Arteries to Brain and Meninges

See also Plates 41, 64, 148

Left middle meningeal artery Middle cerebral artery

Posterior cerebral artery Anterior cerebral artery

Superior cerebellar artery Anterior communicating artery

Basilar artery Ophthalmic artery

Left labyrinthine
(internal acoustic) artery Posterior
communicating
Mastoid branch of artery
left occipital artery
Cavernous sinus
Anterior inferior
cerebellar artery Middle
meningeal
Posterior meningeal artery
branch of left ascending
pharyngeal artery

Posterior inferior
cerebellar artery

Left and right Maxillary

vertebral arteries artery
(intracranial part)
Superficial
Posterior meningeal temporal
branch of vertebral artery
artery
External
Anterior meningeal carotid
branch of vertebral artery artery

Posterior auricular artery Facial artery

Occipital artery Lingual artery

Internal carotid artery Ascending pharyngeal artery

Carotid sinus
Superior laryngeal artery
Carotid body
Superior thyroid artery
Vertebral artery
(cervical part)
Common carotid artery
Transverse process of C6
Inferior thyroid artery
Deep cervical artery

Supreme intercostal Thyrocervical trunk

artery

Costocervical trunk Brachiocephalic trunk

Subclavian artery

Plate 147 Cerebral Vasculature

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 Internal Carotid Artery in Petrous Part of Temporal Bone 2
See also Plates 147, 150

Inferior hypophyseal artery Superior hypophyseal arteries

Posterior communicating artery Right optic nerve (CN II)

Optic chiasm
Cerebral part of internal carotid artery
Anterior cerebral arteries (A2 segments)
Anterior choroidal artery
Anterior communicating artery
Anterolateral central
(lenticulostriate) arteries Medial frontobasal (medial
Middle cerebral artery orbitofrontal) artery
and branches
Long medial striate artery
(recurrent artery of Heubner)

Anterior cerebral
artery (A1 segment)

Posterior Ophthalmic
cerebral artery
artery
(P2
segment)
Left
optic
Tentorial nerve
branch (of (CN II)
meningo-
hypophyseal
trunk)

Sphenoidal
sinus
Meningo-
hypophyseal Dorsal
trunk meningeal
artery
Caroticotympanic
artery

Recurrent artery of
foramen lacerum

Meningeal branch
Middle meningeal artery

Petrous part of internal carotid artery

Artery to inferior cavernous
sinus (inferolateral trunk) and
Cervical part of internal carotid artery branch to superior orbital fissure

Branch to foramen ovale Artery of pterygoid canal

Branch to foramen spinosum Cavernous part of internal carotid artery

Internal to external
carotid artery anastomosis Branch to foramen rotundum

Cerebral Vasculature Plate 148

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 Arteries to Brain: Schema

Anterior cerebral artery Anterior communicating artery

1
Middle cerebral artery Ophthalmic artery

Supraorbital artery
Posterior communicating artery
Supratrochlear artery
Caroticotympanic artery 2
3 3 Lacrimal artery
from internal carotid artery 3
1
External nasal artery
Posterior cerebral artery
Middle meningeal artery
Superior cerebellar artery 3
Angular artery
Anterior tympanic artery
1 Superficial temporal artery
Middle meningeal artery 1
Posterior auricular artery
4
Maxillary artery Facial artery
5 5 Occipital artery
Basilar artery 4
Lingual artery
Anterior inferior
cerebellar artery 5 5 Ascending pharyngeal artery

Posterior inferior 5 Anterior spinal artery

cerebellar artery
Segmental
medullary arteries
External carotid artery 5
Vertebral artery
Internal carotid artery 5
Common carotid artery
Superior thyroid artery Deep cervical artery
5
Common carotid artery Transverse cervical artery
Suprascapular artery
Vertebral artery
Supreme intercostal artery
Ascending cervical artery
Costocervical trunk
Inferior thyroid artery

