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SAS Interview Questions
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Contents
SAS Interview Questions for Freshers

1. Why choose SAS over other data analytical tools?
2. What are the essential features of SAS?
3. Write down some capabilities of SAS Framework.
4. What is the use of Retain in SAS?
5. What is PDV (Program Data Vector)?
6. State difference between Missover and Truncover in SAS.
7. What do you mean by the Scan function in SAS and write its usage?
8. Consider the following expression stored in the variable address: 9/4 Infantry
Marg Mhow CITY, MP, 453441
9. Explain what is first and last in SAS?
10. What is the meaning of STOP and OUTPUT statements in SAS?
11. State the difference between using the drop = data set option in the set
statement and data statement.
12. Name different data types that SAS support.
13. What do you mean by the "+" operator and sum function?
14. Explain _N_ and _ERROR_ in SAS.
15. What are different ways to exclude or include specific variables in a dataset?
16. What are some common mistakes that people make while writing programs in
SAS?
SAS Interview Questions for Experienced

17. What do you mean by SAS Macros and why to use them?
18. Write different ways to create micro variables in SAS Programming?
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SAS Interview Questions for Experienced (.....Continued)
19. Explain how %Let and macro parameters can be used to create micro variables
in SAS programming?
20. Name some SAS system options that are used to debug SAS Micros.
21. State the difference between PROC MEANS and PROC SUMMARY.
22. What do you mean by functions and procedures in SAS?
23. Identify the error in the following code.
24. Explain what you mean by SYMGET and SYMPUT.
25. What is the importance of the Tranwrd function in SAS.
26. How do you specify the number of iterations and specific conditions within a
single do loop?
27. Explain the usage of trailing @@.
28. Explain different ways to remove duplicate values in SAS.
29. What do you mean by NODUP and NODUPKEY options and write difference
between them?
30. Name the command used for sorting in SAS programs?
31. Explain what is INPUT and INFILE Statement.
32. What do you mean by %Include and %Eval?

Let's get Started
Many of us wonder 'what is SAS?', but in order to answer this question, we must first
understand why SAS was developed in the first place. SAS (Statistical Analytics
System) was developed as a means of handling tons of data generated each day in a
systematic and organized manner. Its primary task is to create and analyze data
followed by making strategic decisions.
In short, a reason behind the development of data analysis tools like SAS has to do
with the abundance of data that leads to data analysis, and SAS does it very
effectively. Let's first discuss what SAS is before moving on to SAS Interview
Questions.
What is SAS (Statistical Analytics System)?

SAS (Statistical Analytics System) is one of the leading analytics so ware tools and
has been developed by SAS Institute. It provides users with the ability to alter,
manage and retrieve different kinds of data from different sources, as well as perform
statistical analysis on collected data. SAS so ware lets you perform a number of
operations on data, including data management, statistical analysis, report writing,
business modelling, application development, quality improvement, data extraction,
and data transformation.
As shown above, SAS extracts raw data from different sources, cleans the data, and
stores or loads it in a database. SAS extracts and categorizes data in tables that help
you identify and analyze data patterns. Using this tool will allow you to increase
employee productivity and business profits through qualitative techniques and
procedures like advanced analytics, multivariate analysis, business intelligence,
handling data management functions, or predictive analytics. SAS is driven by SAS
programmers, who perform a series of operations on SAS datasets in order to
generate reliable statistical data reports for taking business decisions. Non-technical
users have access to a graphical interface with point-and-click functionality and more
advanced options with SAS language.

