Financial Reporting Financial Statement Analysis and Valuation 6th Edition Stickney Test Bank

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Chapter 1--Overview of Financial Reporting, Financial

Statement Analysis, and Valuation

Student: ___________________________________________________________________________

1. The tools for studying industry economics do not include

A. Value chain analysis
B. Classification using Porter’s five forces
C. Classification of cash flows
D. Economic attributes framework

2. Which of the following is a question an analyst would ask when assessing the quality of a firm’s financial
statements?
A. Are the company’s products designed to meet a specific market segment?
B. Has the firm integrated forward into retailing to final consumers?
C. Is the firm diversified across several geographical markets?
D. Do earnings include nonrecurring gains or losses?

3. Which of the following economic characteristics is consistent with a grocery store chain?
A. minimal competition
B. extensive competition
C. high net income to sales
D. differentiated product

4. On a common size basis, which of the following assets is normally largest for a electric utility?
A. Accounts receivable
B. Inventory
C. Property, Plant and Equipment
D. Cash and Marketable Securities

5. On a common size basis, which of the following assets is normally largest for a commercial bank?
A. Accounts and Notes Receivable
B. Inventory
C. Property, Plant and Equipment
D. Cash and Marketable Securities

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6. Which of the following is not one of Porter’s five forces?
A. Buyer Power
B. Supplier power
C. Threat of Regulation
D. Threat of Substitutes

7. When assessing buyer power using Porter’s five forces which of the following is not consistent with low
buyer power?
A. Brand loyalty
B. Control of distribution channel
C. Large number of suppliers
D. Low price

8. The second step in financial statement analysis is to identify the company strategy. Which of the following is
a question an analyst should ask when performing a strategy analysis?
A. Are industry sales growing rapidly or slowly?
B. Do earnings include revenues that appear mismatched with the business model employed by the firm?
C. Does the industry include a large number of firms selling similar products?
D. What is the company’s degree of geographical diversification?

9. The third step in financial statement analysis is to assess the quality of the firm’s financial statements. Which
of the following is a question an analyst should ask when performing this step?
A. Are industry sales growing rapidly or slowly?
B. Do earnings include revenues that appear mismatched with the business model employed by the firm?
C. Does the industry include a large number of firms selling similar products?
D. What is the company’s degree of geographical diversification?

10. An example of an intangible asset is

A. a patent
B. land
C. investment in another company
D. raw material inventory

11. Which of the following would not appear as a liability on the balance sheet?
A. a labor contract
B. a note due to a bank
C. salary due employees at year-end
D. accounts payable
12. Which of the following assets would appear on the balance sheet at an amount greatly below its fair market
value?
A. inventory
B. marketable securities
C. equipment
D. brand name

13. The accrual basis of accounting recognizes

A. revenue when cash is received from customers
B. expenses when paid
C. revenue when all or a substantial portion is performed
D. revenue when contracts are signed

14. Which of the following is not an activity reported in the cash flows financial statement?
A. operating
B. investing
C. manufacturing
D. financing

15. The accrual basis method of accounting can be best described as:
A. The recording of transactions and adjustments so that debits equal credits.
B. The method that equates assets with liabilities and owners’ equity.
C. The method that recognizes revenue when money is received.
D. The method that matches incurred expenses with related revenues when they are earned.

16. A value chain for an industry sets forth

A. the layers of management the needed to be successful
B. sequence of activities involved in the creation, manufacture and distribution of its products.
C. Sequence of activities involved in a firm's research and development activities.
D. Whether the industry is horizontally or vertically integrated.

17. Which of the following economic characteristics is consistent with a commercial bank?
A. Low barriers to entry.
B. High levels of research and development.
C. Low profit margin on lending activities.
D. Low profit margin on fee-based financial services, such as merger consulting.
18. Which of the following economic characteristics is consistent with a pharmaceutical company?
A. Low barriers to entry.
B. High levels of research and development.
C. Low profit margins.
D. Low business risk.