Thyrocervical trunk
Subclavian artery
Subclavian artery Internal thoracic artery

Brachiocephalic trunk

Anastomoses
Arch
1 Right–Left
Aorta Descending 2 Carotid–Vertebral
Ascending 3 Internal carotid–External carotid
4 Subclavian–Carotid
5 Subclavian–Vertebral

Plate 149 Cerebral Vasculature

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 Arteries of Brain: Inferior Views 2
See also Plate 148

Medial frontobasal (orbitofrontal) artery

Anterior communicating artery
Anterior cerebral artery
Long medial striate artery
(recurrent artery of Heubner)
Internal carotid artery
Anterolateral central (lenticulostriate) arteries
Middle cerebral artery
Lateral frontobasal (orbitofrontal) artery
Prefrontal artery
Anterior choroidal artery
Posterior communicating artery
Posterior cerebral artery
Superior cerebellar artery
Basilar artery
Pontine arteries

Labyrinthine artery

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery

Vertebral artery
Anterior spinal artery
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (cut)
Posterior spinal artery

Cerebral arterial
circle (of Willis)
Long medial striate artery (broken line)
(recurrent artery of Heubner)
Anterior communicating artery
Anterior cerebral artery
Middle cerebral artery
Posterior communicating artery
Anterior choroidal artery
Optic tract
Posterior cerebral artery
Cerebral crus
Lateral geniculate body
Posterior medial choroidal artery
Posterior lateral choroidal artery
Choroid plexus of lateral ventricle
Medial geniculate body
Pulvinar of thalamus
Lateral ventricle

Cerebral Vasculature Plate 150

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 Cerebral Arterial Circle (of Willis)

Long medial striate artery

Vessels dissected out: inferior view (recurrent artery of Heubner)
Anterior cerebral artery Anteromedial central (perforating)
(A2 segment) arteries
Anterior communicating artery
Anterior cerebral artery
(A1 segment)
Anterolateral central
Ophthalmic artery (lenticulostriate) arteries

Internal carotid artery

Middle cerebral artery

Superior hypophyseal artery
Posterior communicating artery Inferior hypophyseal artery

Anterior choroidal artery

Posterior cerebral artery
(P2 segment) Thalamotuberal artery
(P1 segment)

Posteromedial central
Superior cerebellar artery (perforating) arteries

Basilar artery Thalamoperforating artery

Pontine arteries Posteromedial central

(paramedian) arteries

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery Labyrinthine artery

Vertebral artery

Vessels in situ: inferior view

Anterior cerebral artery Anterior communicating artery

Optic chiasm
Hypothalamic artery
Cavernous sinus
Internal carotid artery
Infundibulum and portal
veins of hypophysis

Anterior lobe (adenohypophysis)

Middle cerebral artery of pituitary gland

Inferior hypophyseal artery Posterior lobe (neurohypophysis)

of pituitary gland
Posterior communicating artery Posteromedial central
(perforating) arteries
Efferent hypophyseal veins
Superior cerebellar artery
Posterior cerebral artery
Basilar artery

Plate 151 Cerebral Vasculature

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 Arteries of Brain: Frontal View and Section 2

Corpus callosum Paracentral artery

Medial frontal branches
Anterolateral central
(lenticulostriate) arteries Pericallosal artery
Lateral frontobasal Callosomarginal artery
(orbitofrontal) artery
Frontopolar artery
Prefrontal artery
Anterior cerebral
arteries
Arteries of precentral
and central sulcus Medial frontobasal
(orbitofrontal) artery
Artery of postcentral
sulcus (anterior parietal Long medial striate
artery) artery (recurrent
artery of Heubner)
Posterior parietal Internal carotid
artery artery
Artery to Anterior choroidal
angular gyrus artery
Temporal branches Posterior cerebral
(anterior, middle, artery
and posterior)
Superior cerebellar artery
Middle cerebral artery
and branches Basilar and pontine arteries
(deep in lateral cerebral
[sylvian] sulcus) Labyrinthine artery