In this article, we will discuss concepts on SAS ranging from freshers to experienced
level, including reading and data manipulation, reporting, SAS macros, SQL queries,
SAS programming, etc.
SAS Interview Questions for Freshers

1. Why choose SAS over other data analytical tools?
Listed below are a few reasons to choose SAS over other data analysis tools:
Learning and using SAS is very easy as compared to other analytics so ware
tools. It has a better and more stable Graphic User Interface (GUI) and offers an
easy option (PROC SQL) for users who are already familiar with SQL.
Every day, data is growing and securing data becomes more complicated. SAS is
very capable of storing and organizing large amounts of data smoothly and
reliably.
In the corporate world and large companies, SAS is o en used, as it is more
professional and easier to use compared to other languages. SAS jobs abound
all over the market.
SAS provides adequate graphical functionality. However, it provides limited
customization options.
Since SAS is licensed so ware and its updates are released in a controlled
environment, all of its features have been thoroughly tested. As a result, there
are fewer chances of errors.
The customer service and technical support provided by SAS are outstanding. In
any case, if a user runs into technical difficulties during installation, they will
receive immediate assistance from the team.
With its high level of security in terms of data privacy, SAS is a recognized and
trusted name in the enterprise market.
2. What are the essential features of SAS?

SAS has the following essential features:

SAS offers extensive support for programmatically transforming and analyzing

data in comparison to other BI (Business Intelligence) tools,
SAS offers extensive support for programmatically transforming and analyzing
data in comparison to other BI (Business Intelligence) tools.
Furthermore, SAS is a platform-independent so ware, which means it can run
on almost any operating system, including Linux, Windows, Mac, and Ubuntu.
It provides very fine control over data manipulation and analysis, which is its
USP.
The SAS package provides a complete data analysis solution, ranging from
simple figures to advanced analysis. One of the best features of SAS so ware is
its Inbuilt Library, which contains all the necessary packages for data analysis
and reporting.
The reports can be visualized in the form of graphs that range from simple
scatter plots and bar graphs to complex multi-page classification panels.
Another feature of SAS is its support for multiple data formats. With SAS, you
can read data from a variety of file types, formats, and even from files with
missing data.
Since SAS is a 4GL (4 Generation Programming Language), it has an easy-to-
learn syntax, which makes it an essential feature.
3. Write down some capabilities of SAS Framework.

SAS Framework has the following four capabilities:

Access Data: Data accessibility is a powerful SAS capability. In other words, data
can be accessed from different sources including raw databases, excel files,
Oracle databases, SAS datasets, etc.
Manage Data: SAS offers additional capabilities including data management.
Data accessed from a variety of sources can thus be managed easily in order to
generate useful insights. The process of managing data can include creating
variables, validating data, cleaning data, creating subsets, etc. SAS manages the
existing data to provide the data that you need.
Analyze Data: SAS will analyze the data once it has been managed to perform
simple evaluations like frequency and averages, along with more complex
evaluations like forecasting, regression, etc.
Present: The analyzed data can be saved and stored as a graphic report, a list,
and overall statistics that can be printed or published. They can also be saved
into a data file.
4. What is the use of Retain in SAS?

SAS, at the start of each iteration of the data step, reads the data statement and puts
the missing values of variables (assigned either through an INPUT statement or via an
assignment statement within the data step) into the program data vector (logical
areas of memory). RETAIN statements override this default. In other words, a RETAIN
statement instructs SAS not to set variables to missing when moving from one
iteration of the data step to another. The variables are instead retained.
Syntax:
RETAIN variable1 variable2 ... variablen;
There are no limits to the number of variables you can specify. When you do not
specify variable names, SAS retains the values of every variable that was created in
INPUT or assignment statement by default.
5. What is PDV (Program Data Vector)?

Logical areas of memory where SAS builds data sets, one observation at a time are
called Program data vectors (PDVs). Whenever a program is executed, SAS usually
reads data values from the input buffer or generates them based on SAS language
statements and assigns these data values to specific or respective variables in the
program data vector. The program data vector also includes two automatic variables
i.e., _N_ and _ERROR_ variable.
6. State difference between Missover and Truncover in SAS.