19. Which of the following economic characteristics is consistent with a grocery store chain?
A. Low barriers to entry.
B. High levels of research and development.
C. High profit margins.
D. Low capital intensity.

20. When attempting to identify the economic characteristics of the industry in which a particular firm
participates an analyst might ask which of the following questions?
A. Does technological change play an important role in the firm maintaining a competitive advantage?
B. Has the firm diversified across several geographic markets?
C. Has the firm recognized revenues at the proper time?
D. Has the firm structured transactions to make it look more profitable than economic conditions suggest?

21. Which of the following would not inhibit new entrants into a market?
A. Existing technological expertise.
B. Large required capital investment.
C. Lack of rivalry among current participants.
D. Existing patented technology.

22. Current assets are defined as

A. cash and cash equivalents.
B. all assets expected to be quickly used by the firm.
C. cash and other assets that the firm expects to sell or consume during the normal operating cycle of a business,
usually one year.
D. cash and other assets that the firm expects maintain for a period including the normal operating cycle of a
business, usually one year.

23. Which of the following is not an expense of a business?

A. Depreciation
B. Dividends
C. Salaries
D. Advertising
24. Which of the following is not a characteristic of an extraordinary item?
A. Material in amount.
B. Nonrecurring.
C. Unusual given the nature of the firm’s activities.
D. Requires a cash outflow.

25. Which of the following activities reported in the Statement of Cash Flows is a financing activity?
A. Repayment of outstanding debt.
B. Investing in equity securities of other companies.
C. Payment of dividends.
D. Issuing debt.

26. The tools of effective financial statement analysis are also useful for assessing whether to extend
____________________ to a firm, either for a short-term or for a long-term.
________________________________________

27. The first step in financial statement analysis is to identify the

__________________________________________________ of the industry in which a firm participates.
________________________________________

28. Another important step in financial statement analysis is to assess the quality of a firm’s
________________________________________ and if necessary adjust them for such characteristics as
sustainability or comparability.
________________________________________

29. The fourth step in financial statement analysis is using the financial statements to analyze the current
____________________ and ____________________ of the firm.
________________________________________

30. When identifying the strategies that a particular firm pursues to gain a competitive advantage it is important
to determine if its products are designed to meet the needs of a specific market segment or are they intended for
a _____________________________________________.
________________________________________
31. The ______________________________ sets forth the sequence of activities involved in the creation,
manufacture and distribution of its products and services.
________________________________________

32. The higher the value added from any activity, the higher should be the ____________________ from
engaging in that activity.
________________________________________

33. Normally, intense rivalries have a tendency to reduce ____________________.

________________________________________

34. The threat of new entrants is measured by whether there are entry barriers, such as capital investment,
________________________________________, patents, or regulation that inhibit new entrants.
________________________________________

35. The five economic attributes that are normally studied are demand, supply, manufacturing,
____________________ and investing and financing.
________________________________________

36. Obtaining a competitive advantage by being the first company to introduce new concepts or ideas is referred
to as ________________________________________.
________________________________________

37. Resources that have the potential for providing a firm with future economic benefits are called
____________________.
________________________________________

38. Assets that do not represent a claim to a fixed amount of cash are called ____________________ assets.
________________________________________

39. ____________________ assets include the rights established by law or contract to the future use of
property.
________________________________________
40. Labor contracts and purchase order commitments are examples of ____________________ contracts.
________________________________________

41. The residual interest in a company is referred to as ______________________________.

________________________________________

42. Under the ____________________ basis of accounting, a firm recognizes revenue when it performs all or a
substantial portion, of the services it expects to perform and receives either cash or a receivable.
________________________________________

43. ___________________________________ equals net income for a period plus or minus the changes in
shareholders’ equity accounts other than from net income and transactions with owners.
________________________________________

44. Statements that express all items in a particular financial statement as a percentage of some common base
are called _________________________ statements.
________________________________________