Anterior communicating artery

Vertebral artery
Posterior communicating artery
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) Anterior spinal artery
Posterior spinal artery
Falx cerebri

Callosomarginal arteries
Corpus striatum and
(caudate and lentiform nuclei) Pericallosal arteries
(branches of anterior
Anterolateral central cerebral arteries)
(lenticulostriate) arteries
Trunk of corpus callosum
Insula (island of Reil)
Internal capsule
Arteries of precentral
and central sulcus Septum pellucidum
and parietal arteries
Rostrum of corpus callosum
Lateral (sylvian) sulcus
Anterior cerebral arteries
Temporal branches of
middle cerebral artery Long medial striate artery
(recurrent artery of Heubner)
Temporal lobe
Anterior communicating artery
Middle cerebral artery
Optic chiasm
Internal carotid artery

Cerebral Vasculature Plate 152

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 Arteries of Brain: Lateral and Medial Views

Artery of postcentral sulcus (anterior parietal artery) Posterior parietal artery

Artery of central sulcus Artery to angular gyrus

Artery of precentral sulcus

Cortical branches
of posterior cerebral
Prefrontal artery
artery

Terminal branches of
anterior cerebral
artery

Lateral frontobasal
(orbitofrontal) artery

Left middle
cerebral artery

Left anterior
cerebral artery
Occipitotemporal
Anterior communicating artery branches

Right anterior cerebral artery Posterior temporal artery

Middle temporal artery
Left internal carotid artery
Superior and inferior cortical parts
Polar temporal artery Anterior temporal artery

Paracentral artery
Posterior Pericallosal artery
Medial
frontal Cingular branches
Intermediate
branches Right posterior cerebral artery
Anterior
Precuneal artery
Callosomarginal
Dorsal branch
artery
to corpus callosum
Parietooccipital branch
Frontopolar artery
Calcarine branch
Right anterior
cerebral artery

Medial fronto-
basal (orbito-
frontal) artery

Anterior
communicating artery (cut)
Medial occipital artery
Long medial striate artery Posterior temporal artery
(recurrent artery of Heubner)
Anterior temporal artery
Right internal carotid artery Posterior communicating artery

Plate 153 Cerebral Vasculature

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 Arteries of Posterior Cranial Fossa 2

Thalamogeniculate arteries Lateral and medial geniculate bodies of left thalamus

Anterior choroidal artery Choroid plexuses of lateral ventricles

Columns of fornix Left and right pulvinar

Splenium of corpus callosum
Anterolateral central
(lenticulostriate) arteries Occipital (posterior) horn of right lateral ventricle
Heads of caudate nuclei Right dorsal branch to corpus callosum
(posterior pericallosal artery)
Septum pellucidum
Parietooccipital Branches of
Corpus callosum right posterior
Calcarine cerebral artery
Anterior
cerebral arteries
Longitudinal
cerebral
fissure

Superior
colliculi

Superior
vermian
Optic nerve (CN II) branch
IV
Ophthalmic artery III Posterior medial
V choroidal artery
Anterior
cerebral artery to choroid plexus
of 3rd ventricle
Middle VIII
cerebral artery Posterior lateral
choroidal artery
Posterior VII
communicating artery VI Lateral (marginal) branch
IX
Thalamoperforating arteries
X Inferior vermian artery
Left internal carotid artery (phantom)
XI
Basilar artery Choroidal branch to 4th ventricle
(phantom) and
Pontine arteries Cerebellar tonsillar branch
Labyrinthine artery of posterior inferior cerebellar artery

Posterior cerebral artery Outline of 4th ventricle (broken line)

Superior cerebellar artery Posterior meningeal branch of vertebral artery
Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
Anterior meningeal branch of vertebral artery
Left posterior spinal artery
Temporal branches of posterior cerebral artery
Left vertebral artery
Anterior spinal artery

Cerebral Vasculature Plate 154

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 Veins of Posterior Cranial Fossa

