons in danger and abandonment of one’s
own victim
a) Lamera v. CA, G.R. No. 93475, June 5, 1991
10. Art. 276 – Abandoning a minor
11. Art. 277 – Abandonment of minor by person entrusted with his custody;
indifference of parents
12. Art. 278 – Exploitation of minors
13. Art. 279 – Additional penalties for other offenses
14. Art. 280 – Qualified trespass to dwelling
15. Art. 281 – Other forms of trespass
19 | Page
16. Art. 282 – Grave threats
a) Garma v. People, G.R. No. 248317. March 16, 2022
b) Reyes v. People, G.R. Nos. L-21528 and L-21529, March 28, 1969
(EB)
c) Compare People v. Medrano, G.R. No. L-24364, February 22, 1968
(EB) to Caluag v. People, G.R. NO. 171511, March 4, 2009
d) Without a condition (par 2): People v. Azurin, G.R. No. 249322.
September 14, 2021
e) When committed with Robbery with Rape: People v. Bueza, G.R. No.
242513, November 18, 2020
17. Art. 283 – Light threats
a) Batolanon v. Leorente, G.R. No. L-17994, August 31, 1963 (EB)
18. Art. 284 – Bond for good behavior
19. Art. 285 – Other light threats
20. Art. 286 – Grave coercions
a) Alejandro v. Bernas, G.R. No. 179243, September 7, 2011
b) Barbasa v. Tuquero, G.R. No. 163898, December 23, 2008
c) Navarra v. Office of the Ombudsman, G.R. No. 176291, December
4, 2009
21. Art. 287 – Light coercions
a) Maderazo v. People, G.R. No. 165065, September 26, 2006
b) People v. Baleros, Jr.,G.R. No. 138033, February 22, 2006
22. Art. 288 – Other similar coercions
23. Art. 289 – Formation, maintenance, and prohibition of combination of
capital or labor through violence or threats
24. Art. 290 – Discovering secrets through seizure of correspondence
25. Art. 291 – Revealing secrets with abuse of office
26. Art. 292 – Revelation of industrial secrets
27. Anti-Wiretapping Act (RA 4200)
a) Punishable acts (Secs. 1-2)
i. Gaanan v. IAC, G.R. No. L-69809, October 16, 1986
ii. Ramirez v. CA, G.R. No. 93833, September 28, 1995
b) Exception (Sec. 3)
c) Inadmissibility in evidence (Sec. 4)
X. CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY
1. Art. 293 – Who are guilty of robbery
2. Art. 294 – Robbery with violence against or intimidation of persons
a) People v. Basao, G.R. No. 128286, July 20, 1999 (EB)
b) Stages of robbery
i. People v. Barra, G.R. No. 198020, July 10, 2013
ii. People v. Amba, G.R. No. 140898, September 20, 2001
c) Special complex crime
i. Who may be victims: People v. Casabuena, G.R. No. 246580,
June 23, 2020
ii. No crime of robbery with sexual assault: People v. Barrera,
G.R. No. 230549, December 01, 2020 (EB)
iii. People v. Ladiana, G.R. No. 174660, May 30, 2011
iv. People v. Daniela, G.R. No. 139230, April 24, 2003 (EB)
v. People v. Diu, G.R. No. 201449, April 3, 2013
vi. People v. Daguman, G.R. No. 219116, August 26, 2020
20 | Page
vii. People v. Agaton, G.R. No. 251631, August 27, 2020
3. Art. 295 – Robbery with physical injuries, committed in an uninhabited
place and by a band, or with the use of firearm on a street, road or alley
4. Art. 296 – Definition of a band and penalty incurred by the members
thereof
5. Art. 297 – Attempted and frustrated robbery committed under certain
circumstances
6. Art. 298 – Execution of deeds by means of violence or intimidation
7. Art. 299 – Robbery in an inhabited house or public building or edifice
devoted to worship
a) Marquez v. People, G.R. No. 181138, December 3, 2012
b) People v. Saldua, G.R. No. L-40008, December 8, 1978
c) US v. Macamay, G.R. No. 11952. September 25, 1917 (EB)
8. Art. 300 – Robbery in an inhabited place and by a band
9. Art. 301 – What is an inhabited house, public building, or building
dedicated to religious worship and their dependencies
10. Art. 302 – Robbery in an uninhabited place or in a private building
11. Art. 303 – Robbery of cereals, fruits or firewood in an uninhabited place
or private building
12. Art. 304 – Possession of picklocks or similar tools
13. Art. 305 - False keys
14. Art. 306 – Who are brigands
a) PD No. 532
b) People v. Puno, G.R. No. 97471, February 17, 1993
15.Art. 307 – Aiding and abetting a band of brigands
16. Art. 308 – Who are liable for theft
a) No crime of frustrated theft: Valenzuela v. People, G. R. No. 160188,
June 21, 2007 (EB)
b) Subject of theft
i. Medina v. People, G.R. No. 182648, June 17, 2015
ii. Laurel v. Abrogar, G.R. No. 155076, February 27, 2006
iii. People v. Rodrigo, G.R. No. L-18507, March 31, 1966 (EB)
c) Taking
i. No taking with intent to gain: Horca v. People, G.R. No.