45. A firm obtains cash from short and long-term ____________________ and from issuing preferred and
_________________________.
________________________________________

46. The _____________________________________________ defines more clearly the explicit responsibility

of managers for financial statements, the relation between the independent auditor and the firm audited and the
kinds of services permitted and not permitted.
________________________________________

47. Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act ____________________ assumes responsibility for establishing and
maintaining adequate internal control structure and procedures.
________________________________________
48. Most financial statement analysis aims to assess a firm’s ____________________ and
____________________.
________________________________________

49. ___________________________________ financial statements are helpful in highlighting the relative

magnitude of changes in financial statement data from year to year.
________________________________________

50. Basic EPS is calculated as net income minus _____________________________________________

divided by the weighted average number of shares outstanding.
________________________________________

51. Firms intending to issue new bonds or capital stock file a ____________________ with the SEC that
describes the offering.
________________________________________

52. ______________________________ relates to the relative number of buyers and sellers in a particular
industry.
________________________________________

53. How easily can new firms enter a market is a question one might ask when assessing
_____________________________________________.
________________________________________

54. How easily can customers switch to substitute products is a question one might ask when assessing the
___________________________________.
________________________________________

55. Nonmonetary assets include assets that are ____________________, such as inventories, and assets that are
____________________ such as brand names.
________________________________________
56. What are the six interconnected activities related to financial statement analysis?

57. What is an industry’s value chain?

58. When assessing the threat of new entrants what questions might an analyst ask about an industry?

59. What three financial statements are prepared by business firms and what information does each provide?
60. Many people view the balance sheet as being a representation of a firm’s economic position. What are some
issues that reduce the quality of this representation?

61. Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act financial statements must include both a Management Assessment and an
Assurance Opinion. What information do the Management Assessment and an Assurance Opinion provide to
financial statement users?

62. What are three activities reported in the statement of cash flows and what information does each activity
provide?

63. What is comprehensive income?

64. What is the rationale for the statement of cash flows?

65. Many market participants argue that financial markets are efficient and that financial statement users cannot
routinely analyze financial statements to find mispriced securities. This view would lead some to suggest that
there is little value to financial statement analysis. Provide a discussion of the role of financial statement
analysis in an efficient capital market and reasons why financial statement analysis is still valuable.

66. Prepare an analysis of the automobile manufacturing industry using Porter’s five forces framework. For
each component force provide support for your conclusion. In addition, at the completion of your analysis
provide a conclusion, along with support, of whether you expect the automobile industry to report high or low
profitability in the near future.
67. Prepare an analysis of the grocery industry using Porter’s Five Forces framework. For each component
force provide support for your conclusion. In addition, at the completion of your analysis provide a conclusion,
along with support, of whether you expect the grocery industry to report high or low profitability in the near
future.
Chapter 1--Overview of Financial Reporting, Financial Statement
Analysis, and Valuation Key

1. The tools for studying industry economics do not include

A. Value chain analysis
B. Classification using Porter’s five forces
C. Classification of cash flows
D. Economic attributes framework

2. Which of the following is a question an analyst would ask when assessing the quality of a firm’s financial
statements?
A. Are the company’s products designed to meet a specific market segment?
B. Has the firm integrated forward into retailing to final consumers?
C. Is the firm diversified across several geographical markets?
D. Do earnings include nonrecurring gains or losses?