Missover: The INPUT statement does not jump to the next line when the
Missover option is used on the INFILE statement. If the INPUT statement cannot
read the entire field specified due to the field length, it will set the value to
missing. The variables with no values assigned are set to missing when an INPUT
statement reaches the end of an input data record.
Example: An external file with variable-length records, for example, contains the
following records:

1
22
333
4444
55555
Following are the steps to create a SAS data set using these data. The numeric
informat 5 is used for this data step and the informatted length of the variable NUM is
matched by only one input record.
data readin;
infile 'external-file' missover;
input NUM 5.;
run;
proc print data=readin;
run;
Output:
Obs ID
1 .
2 .
3 .
4 .
5 55555
Those values that were read from input records that were too short have been set to
missing. This problem can be corrected by using the TRUNCOVER option in the INFILE
statement:
Truncover: This option assigns the raw data value to the variable, even if it is
shorter than what the INPUT statement expects.
Example:
An external file with variable-length records, for example, contains the following
records:

1
22
333
4444
55555
Following are the steps to create a SAS data set using these data. The numeric
informat 5 is used for this data step.
data readin;
infile 'external-file' truncover;
input NUM 5.;
run;
proc print data=readin;
run;
Output:
Obs ID
1 1
2 22
3 333
4 4444
5 55555
Those values that were read from input records that were too short are not set to
missing.
7. What do you mean by the Scan function in SAS and write its
usage?
The Scan() function is typically used to extract words from a value marked by
delimiters (characters or special signs that separate words in a text string). The SCAN
function selects individual words from text or variables containing text and stores
them in new variables.
Syntax:
scan(argument,n,delimiters)

In this case,
Argument: It specifies the character variable or text to be scanned.
N: The number n indicates which word to read.
Delimiters: These are characters values or special signs in a text string.
Example:
Consider that we would like to extract the first word from a sentence 'Hello, Welcome
to Scaler!'. In this case, the delimiter used is a blank.
data _null_;
string="Hello, Welcome to Scaler!";
first_word=scan(string, 1, ' ' );
put first_word =;
run;
First_word returns the word 'hello' since it's the first word in the above sentence.
Now, consider that we would like to extract the last word from a sentence 'Hello,
Welcome to Scaler!'. In this case, the delimiter used is a blank.
data _null_;
string="Hello, Welcome to Scaler!";
last_word=scan(string, -1, ' ' );
put last_word =;
run;
Last_word returns 'Scaler!' As Scaler is the last word in the above sentence.
8. Consider the following expression stored in the variable

address: 9/4 Infantry Marg Mhow CITY, MP, 453441
In the following scenario, what would the scan function return?
x=scan(address,3);
In the above program, we have used the scan function to read the 3rd word in the
address string. The following output will the returned by the scan function:
x=Marg;

9. Explain what is first and last in SAS?

SAS Programming always uses the BY and SET statements to group data based on
the order of grouping. When both BY and SET statements are used together, SAS
automatically creates two temporary variables, FIRST. and LAST. 'SAS' identifies the
first and last observations of a group based on the values of the FIRST. and LAST.
variables. These variables are always 1 or 0, depending on the following conditions:
FIRST.variable = 1 if an observation of a group is the first one in a BY group.
FIRST.variable = 0 if observation of group is not the first one in a BY group.
LAST.variable = 1 if observation of group is the last one in a BY group.
LAST.variable = 0 if observation of group is not the last one in a BY group.
Essentially, SAS stores FIRST.variable and LAST.variable in a program data vector
(PDV). As a result, they become available for DATA step processing. However, SAS will
not add them to the output data set since they are temporary.
Example: In the following example, ID is a grouping variable containing duplicate
entries. When FIRST.variable = 1 and LAST.variable = 1, it means that there is only a
single value in the group like ID=4, ID=6 and ID=8 as shown below:

10. What is the meaning of STOP and OUTPUT statements in

SAS?
STOP Statement: Using STOP, SAS immediately stops processing the current
DATA step and resumes processing statements a er the current DATA step ends.
In other words, the STOP statement halts the execution of all statements
containing it, including DO statements and looping statements.
Syntax: STOP;
Example: As demonstrated in this example, STOP is used to avoid an infinite loop

when using a random access method within a DATA step:
data sample;
do developerobs=1 to engineeringobs by 10;
set master.research point=developerobs nobs=engineeringobs;
output;
end;
stop;
run;
OUTPUT Statement: Output tells SAS to write the current observation

immediately to a SAS data set, not at the end of the DATA step. The current
observation will be written to all data sets named in the DATA statement if there
is no data set name specified in the OUTPUT statement.
Syntax: OUTPUT <data-set-name(s)>;
Example: Each line of input data can be used to create two or more observations. As
given below, for each observation in the data set Scaler, three observations are
created in the SAS data set Result.