224316. November 10, 2021
ii. People v. Salvilla, G.R. No. 86163, April 26, 1990
d) Property belongs to another
i. Miranda v. People, G.R. No. 176298, January 25, 2012
e) Intent to gain
i. People v. Asamuddin, G.R. No. 213913, September 02, 2015
ii. Gaviola v. People, G.R. No. 163927, January 27, 2006
iii. People v. Bustinera, G.R. NO. 148233. June 8, 2004
f) a
17. Art. 309 – Penalties
18. Art. 310 – Qualified theft
a) If laborer only: Viray v. People, G.R. No. 205180, November 11, 2013
19. Art. 311 – Theft of the property of the National Library and National
Museum
20. Art. 312 – Occupation of real property or usurpation of real rights in
property
21 | Page
a) Castrodes v. Cubelo, G.R. No. L-47033, June 16, 1978
b) People v. Alfeche, Jr., G.R. No. 102070, July 23, 1992
21. Art. 313 – Altering boundaries or landmarks
22. Art. 314 – Fraudulent insolvency
23. Art. 315 – Swindling (estafa)
a) Through false pretense
i. Lopez v. People, G.R. No. 199294, July 31, 2013
ii. Joson v. People, G.R. NO. 178836, July 23, 2008
iii. Ambito v. People, G.R. NO. 127327, February 13, 2009
b) Through misappropriation
i. People v. Arambulo, G.R. No. 186597, June 17, 2015
ii. Tabaniag v. People, G.R. NO. 165411, June 18, 2009
iii. Murao v. People, G.R. NO. 141485, June 30, 2005
iv. Lim v. People, G.R. No. 102784, February 28, 1996
v. Tria v. People, G.R. No. 204755, September 17, 2014
vi. Asejo v. People, G.R. NO. 157433, July 24, 2007
vii. Chua-Burce v. CA, G.R. No. 109595, April 27, 2000
viii. Juridical vs physical possession: Benabaye v. People, G.R.
No. 203466, February 25, 2015; People v. Go, G.R. No.
191015, August 6, 2014; Aigle v. People, G.R. No. 174181,
June 27, 2012; Gamboa v. People, G.R. No. 188052, April 21,
2014
ix. Agency: Carganillo v. People, G.R. No. 182424, September
22, 2014; Velayo v. People, G.R. No. 204025, November 26,
2014
x. Use of middle man: Gabionza v. CA, G.R. No. 161057,
September 12, 2008; Cruzvale v. Eduque, G.R. Nos. 172785-
86, June 18, 2009; MERALCO v. Atilano, G.R. No. 166758,
June 27, 2012
xi. Sorongon v. People, G.R. No. 230669. June 16, 2021
c) Through issuance of bouncing check
i. People v. Wagas, G.R. No. 157943, September 04, 2013
d) Khitri v. People, G.R. No. 210192, July 04, 2016
e) Brokmann v. People, G.R. No. 199150, February 6, 2012
f) Lateo v. People, G.R. No. 161651, June 01,2011
g) People v. Montaner, G.R. No. 184053, August 31, 2011
h) People v. Cardenas, G.R. NO. 178064, February 10, 2009
i) Conviction for estafa does not bar conviction for illegal recruitment
under the Labor Code; prescribed penalty for estafa: People vs.
Temporada, G.R. No. 173473, December 17, 2008 (EB)
j) Ibanez v. People, G.R. No. 198932, October 09, 2019
k) Estafa through falsification of commercial document: Soriano v.