3. Which of the following economic characteristics is consistent with a grocery store chain?
A. minimal competition
B. extensive competition
C. high net income to sales
D. differentiated product

4. On a common size basis, which of the following assets is normally largest for a electric utility?
A. Accounts receivable
B. Inventory
C. Property, Plant and Equipment
D. Cash and Marketable Securities

5. On a common size basis, which of the following assets is normally largest for a commercial bank?
A. Accounts and Notes Receivable
B. Inventory
C. Property, Plant and Equipment
D. Cash and Marketable Securities
6. Which of the following is not one of Porter’s five forces?
A. Buyer Power
B. Supplier power
C. Threat of Regulation
D. Threat of Substitutes

7. When assessing buyer power using Porter’s five forces which of the following is not consistent with low
buyer power?
A. Brand loyalty
B. Control of distribution channel
C. Large number of suppliers
D. Low price

8. The second step in financial statement analysis is to identify the company strategy. Which of the following is
a question an analyst should ask when performing a strategy analysis?
A. Are industry sales growing rapidly or slowly?
B. Do earnings include revenues that appear mismatched with the business model employed by the firm?
C. Does the industry include a large number of firms selling similar products?
D. What is the company’s degree of geographical diversification?

9. The third step in financial statement analysis is to assess the quality of the firm’s financial statements. Which
of the following is a question an analyst should ask when performing this step?
A. Are industry sales growing rapidly or slowly?
B. Do earnings include revenues that appear mismatched with the business model employed by the firm?
C. Does the industry include a large number of firms selling similar products?
D. What is the company’s degree of geographical diversification?

10. An example of an intangible asset is

A. a patent
B. land
C. investment in another company
D. raw material inventory

11. Which of the following would not appear as a liability on the balance sheet?
A. a labor contract
B. a note due to a bank
C. salary due employees at year-end
D. accounts payable
12. Which of the following assets would appear on the balance sheet at an amount greatly below its fair market
value?
A. inventory
B. marketable securities
C. equipment
D. brand name

13. The accrual basis of accounting recognizes

A. revenue when cash is received from customers
B. expenses when paid
C. revenue when all or a substantial portion is performed
D. revenue when contracts are signed

14. Which of the following is not an activity reported in the cash flows financial statement?
A. operating
B. investing
C. manufacturing
D. financing

15. The accrual basis method of accounting can be best described as:
A. The recording of transactions and adjustments so that debits equal credits.
B. The method that equates assets with liabilities and owners’ equity.
C. The method that recognizes revenue when money is received.
D. The method that matches incurred expenses with related revenues when they are earned.

16. A value chain for an industry sets forth

A. the layers of management the needed to be successful
B. sequence of activities involved in the creation, manufacture and distribution of its products.
C. Sequence of activities involved in a firm's research and development activities.
D. Whether the industry is horizontally or vertically integrated.

17. Which of the following economic characteristics is consistent with a commercial bank?
A. Low barriers to entry.
B. High levels of research and development.
C. Low profit margin on lending activities.
D. Low profit margin on fee-based financial services, such as merger consulting.
18. Which of the following economic characteristics is consistent with a pharmaceutical company?
A. Low barriers to entry.
B. High levels of research and development.
C. Low profit margins.
D. Low business risk.

19. Which of the following economic characteristics is consistent with a grocery store chain?
A. Low barriers to entry.
B. High levels of research and development.
C. High profit margins.
D. Low capital intensity.

20. When attempting to identify the economic characteristics of the industry in which a particular firm
participates an analyst might ask which of the following questions?
A. Does technological change play an important role in the firm maintaining a competitive advantage?
B. Has the firm diversified across several geographic markets?
C. Has the firm recognized revenues at the proper time?
D. Has the firm structured transactions to make it look more profitable than economic conditions suggest?

21. Which of the following would not inhibit new entrants into a market?
A. Existing technological expertise.
B. Large required capital investment.
C. Lack of rivalry among current participants.
D. Existing patented technology.

22. Current assets are defined as

A. cash and cash equivalents.
B. all assets expected to be quickly used by the firm.
C. cash and other assets that the firm expects to sell or consume during the normal operating cycle of a
business, usually one year.
D. cash and other assets that the firm expects maintain for a period including the normal operating cycle of a
business, usually one year.

23. Which of the following is not an expense of a business?

A. Depreciation
B. Dividends
C. Salaries
D. Advertising
24. Which of the following is not a characteristic of an extraordinary item?
A. Material in amount.
B. Nonrecurring.
C. Unusual given the nature of the firm’s activities.
D. Requires a cash outflow.