Left superior and inferior colliculi Left pulvinar

Basal vein (of Rosenthal) Right pulvinar
Posterior mesencephalic vein Internal cerebral veins
Medial geniculate body Splenium of corpus callosum
Lateral Great cerebral vein (of Galen)
mesencephalic vein Dorsal vein of corpus callosum
Lateral geniculate body Inferior sagittal sinus
Left thalamus Straight sinus
(cut surface)
Falx cerebri
Optic tract Confluence of sinuses
Tentorium
Inferior thalamo- cerebelli (cut) Left transverse
striate veins sinus (cut)
Deep middle
cerebral Superior
vein (cut) sagittal
sinus
Anterior
cerebral
vein
Optic
nerve (CN II)

Oculo-
motor
nerve C
(CN III) C
CL D
Trochlear F
nerve L
(CN IV)
TU
Superior
vermian
N P vein
U Inferior
vermian vein
Anterior ponto- Falx cerebelli (cut)
mesencephalic vein T and occipital sinus
Inferior cerebellar
Trigeminal nerve (CN V) hemispheric veins
Transverse pontine vein Intraculminate vein
Petrosal vein (draining Superior cerebellar vein (inconstant)
to superior petrosal sinus)
Preculminate vein
Lateral pontine vein Precentral cerebellar vein
Anteromedian medullary vein Superior retrotonsillar vein
(Inferior retrotonsillar) Parts of cerebellum
Vein of lateral recess of 4th ventricle
vein of cerebellomedullary
C Culmen N Nodule
Superior, middle, and cistern
CL Central lobule P Pyramid
inferior cerebellar peduncles Posterior spinal vein D Declive T Tonsil
4th ventricle with F Folium TU Tuber
Anterior spinal vein L Lingula U Uvula
choroid plexus

Plate 155 Cerebral Vasculature

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 Deep Veins of Brain 2
For superficial veins of brain see Plate 122

Longitudinal cerebral fissure

Anterior cerebral veins and arteries
Rostrum of corpus callosum
Septum pellucidum
Vein of septum pellucidum
Head of caudate nucleus
Anterior vein of caudate nucleus
Transverse veins of caudate nucleus
Interventricular foramen (of Monro)
Columns of fornix
Superior thalamostriate vein
Superior choroid vein and
choroid plexus of lateral ventricle
Thalamus
Tela choroidea of 3rd ventricle
Lateral direct vein
Posterior vein of caudate nucleus
Internal cerebral veins
Basal vein (of Rosenthal)
Great cerebral vein (of Galen)
Inferior sagittal sinus
Straight sinus
Tentorium cerebelli
Transverse sinus
Confluence of sinuses
Superior sagittal sinus

Superior view

Uncal vein

Anterior cerebral vein

Superficial middle cerebral vein
(draining to sphenoparietal sinus) Optic chiasm
Deep middle cerebral vein

Cerebral crus

Basal vein (of Rosenthal)

Lateral geniculate body Inferior
cerebral
Medial geniculate body veins

Pulvinar of thalamus
Splenium of corpus callosum

Great cerebral vein (of Galen) Inferior

anastomotic
vein (of Labbé)

Inferior view

Cerebral Vasculature Plate 156

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 Subependymal Veins of Brain

Posterior veins of septum pellucidum Lateral direct vein

Superior thalamic veins Posterior terminal vein of caudate nucleus
(posterior part of thalamostriate vein)
Superior choroid vein
Internal cerebral veins (right and left)
Transverse veins of caudate nucleus
Medial vein of lateral ventricle
Superior thalamostriate vein
Lateral vein of lateral ventricle
Lateral ventricle
Splenium of corpus callosum
Anterior vein of
caudate nucleus Great cerebral vein
(of Galen)
Vein of
septum pellucidum Dorsal vein of corpus
callosum
Genu of
corpus Inferior sagittal
callosum sinus
Internal
occipital vein
Straight sinus
Occipital
(posterior)
horn of
lateral
ventricle

Interventricular
foramen (of Monro)