People, G.R. No. 240458, January 08, 2020
l) Cheng v. People, G.R. No. 207373. March 23, 2022 - second
element of 315(1)(b) not present; civil in nature only
24. Syndicated Estafa (PD 1689)
a) People v. Tibayan, G.R. Nos. 209655-60, January 14, 2015
b) Hao v. People, G.R. No. 183345, September 17, 2014
c) People v. Menil, Jr., G.R. No. 115054-66, September 12, 2000
d) People v. Romero, G.R. No. 112985, April 21, 1999
e) People v. Mateo, G.R. No. 210612, October 9, 2017
22 | Page
25. Art. 316 – Other forms of swindling
a) Spouses Tayament v. People, G.R. No. 246986, April 28, 2021
b) Estrellado-Mainar v. People,G.R. No. 184320, July 29, 2015
c) Naya v. Abing, G.R. No. 146770, February 27, 2003
26. Art. 317 – Swindling a minor
27. Art. 318 – Other deceits
a) Marcos v. People, G.R. No. 252839. November 10, 2021
b) Magalona v. People, G.R. No. 229332, August 27, 2020
c) Guinhawa v. People, G.R. NO. 162822, August 25, 2005
28. Art. 319 – Removal, sale or pledge of mortgage property
a) People v. Chupeco, G.R. No. L-19568. March 31, 1964 (EB)
29. Art. 320 – Destructive Arson
a) P.D. No. 1613
b) P.D. No. 1744
c) People v. Pugal, G.R. No. 229103, March 15, 2021
d) People v. Soriano, G.R. No. 142565, July 29, 2003
e) People v. Malngan, G. R. No. 170470, September 26, 2006 (EB)
f) People v. Macabando, G.R. No. 188708, July 31, 2013
g) People v. Murcia, G.R. No. 182460, March 9, 2010
h) People v. de Leon, G.R. NO. 180762, March 4, 2009
i) With death
i. People v. Al-Saad, G.R. No. 242414, March 15, 2021
ii. People v. Soria, G.R. No. 248372, August 27, 2020
iii. People v. Abayon, G.R. No. 204891, September 14, 2016
iv. People v. Jugueta, G.R. No. 202124, April 5, 2016
v. People v. Cedenio, G.R. No. 93485 June 27, 1994
vi. People v. Gaffud, Jr., G.R. NO. 168050, September 19, 2008
(EB)
30. Art. 327 – Who are liable for malicious mischief
a) Grana v. People, G.R. No. 202111, November 25, 2019
b) Taguinod v. People, G.R. No. 185833, October 12, 2011
31. Art. 328 – Special cases of malicious mischief
32. Art. 329 – Other mischief
33. Art. 330 – Damage and obstruction to means of communication
34. Art. 331 – Destroying or damaging statues, public monuments or
paintings
35. Art. 332 – Persons exempt from criminal liability
36. Anti-Cattle Rustling Law of 1974 (PD 533)
a) Large cattle (Sec. 2[a])
i. People v. Nazareno, G.R. No. L-40037, April 30, 1976
b) Cattle rustling (Sec. 2[c])
i. Pil-ey v. People, G.R. NO. 154941, July 9, 2007
ii. People v. Escarda, G.R. No. 120548, October 26, 2001
c) With violence or homicide (Sec. 8)
i. People v. Martinada, G.R. Nos. L-66401-03, February 13,
1991
37.Anti-Fencing Law of 1979 (PD 1612)
a) Fencing, fence (Sec. 2)
i. Estrella v. People, G.R. No. 212942, June 17, 2020
23 | Page
ii. Effect of RA 10951: Cahulogan v. People, G.R. No. 225695,
March 21, 2018
iii. Elements:
a. Dizon-Pamintuan v. People, G.R. No. 111426, July 11,
1994
b. Capili vs. CA, G.R. No. 139250, August 15, 2000
iv. Evidence of commission of theft: Tan v. People, G.R. No.
134298, August 26, 1999
v. Fencing of carnapped vehicle: Dimat v. People, G.R. No.
181184, January 25, 2012
b) Presumption of fencing (Sec. 5)
i. Lopez v. People, G.R. No. 249196, April 28, 2021
38.Bouncing Checks Law (BP 22)
a) Punishable acts (Sec. 1)
i. Gravamen, elements: Lim v. People, G.R. No. 130038,
September 18, 2000
ii. Distinguished from Estafa under Art. 315(2)(d), no double
jeopardy: Nierras v. Dacuycuy, G.R. Nos. 59568-76
January 11, 1990; Batac v. People, G.R. No.191622, June 6,
2018
iii. Two ways to violate BP 22: Wong v. CA, G.R. No. 117857,
February 2, 2001
iv. Continuing offense, jurisdiction: People v. Grospe, G.R. Nos.