data Result(drop=time4-time6);
set Scaler;
time=time4;
output;
time=time5;
output;
time=time6;
output;
run;
11. State the difference between using the drop = data set
option in the set statement and data statement.
In SAS, the drop= option is used to exclude variables from processing or from the
output data set. This option tells SAS which variables you wish to remove from a data
set.
The drop= option in the set statement can be used if you do not wish to process
certain variables or do not want to have them included in the new data set.
However, if you want to process certain variables but don't want them to be
included in the new data set, then choose drop= in the data statement.
Syntax: DROP=variable(s);
In this case, variable(s) lists one or more names of variables. Variables can be listed in
any format SAS supports.
Example: Consider the following data set:
DATA outdata;
INPUT gender $ section score1 score2;
DATALINES;
F A 17 20
F B 25 17
F C 12 15
M D 21 25
;
proc print;
run;

The following DROP= data set option command SAS to drop variables score1 and
score2.
data readin;
set outdata (drop = score1 score2);
totalsum = sum(score1, score2);
run;
Output:
Gender Section score1 score2 totalsum

F A . . .
F B . . .
F C . . .
M D . . .
12. Name different data types that SAS support.

SAS supports two data types, i.e., Character and Numeric. Dates are also considered
characters despite the fact that there are implicit functions that can be performed on
them.
13. What do you mean by the "+" operator and sum function?
In SAS, summation or addition is performed either with the “sum” function or by
using the “+” operator. Function "Sum" returns the sum of arguments that are
present (non-missing arguments), whereas "+" operator returns a missing value if
one or more arguments are not present or missing.
Example: Consider a data set containing three variables a, b, and c.

data variabledata;
input a b c;
cards;
1 2 3
34 3 4
. 3 2
53 . 3
54 4 .
45 4 2
;
run;
There are missing values for all variables and we wish to compute the sum of all
variables.
data sumofvariables;
set variabledata;
x=sum(a,b,c);
y=a+b+c;
run;
Output:
x y
6 6
41 41
5 .
56 .
58 .
51 51
The value of y is missing for the 3rd, 4th, and 5th observations in the output.
14. Explain _N_ and _ERROR_ in SAS.

In a SAS Data Step, there are two variables that are automatically created, namely,
the _ERROR_ variable and the _N_ variable.

_N_: Typically, this variable is used to keep track of the number of times a data
step has been iterated. It is set to 1 by default. The variable _N_ increases every
time the data step of a data statement is iterated.
_ERROR_: The value is 0 by default and gives information about any errors that
occur during execution. Whenever there is an error, such as an input data error, a
math error, or a conversion error, the value is set to 1. This variable can be used
to locate errors in data records and to display an error message in the SAS log.
15. What are different ways to exclude or include specific

variables in a dataset?
DROP and KEEP statements can be used to exclude or include specific variables from
a data set.
Drop Statement: This instructs SAS which variables to remove from the data
set.
Keep Statement: The variables in the data set to be retained are specified using
this statement.
Example: Consider the following data set:
DATA outdata;
INPUT gender $ section score1 score2;
DATALINES;
F A 17 20
F B 25 17
F C 12 15
M D 21 25
;
proc print;
run;
The following DROP statement instructs SAS to drop variables score1 and score2.
data readin;
set outdata;
totalsum = sum(score1,score2);
drop score1, score2;
run;

Output:
Gender Section totalsum

F A 37
F B 42
F C 27
M D 46
The following KEEP statement instructs SAS to retain score1 in the data set.
data readin1;
set readin;
keep score1;
run;
Output:
Gender Section score1 totalsum

F A 17 37
F B 25 42
F C 12 27
M D 21 46
16. What are some common mistakes that people make while
writing programs in SAS?
The following are some of the most common programming errors in SAS:

If a semicolon is missing from a statement, SAS will misinterpret not only that
statement but potentially several that follow.
A number of errors will result from unclosed quotes and unclosed comments
because SAS may fail to read the subsequent statements correctly.
Data and procedure steps have very different functions in SAS, so statements
that are valid in one will probably cause errors in the other.
Data is not sorted before using a statement that requires a sort
Submitted programs are not checked for log entries.
The quotation marks are not matched.
The dataset option is invalid or the statement option is invalid.
Debugging techniques are not used.
SAS Interview Questions for Experienced

17. What do you mean by SAS Macros and why to use them?
Macro is a group of SAS statements (program) that automates repetitive tasks. With
SAS's Macros feature, we can avoid repeating sections of code and use them again
and again when needed without having to type them again and it increases
readability also. Automation makes your work faster because you don't have to write
the same lines of code every day. %MACRO and %MEND are the start and end
statements of a macro program. These can be reused multiple times. The SAS
program declares them at the beginning and then calls them out during the body of
the program when needed.
Macro variables contain a value that will be used over and over again by SAS
programs. With a maximum of 65534 characters, macro variables are one of SAS's
most powerful tools. They can be either global or local in scope. The % Local macro
variable is a variable that can be defined and accessed inside macro programs only.
The %Global macro variable is defined in open code (outside of the macro program)
and can be accessed from any SAS program running in the SAS environment.
Syntax: The local variables are declared in the following syntax.

In the following program, we have created the Macro variable in which we pass the
parameters comma-separated and then we have written the Macro statement
followed by the %MEND statement. A er that, we have called the macro program by
passing the parameters.
# Creating a Macro program.

%MACRO <macro name>(Param1, Param2,....Paramn);
Macro Statements;
%MEND;
# Calling a Macro program.
%MacroName (Value1, Value2,.....Valuen);
18. Write different ways to create micro variables in SAS

Programming?
The following are some ways to create macro variables:
%Let
%Global
Call Symput
Proc SQl into clause
Macro Parameters
19. Explain how %Let and macro parameters can be used to

create micro variables in SAS programming?
%LET: %Let is generally used to create micro variables and assign values to them.
You can define it inside or outside a macro.
Syntax: %LET macro-variable-name = value;
Any number, text or date can be entered in the Value field, depending on what the
program requires.
How to use the Micro Variable?
Whenever referencing macro variables, an ampersand (&) is used followed by the
macro variable name as shown below:
& <Macro variable Name>

Macro Parameters: Macros have variables called parameters whose values you set
when you invoke the macro. The parameters are added to a macro by naming them
in parenthesis in %macro.
Syntax:
%MACRO macro-name (parameter-1= , parameter-2= , ......parameter-n = );

Macro Statements;
%MEND;
How to call a Macro?

To call/use micro variables, we use % followed by the macro variable name and then
pass parameters.
%macro_name(par1,par2,....parn);
20. Name some SAS system options that are used to debug SAS
Micros.
There are a number of SAS System options that users can use to troubleshoot macro
problems and issues. Macro-option results are automatically shown in the SAS Log.
MEMRPT: Displays memory usage statistics in the SAS logs.
MERROR: SAS will issue a warning if we attempt to invoke a macro that SAS
does not recognize. Whenever there is a misspelling or if a macro is not defined,
warning messages are displayed.
MLOGIC: SAS prints details about the macro execution in its log. In short, it
identifies and displays micro logic.
MPRINT: When you execute a macro code, SAS doesn't show it in the LOG file,
but when you use the MPRINT option it displays all the SAS statements of the
resolved macro code. With the MPRINT option, one statement per line is printed
along with the corrected macro code.
SYMBOLGEN: It prints a message in the LOG file about how a macro variable is
resolved. Specifically, a message is printed in the LOG whenever a macro variable
is resolved.