Anterior commissure

Interthalamic adhesion

Anterior cerebral vein

Optic chiasm
Cerebellum
3rd ventricle

Deep middle cerebral vein

Inferior thalamostriate veins

Basal vein (of Rosenthal)

Temporal (inferior) horn of lateral ventricle

Posterior mesencephalic vein Superior vermian vein

Hippocampal and inferior ventricular veins

Cerebral aqueduct
Veins on lateral wall of ventricle
4th ventricle
Veins on medial wall and floor of ventricle
Lateral and median apertures of 4th ventricle All other veins

Plate 157 Cerebral Vasculature

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 Hypothalamus and Hypophysis 2
See also Plate 117

Septum pellucidum

Thalamus

Fornix

Interthalamic adhesion
Hypothalamic sulcus
Anterior commissure

Paraventricular
Posterior

Principal Dorsomedial
nuclei of Supraoptic
hypothalamus
Ventromedial
Arcuate
(infundibular)
Mammillary body
Mammillothalamic tract
(of Vicq d’Azyr)
Optic chiasm Cerebral aqueduct
Dorsal longitudinal
Infundibulum fasciculus and other
descending pathways
Hypophysis (pituitary gland)

Lamina terminalis Hypothalamic

sulcus
Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus

Supraoptic hypothalamic nucleus

Supraopticohypophyseal tract

Tuberohypophyseal tract
Mammillary
Hypothalamohypophyseal tract body

Infundibulum
Arcuate (infundibular) nucleus

Pars tuberalis
Median eminence
of tuber cinereum
Anterior lobe Fibrous trabecula
(adenohypophysis) Posterior lobe
Pars intermedia Infundibular
of pituitary gland stem (neurohypophysis)
of pituitary gland
Pars distalis
Infundibular
process
Cleft

Cerebral Vasculature Plate 158

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 Cranial Imaging (MRA and MRV)

Magnetic resonance
angiography (MRA)
at level of circle of Anterior cerebral artery
Willis (3D time-of- (A1 segment)
flight image without
contrast)
Anterior cerebral artery
(A2 segment)
Middle cerebral artery
Middle cerebral artery (M1 segment)
(M2 segments)

Anterior
communicating artery
Posterior
Internal carotid artery communicating
artery
Superior cerebellar
artery Posterior cerebral
artery
Anterior inferior
Basilar artery cerebellar artery

Magnetic resonance
venography (MRV) (2D
time-of-flight image
without contrast)
Superior cerebral vein
Superior sagittal sinus

Internal cerebral vein

Great cerebral vein
(of Galen)
Straight sinus

Confluence of sinuses
Transverse sinus

Sigmoid sinus

Internal jugular vein

Plate 159 Regional Imaging

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 Cranial Imaging (MRI) 2
T1-weighted MRI, sagittal view

Body of corpus callosum

Genu and rostrum
of corpus callosum
Splenium of corpus callosum
Mammillary body 3rd ventricle
Optic chiasm
Cerebral aqueduct
Infundibulum Tectum
Crista galli Midbrain
Pituitary gland Cerebellum
Sphenoidal sinus 4th ventricle
Clivus Pons
Nasopharyngeal adenoid Medulla oblongata
Hard palate Anterior arch of atlas (C1)
Soft palate Axis (C2) vertebral body
Tongue Cervical spinal cord

T2-weighted, MRI axial views

without contrast

Eyeball
Ethmoidal cells

Sphenoidal sinus
Internal carotid artery Temporal lobe
Trigeminal cave
Basilar artery
Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Pons
Middle cerebellar peduncle
4th ventricle
Cerebellum

Gray matter (cortex)

White matter Longitudinal cerebral fissure
Head of caudate nucleus
Anterior limb of internal capsule Genu of corpus callosum
External capsule Frontal horn of lateral ventricle

Putamen of lentiform nucleus Interventricular foramen (of Monro)

3rd ventricle
Genu of internal capsule
Posterior limb of internal capsule
Occipital horn of lateral ventricle

Thalamus Splenium of corpus callosum

Regional Imaging Plate 160

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