L-74053-54, January 20, 1988
v. Reason for issuance irrelevant: Que v. People, G.R. No.
75217-18, September 21, 1987
vi. Warranty deposit: Magno v. CA, G.R. No. 96132, June 26,
1992
vii. Memorandum check: People v. Nitafan, G.R. No. 75954,
October 22, 1992
viii. Presentation of check in evidence NOT a condition sine qua
non for conviction: Arceo, Jr. v. People, G.R. No. 142641
July 17, 2006
b) Evidence of knowledge of insufficient funds (Sec. 2)
i. Consequence of payee's failure to present check for payment
within 90 days: Nagrampa v. People, G.R. No. 146211, August
6, 2002
c) Notice of dishonor
i. Ongkingco v. Sugiyama, G.R. No. 217787, September 18,
2019
ii. Proving service of notice: Resterio v. People, G.R. No. 177438,
September 24, 2012
iii. Notice in writing: Rico v. People, G. R. No. 137191, November
18, 2002
iv. Notice to officer, not to corporation: Marigomen v. People, G.R.
No. 153451, May 26, 2005
v. Cabrera v. CA, G.R. No. 150618, July 24, 2003
vi. Svendsen v. People, G.R. NO. 175381, February 26, 2008
vii. Payment within 5-day period from receipt of notice, a
complete defense: Sia v. People, G.R. No. 149695, April 28,
2004
24 | Page
viii. Testimony of bank representative anent dishonor of check
not required: Recuerdo v. People, G.R. No. 133036, January
22, 2003
d) Administrative Circular 12-2000 and Administrative Circular 13-
2001
i. Tan v. Mendez, Jr., G.R. No. 138669, June 6, 2002
ii. Subsidiary imprisonment applicable to BP 22 cases: Narte v.
CA, G.R. No. 132552, July 14, 2004
39. New Anti-Carnapping Act of 2016 (RA 10883)
a) Punishable acts (Secs. 3-4)
i. People v. Bustinera, G.R. NO. 148233, June 8, 2004
ii. When unlawful taking deemed complete: People v. Garcia,
G.R. No. 138470, April 1, 2003
iii. Intent to gain, not actual gain: People v. Donio, G.R. No.
212815, March 1, 2017
iv. Person divested of the vehicle need not be the owner: People
v. Garcia, G.R. No. 138470, April 1, 2003
b) Qualified Carnapping
i. People vs. SPO1 Lobitania, G. R. No. 142380, September 5,
2002
ii. People v. Lagat, G.R. No. 187044, September 14, 2011
iii. Carnapping with homicide: People v. Nocum, G.R. No.
179041, April 1, 2013; People v. Arcenal, G.R. No. 216015,
March 27, 2017; People v. Gonzales, G.R. No. 230909, June
17, 2019
40.Motorcycle Crime Prevention Act (R.A. No. 11235)
a) Registration by the Owner [Sec. 4]
b) Driving without a Number Plate or Readable Number Plate [Sec. 7]
c) Use of a Motorcycle in the Commission of Crime [Sec. 9]
d) Offenses related to Number Plate [Secs. 11-13]
41.Anti-Arson Law (PD 1613, as amended by PD 1744)
a) Simple Arson distinguished from Destructive Arson under Art. 320
of RPC
i. People v. Macabando, G.R. No. 188708, July 31, 2013
ii. People v. Soriano, G.R. No. 142565, July 29, 2003
iii. Simple arson and arson of inhabited house, distinguished:
Buebos v. People, G.R. No. 163938, March 28, 2008
b) Punishable acts (Secs. 1-5)
i. When homicide absorbed by arson: People v. Baluntong, G.R.