25. Which of the following activities reported in the Statement of Cash Flows is a financing activity?
A. Repayment of outstanding debt.
B. Investing in equity securities of other companies.
C. Payment of dividends.
D. Issuing debt.

26. The tools of effective financial statement analysis are also useful for assessing whether to extend
____________________ to a firm, either for a short-term or for a long-term.
credit

27. The first step in financial statement analysis is to identify the

__________________________________________________ of the industry in which a firm participates.
economic characteristics

28. Another important step in financial statement analysis is to assess the quality of a firm’s
________________________________________ and if necessary adjust them for such characteristics as
sustainability or comparability.
financial statements

29. The fourth step in financial statement analysis is using the financial statements to analyze the current
____________________ and ____________________ of the firm.
profitability, risk

30. When identifying the strategies that a particular firm pursues to gain a competitive advantage it is important
to determine if its products are designed to meet the needs of a specific market segment or are they intended for
a _____________________________________________.
broader consumer market
31. The ______________________________ sets forth the sequence of activities involved in the creation,
manufacture and distribution of its products and services.
value chain

32. The higher the value added from any activity, the higher should be the ____________________ from
engaging in that activity.
profitability

33. Normally, intense rivalries have a tendency to reduce ____________________.

profitability

34. The threat of new entrants is measured by whether there are entry barriers, such as capital investment,
________________________________________, patents, or regulation that inhibit new entrants.
technological expertise

35. The five economic attributes that are normally studied are demand, supply, manufacturing,
____________________ and investing and financing.
marketing

36. Obtaining a competitive advantage by being the first company to introduce new concepts or ideas is referred
to as ________________________________________.
first mover advantage

37. Resources that have the potential for providing a firm with future economic benefits are called
____________________.
assets

38. Assets that do not represent a claim to a fixed amount of cash are called ____________________ assets.
nonmonetary

39. ____________________ assets include the rights established by law or contract to the future use of
property.
Intangible
40. Labor contracts and purchase order commitments are examples of ____________________ contracts.
executory

41. The residual interest in a company is referred to as ______________________________.

shareholders' equity

42. Under the ____________________ basis of accounting, a firm recognizes revenue when it performs all or a
substantial portion, of the services it expects to perform and receives either cash or a receivable.
accrual

43. ___________________________________ equals net income for a period plus or minus the changes in
shareholders’ equity accounts other than from net income and transactions with owners.
Comprehensive income

44. Statements that express all items in a particular financial statement as a percentage of some common base
are called _________________________ statements.
common-size or
common size

45. A firm obtains cash from short and long-term ____________________ and from issuing preferred and
_________________________.
borrowing, common stock

46. The _____________________________________________ defines more clearly the explicit responsibility

of managers for financial statements, the relation between the independent auditor and the firm audited and the
kinds of services permitted and not permitted.
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 or
Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002

47. Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act ____________________ assumes responsibility for establishing and
maintaining adequate internal control structure and procedures.
management
48. Most financial statement analysis aims to assess a firm’s ____________________ and
____________________.
profitability, risk

49. ___________________________________ financial statements are helpful in highlighting the relative

magnitude of changes in financial statement data from year to year.
Percentage change

50. Basic EPS is calculated as net income minus _____________________________________________

divided by the weighted average number of shares outstanding.
dividends on preferred stock

51. Firms intending to issue new bonds or capital stock file a ____________________ with the SEC that
describes the offering.
prospectus

52. ______________________________ relates to the relative number of buyers and sellers in a particular
industry.
Buyer power

53. How easily can new firms enter a market is a question one might ask when assessing
_____________________________________________.
threats of new entrants

54. How easily can customers switch to substitute products is a question one might ask when assessing the
___________________________________.
threat of substitutes

55. Nonmonetary assets include assets that are ____________________, such as inventories, and assets that are
____________________ such as brand names.
tangible, intangible
56. What are the six interconnected activities related to financial statement analysis?