No. 182061, March 15, 2010
ii. Intent to conceal crime: People v. Cedenio, G.R. No. 93485,
June 27, 1994
c) Prima facie evidence of arson (Sec. 6)
i. Amora v. People, G.R. No. 154466, January 28, 2008
d) Conspiracy to commit arson (Sec. 7)
XI. CRIMES AGAINST CHASTITY
1. Art. 333 – Adultery
a) People v. Zapata, G.R. No. L-3047, May 16, 1951 (EB)
2. Art. 334 - Concubinage
25 | Page
3. Art. 336 - Acts of lasciviousness
a) People v. Dadulla, G.R. No. 172321, February 9, 2011
b) People v. Collado, G.R. Nos. 135667-70, March 1, 2001
c) Tibong v. People, G.R. No. 191000, September 15, 2010
d) People v. Bon, G.R. No. 166401, October 30, 2006 (EB)
e) People v. Rellota, G.R. No. 168103, August 3, 2010
4. Art. 337 – Qualified seduction
a) People v. Subingsubing, G.R. Nos. 104942-43, November 25, 1993
b) People v. Ramirez, G.R. No. L-30635-6, January 29, 1976
5. Art. 338 – Simple seduction
a) People v. Yap, G.R. No. L-25176, February 27, 1968 (EB)
b) Luansing v. People, G.R. No. L-23289, February 28, 1969 (EB)
c) People v. Fontanilla, G.R. No. L-25354, June 28, 1968 (EB)
6. Art. 339 – Acts of lasciviousness with the consent of the offended party
a) Dimakuta v. People, G.R. No. 206513, October 20, 2015 (EB)
7. Art. 340 – Corruption of minors
8. Art. 341 – White slave trade
9. Art. 342 – Forcible abduction
a) People v. Crisostomo, G.R. No. L-19034, February 17, 1923
b) People v. Jupiter Villanueva, G.R. No. 230723, February 13, 2019
c) People v. Egan, G.R. No. 139338, May 28, 2002
d) People v. Caraang, G.R. Nos. 148424-27, December 11, 2003
e) People v. De Lara, G.R. No. 124703, June 27, 2000
10. Art. 343 – Consented abduction
a) Perez v. CA, G.R. No. L-80838, November 29, 1988
b) U.S. v. Reyes, G.R. No. 9745, November 7, 1914 (EB)
c) People v. Amante, G.R. No. L-25604, December 6, 1926 (EB)
d) People v. Lee, G.R. No. 139070, May 29, 2002 (EB)
11. Art. 344 – Prosecution of crimes of adultery, concubinage, seduction,
abduction, rape, and acts of lasciviousness
a) People v. Zurbano, G.R. No. L-32673, February 22, 1971 (EB)
b) Benga-Oras v. Evangelista, G.R. No. L-8558, September 28, 1955
c) Dela Cruz, G.R. No. 135022, July 11, 2002
d) People v. Excija, G.R. No. 119069, July 5, 1996
e) People v. Villaruel, G.R. Nos. 133741-42, October 26, 2001
f) Valdepenas v. People, G.R. No. L-20687, April 30, 1966 (EB)
g) People v. Castel, G.R. No. 171164, November 28, 2008 (EB)
h) Rape as public crime: People v. Mariano, G.R. Nos. 135511-13,
November 17, 2000 (EB)
i) Pari delicto: Arroyo Jr v. CA, G.R. No. 96602, November 19, 1991
j) Consent and pardon: Alonte v. Savellano, Jr., G.R. No. 131652,
March 9, 1998 (EB); People v. Schneckenburger, G.R. No. L-48183,
November 10, 1941 (EB); People v. Alicante, G.R. Nos. 127026-27,
May 31, 2000 (EB); People v. Miranda, G.R. No. L-38171, October
6, 1932 (EB); Donio-Teves v. Vamenta, G.R. No. L-38308, December
26, 1984; People v. Sensano, G.R. No. L-37720, March 27, 1933
(EB); People v. Guinucud, G.R. No. L-38672, October 27, 1933 (EB);
Ligtas v. CA, G.R. No. L-47498, May 7, 1987; People v. Velasco, G.R.
No. L-28081, January 21, 1974
12. Art. 345 – Civil liability of persons guilty of crimes against chastity
26 | Page
13. Art. 346 – Liability of ascendants, guardians, teachers, or other persons
entrusted with the custody of the offended party
14. Expanded Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2012 (RA 9208 as amended
by RA 10364)
a) Acts of trafficking in persons (Sec. 4)
i. Elements of trafficking after amendment by RA 10364:
People v. Ramirez, G.R. No. 217978, January 30, 2019
ii. "Sir, sir, babae, sir" insufficient; testimony of victims
required: People v. Rodriguez, G.R. No. 211721, September
20, 2017
b) Attempted trafficking in persons (Sec. 4-A)
i. Maestrado v. People, G.R. No. 253629, September 28, 2022
c) Accomplice and accessories (Sec. 4-B&C)
d) Acts that promote trafficking in persons (Sec. 5)
i. Sec. 5(a): Planteras, Jr. v. People, G.R. No. 238889, October
03, 2018
e) Qualified trafficking in persons (Sec. 6)
i. Consent is not an element of the crime; Even prostitutes may
become liable for trafficking in persons; There was conspiracy
to commit trafficking in persons; RA 9208 does not require the
victim to actually be prostituted: Candy v. People, G.R. No.
223042, July 06, 2022
ii. Consent of minor not a defense; knowledge of minority
immaterial: People v. Bandojo, Jr.,G.R. No. 234161, October
17, 2018
iii. No "qualified" acts of promoting trafficking of persons: People
v. Sayo, G.R. No. 227704, April 10, 2019
iv. People v. Nangcas, G.R. No. 218806, June 13, 2018
v. Qualified trafficking through online show: People v. XXX and
YYY, G.R. No. 235652, July 09, 2018
f) As amended by RA 10364
i. Attempted Trafficking
ii. Liabilities of accomplices and accessories
iii. Effect of execution of affidavit of desistance
iv. Inadmissibility of Past Sexual Behavior, Reputation and
Consent of Victims
v. Extraterritorial Jurisdiction
15. Safe Spaces Act (RA 11313)
a) Gender-based Streets and Public Spaces Sexual Harassment (Secs.
4, 11)
b) Gender-based Online Sexual Harassment (Secs. 12, 14)
c) Qualified Gender-based Streets, Public Spaces and Online Sexual
Harassment (Sec. 15)
d) Gender-based Sexual Harassment in the Workplace (Sec. 16)
e) Gender-based Sexual Harassment in Education and Training
Institutions (Secs. 23-24)
16. Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995 (RA 7877)
a) Work, education, or training related sexual harassment (Sec. 3)
i. Domingo v. Rayala, G.R. No. 155831, February 18, 2008
ii. Jacutin v. People, G.R. No. 140604, March 6, 2002
27 | Page
iii. Escandor v. People, G.R. No. 211962, July 06, 2020
XII. CRIMES AGAINST THE CIVIL STATUS OF PERSONS
1. Art. 347 – Simulation of births, substitution of one child for another, and
concealment or abandonment of a legitimate child
a) Republic Act No. 11222 or Simulated Birth Rectification Act
2. Art. 348 – Usurpation of civil status
3. Art. 349 – Bigamy
a) Pulido v. People, G.R. No. 220149, July 27, 2021 (EB)
b) Conversion to other religion: Malaki v. People, G.R. No. 221075.
November 15, 2021
c) People v. Manuel, G.R. No. 165842, November 29, 2005
d) De Guzman v. People, G.R. No. 224742, August 07, 2019
4. Art. 350 – Marriage contracted against provisions of law
5. Art. 351 – Premature marriages (decriminalized by RA 10655)
6. Art. 352 – Performance of illegal marriage ceremony
a) Ronulo v. People, G.R. No. 182438, July 2, 2014
XIII. CRIMES AGAINST HONOR
1. Art. 353 – Definition of libel
a) Pre-Sullivan in Philippines
i. Policarpio v. Manila Times, G.R. No. L-16027, May 30, 1962
(EB)
ii. Lopez v. CA, G.R. No. L-26549, July 31, 1970 (EB)
iii. US v. Bustos, G.R. No. L-12592, March 8, 1918 (EB)
b) Sullivan Case: New York Times v. Sullivan, 376 U.S. 254 (1964)
c) Sullivan in Philippine Cases
i. Borjal v. CA, G.R. No. 126466, January 14, 1999
ii. Vasquez v. CA, G.R. No. 118971, September 15, 1999 (EB)
iii. Guinguing v. CA, G.R. No. 128959, September 30, 2005
iv. Soliven v. Makasiar, G.R. No. 82585, November 14, 1988
(EB)
v. Ayer Productions v. Capulong, G.R. No. 82380, April 29,
1988 (EB)
d) Reversion to Pre-Sullivan in Philippine Cases
i. Fermin v. People, G.R. NO. 157643, March 28, 2008
ii. Diaz v. People, G.R. NO. 159787, May 25, 2007
e) Other cases
i. Disini, Jr. v. Secretary of Justice, G.R. No. 203335, February
11, 2014 (EB)
ii. Manila Bulletin Publishing Corporation v. Domingo, G.R. No.