1. Identify the economic characteristics of the industry in which a firm participates.

2. Identify the strategies that a particular firm pursues to gain and sustain a competitive advantage.
3. Assess the quality of a firm’s financial statements and, if necessary, adjust them for such desirable characteristics such as sustainability or
comparability.
4. Analyze the current profitability and risk of the firm using information in the financial statements.
5. Prepare forecasted financial statements.
6. Value the particular firm.

57. What is an industry’s value chain?

The sequence of activities involved in the creation, manufacture and distribution of its products and services.

58. When assessing the threat of new entrants what questions might an analyst ask about an industry?

1. How easily can new firms enter the market?

2. Do new firms require a large capital investment?
3. Do new firms require large amounts of technological expertise?
4. Does regulation inhibit new firms from entering the market?

59. What three financial statements are prepared by business firms and what information does each provide?

1. Balance sheet--Point in time reporting of assets, liabilities and stockholders’ equity.

2. Income statement--Measurement of operating performance for a period of time.
3. Statement of cash flows--The net cash flows for a period of time from the three business activities: operating, investing and financing.

60. Many people view the balance sheet as being a representation of a firm’s economic position. What are some
issues that reduce the quality of this representation?

1. Many valuable resources of a firm that generate cash flows, such as a patent, will only appear as assets if acquired, not when they are
internally developed.
2. Nonmonetary assets appear at acquisition cost, even though their current market values might exceed acquisition cost.
3. Certain rights to use resources and commitments to make future payments may not appear as assets and liabilities.
4. Noncurrent liabilities appear at the present value of expected cash flows discounted at an interest rate determined when the liability arose,
not at the current rate.
61. Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act financial statements must include both a Management Assessment and an
Assurance Opinion. What information do the Management Assessment and an Assurance Opinion provide to
financial statement users?

The Management Assessment makes explicit management’s responsibility for not only the financial statements
but for the underlying accounting and control system that generates the financial statements.

The Assurance Opinion is provided by the independent auditor and is included with the opinion on the fairness
of the amounts reported in the financial statements. The Assurance Opinion provides the auditor’s opinion on
the effectiveness of the internal control system.

62. What are three activities reported in the statement of cash flows and what information does each activity
provide?

1. Operating activities - Provides information on cash generated and used by a firm in its normal activities of selling goods and
providing services.
2. Investing activities - Provides information about the firm’s use of cash in the acquisition of long-lived productive assets and cash
provided by the disposal of long-lived productive assets. In addition, cash provided and used by investment in debt and equity
securities are included in this category.
3. Financing activities - Provides information about cash provided and used by short- and long-term borrowing and from issuing or
repurchasing capital stock. In addition, cash used for dividends is reported in this category.

63. What is comprehensive income?

Comprehensive income equals net income for a period plus or minus the changes in shareholders’ equity
accounts other than from net income and transactions with owners. Items affecting comprehensive income
include foreign currency translation adjustments, cash flow hedge accounting, minimum pension liability
adjustments and unrealized gains and losses from holding investment securities classified as available for sale.

64. What is the rationale for the statement of cash flows?

The statement of cash flows provides information on the sources and uses of cash. Even profitable firms
sometimes find themselves in need of cash and unable to pay suppliers, employees, and other creditors. This
may occur for two reasons:

1. The timing of cash receipts from customers does not necessarily coincide with the recognition of revenue, and the timing of cash
expenditures does not necessarily coincide with the recognition of expenses under the accrual basis of accounting.

Normally cash expenditures precede the recognition of expenses and cash receipts occur after the recognition of revenue.

2. The firm may need to acquire new property, plant, and equipment; retire outstanding debt; or reacquire shares of its common stock
when there is insufficient cash available.
65. Many market participants argue that financial markets are efficient and that financial statement users cannot
routinely analyze financial statements to find mispriced securities. This view would lead some to suggest that
there is little value to financial statement analysis. Provide a discussion of the role of financial statement
analysis in an efficient capital market and reasons why financial statement analysis is still valuable.