170341, July 05, 2017
iii. No malice: Philippine Daily Inquirer v. Enrile, G.R. No.
229440. July 14, 2021
iv. Tulfo v. People, GR. No. 187113, January 11, 2021
f) Proving identity of subject: Lastimosa v. People, G.R. No. 233577.
December 05, 2022
g) Jurisdiction
i. Tieng v. Judge Palacio-Alaras, G.R. No. 164845. July 13,
2021 (EB)
h) Administrative Circular No. 08-2008
28 | Page
i. Maglasang v. People, G.R. No. 248616, January 12, 2021
2. Art. 354 – Requirement for publicity
a) Belen v. People, G.R. No. 211120, February 13, 2017
b) Borjal v. CA, G.R. No. 126466, January 14, 1999
c) Buatis v. People, G.R. NO. 142509, March 24, 2006
d) Phlippine Journalists v. Thoenen, G.R. No. 143372, December 13,
2005
e) Tulfo v. People, G.R. No. 161032, September 16, 2008
3. Art. 355 – Libel by means of writings or similar means
a) Newspaper: Daquer v. People, G.R. No. 206015. June 30, 2021
4. Art. 356 - Threatening to publish and offer to prevent such publication for
a compensation
5. Art. 357 – Prohibited publication of acts referred to in the course of official
proceedings
6. Art. 358 – Slander
a) Pader v. People, G.R. No. 139157, February 8, 2000
b) Balite v. People, G.R. No. L-21475, September 30, 1966 (EB)
c) Villanueva v. People, G.R. No. 160351, April 10, 2006
d) De Leon v. People, G.R. No. 212623, January 11, 2016
e) People v. Gil, G.R. No. L-20398, October 31, 1968 (EB)
7. Art. 359 – Slander by deed
8. Art. 360 – Persons responsible
a) Foz v. People, G.R. No. 167764, October 9, 2009
b) Agbayani v. Sayo, G.R. No. L-47880, April 30, 1979
c) Bonifacio v. Regional Trial Court of Makati, G.R. No. 184800, May
5, 2010
d) Campita v. Villanueva, G.R. No. L-20228, November 28, 1964
e) People v. Orcullo, G.R. No. L-57103, January 30, 1982
9. Art. 361 – Proof of the truth
a) Vasquez v. CA, G.R. No. 118971, September 15, 1999 (EB)
b) Alonzo v. CA, G.R. No. 110088, February 1, 1995
c) Flor v. People, G.R. No. 139987, March 31, 2005
10.Art. 362 – Libelous remarks
11.Art. 363 – Incriminating innocent person
a) Campanano v. Datuin, G.R. No. 172142, October 17, 2007
b) Ventura v. Bernabe, G.R. No. L-26760, April 30, 1971 (EB)
c) People v. Alagao, G.R. No. L-20721, April 30, 1966 (EB)
12.Art. 364 – Intriguing against honor
XIV. QUASI-OFFENSES
1. Art. 365 – Imprudence and negligence
a) SAF case: Nacino v. Ombudsman, G.R. Nos. 234789-91, September
03, 2019 (EB)
b) Ivler v. San Pedro, G.R. No. 172716, November 17, 2010
c) Relate with Iver doctrine: Morales v. People, G.R. No. 240337.
January 04, 2022 (EB)
d) Doctrine of last clear chance: Ofracio v. People, G.R. No. 221981,
November 04, 2020
e) Valencia v. People, G.R. No. 235573, November 09, 2020
f) Villareal v. People, G.R. No. 151258, February 1, 2012
g) Villareal v. People, G.R. No. 151258, December 1, 2014 (MR)
h) Yapyuco v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. Nos. 120744-46, June 25, 2012
29 | Page
i) Solidum v. People, G.R. No. 192123, March 10, 2014
j) Cruz v. CA, G.R. No. 122445, November 18, 1997
k) Jarcia v. People, G.R. No. 187926, February 15, 2012
l) Buerano v. CA, G.R. No. L-30269, July 19, 1982
m) People v. City Court of Manila, G.R. No. L-36342, April 27, 1983
Ω
“To be gritty is to keep putting one foot in front of the other. To be gritty is to hold
fast to an interesting and purposeful goal. To be gritty is to invest, day after week
after year, in challenging practice. To be gritty is to fall down seven times, and rise
eight.” - Angela Lee Duckworth