1. Even if markets are perfectly efficient, someone must do the analysis to bring about appropriate prices.
2. A finding that the market is efficient on average does not preclude temporary mispricing of securities. Financial analysis can identify
specific mispriced securities.
3. Research has shown that equity markets are not perfectly efficient, financial analysis has uncovered anomalies.
4. Financial analysis can adjust financial statements for the biases related to managers’ preference of job security and compensation.
5. Financial analysis is valuable outside to the equity capital markets.

66. Prepare an analysis of the automobile manufacturing industry using Porter’s five forces framework. For
each component force provide support for your conclusion. In addition, at the completion of your analysis
provide a conclusion, along with support, of whether you expect the automobile industry to report high or low
profitability in the near future.

Buyer Power--HIGH--It appears that consumers are sensitive to price as many manufacturers have similar
offerings in each auto product class. In addition, cars are a large part of most consumers budget. Working
against high buyer power is brand loyalty and control of the distribution channel.

Supplier Power--LOW--Given auto makers size it is likely that these companies exert significant influence over
suppliers, leading to low supplier power.

Rivalry among existing firms--HIGH--There is intense rivalry among auto firms, which is evidenced by heavy
advertising. In addition, the market is mature so additional market share must come from other competitors
leading to intense competition.

Threat of new entrants--MEDIUM--While entirely new auto companies are rare, non-U.S. companies entering
the U.S. market is more common. Kia and Hyundai are companies that have recently started competing in the
U.S. market.

Threat of substitutes--MEDIUM/LOW--It is doubtful that many U.S. consumers are going to switch to mass
transit or bicycles due to the logistics of the U.S., however one threat to auto manufacturers is used cars. As cars
become more reliable and longer lasting many consumers may switch from purchasing new cars to used.
Financial Reporting Financial Statement Analysis and Valuation 6th Edition Stickney Test Bank
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67. Prepare an analysis of the grocery industry using Porter’s Five Forces framework. For each component
force provide support for your conclusion. In addition, at the completion of your analysis provide a conclusion,
along with support, of whether you expect the grocery industry to report high or low profitability in the near
future.

Suggested solution:

You may want to have students think about grocery chains different strategies. For example, Wal-Mart and
Kroger’s seem to be attempting to be the low cost providers (fewer brand choices, less service, less attractive
stores), while Whole Foods and Harris Teeter are attempting to be full service providers (many brands, nicer
looking stores, more services).

Here is a suggested solution for the Wal-mart/Kroger grocery segment:

Buyer Power--HIGH--It appears that consumers are sensitive to price as many grocery chains have similar
offerings in each grocery chain. There is a high level of discounting so consumers do not appear to be brand
loyal. However, many grocery chains offer additional discounts to frequent buyers or members which increase
brand loyalty.

Supplier Power--MEDIUM to LOW--Given that there are fewer grocery chains, due to consolidation and
bankruptcies it is likely that these companies exert more and more influence over suppliers, leading to low
supplier power.

Rivalry among existing firms--HIGH--There is intense rivalry among grocery chains, which is evidenced by
heavy advertising and discounting/coupons. In addition, the market is mature so additional market share must
come from other competitors leading to intense competition.

Threat of new entrants--MEDIUM--There have been very few new U.S. grocery chains started, however there
does appear to be more non-U.S. companies entering the U.S. market. Ahold, Tesco and Aldi are foreign
companies that have recently started competing in the U.S. market.

Threat of substitutes--MEDIUM/LOW--With the rise of the Whole Foods segment many consumers are going
upscale to obtain better services in exchange for higher prices. The general state of the economy plays an
important role in how substitutes are viewed when examining the Wal-Mart/ Kroger segment of the grocery
industry.

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