21. State the difference between PROC MEANS and PROC

SUMMARY.
Proc SUMMARY and Proc MEANS are essentially the same methods for calculating
descriptive statistics, such as mean, count, sum, median, etc. Also, it is capable of
calculating several other metrics such as percentiles, quartiles, variances, standard
deviations, and t-tests. N, MIN, MAX, MEAN, and STD DEV are the default statistics
produced by PROC MEANS.
They differ mainly in the output type they produce by default. Unlike PROC
SUMMARY, PROC MEANS by default prints output in the LISTING window or other
open destination. When the print option is included in the Proc SUMMARY
statement, the results will be printed to the output window.
By default, PROC MEANS takes into account all of the numerical variables in the
statistical analysis. PROC SUMMARY, on the other hand, takes into account all of
the variables described in the VAR statement in the statistical analysis.
22. What do you mean by functions and procedures in SAS?

SAS Procedures: They process data in SAS data sets to create statistics, tables,
reports, charts, and plots, as well as to perform other analyses and operations on the
data. All types of statistical analysis can be performed using SAS procedures.
Execution of a procedure is triggered by the keyword PROC, which starts the step.
Here are some SAS PROCs:
PROC SORT
PROC MEAN
PROC SQL
PROC COMPARE
PROC REPORT
PROC FREQ, etc.
SAS Functions: There are many built-in functions in SAS that aid in the analysis and
processing of data. You use them in DATA statements. Different functions take
different numbers of arguments. Here is a list of SAS functions:

SCAN()
NPUT()
SUBSTR()
COUNTC()
COMPRESS(), etc.
23. Identify the error in the following code.
proc mixed data=SASHELP.IRIS plots=all;

model petallength= /;
class species;
run;
Basically, it is a syntax error. In all cases, the MODEL statement must appear a er the
CLASS statement.
24. Explain what you mean by SYMGET and SYMPUT.

In a data step, SYMGET returns a macro variable's value. Conversely, the primary
function of SYMPUT is to store the value of the data set in a macro variable.
Syntax of Symput:
CALL SYMPUT(macro-variable, value);
Syntax of SYMGET:
SYMGET(argument)
Example: In the following program we have created a macro variable and then we
have used the symput function to put the value where our key is 'avar' and then we
have used the symget function to get the micro variable value.

* Create a macro variable.

data dataset;
set sashelp.class;
if _N_ = 1 then do;
call symput('avar', name);
end;
run;
%put &avar;
* Get macro variable value in a dataset;
data needit;
var1=symget('avar');
run;
25. What is the importance of the Tranwrd function in SAS.

TRANRWD, when applied to a character string, replaces or eliminates all occurrences
of a substring. By using TRANWRD, you can scan for words (or patterns of characters)
and replace them with a second word (or pattern of characters).
Syntax:
TRANWRD(source, target, replacement)
Here,
The source is a character constant, variable, or expression you wish to translate.
The target is an expression, constant, or variable searched in the source.
Replacement specifies an expression, constant, or variable that will replace
target.
Example:
name : Mrs. Johny Lever
name=tranwrd(name, "Mrs.", "Ms.");
Result : Ms. Johny Lever
26. How do you specify the number of iterations and specific

conditions within a single do loop?

The code below illustrates how to specify the number of iterations and specific
conditions within a single do loop. The iterative DO statement executes the DO loop
until the Sum is greater than or equal to 50000, or until the DO loop has executed 10
times, whichever comes first.
data Scaler;
do i=1 to 50 until (Sum>=50000);
Year+1;
Sum+5000;
Sum+Sum*.10;
end;
run;
27. Explain the usage of trailing @@.

Occasionally, multiple observations need to be created from a single record of raw
data. In order to specify how SAS will read such a record, you can use the double
trailing at-sign (@@ or "double trailing @"). By using a double trailing @@, SAS is
told to "hold the line more strongly". A double trailing sign (@@) directs SAS not to
advance to another input record, but to hold the current input record for the next
input statement.
It is important to note that the single trailing @ does not hold an input record for
subsequent Iterations of the data step. A trailing "@" indicates that an input record
will only be held for this iteration of the data step (until the processing returns or gets
back to the top of the data step), or that it will be passed to the next INPUT
statement without a single trailing "@".
28. Explain different ways to remove duplicate values in SAS.

Below are two ways to delete duplicate values in SAS:
The use of nodups in the procedure:
The NODUPRECS (or NODUPREC or NODUP) option of PROC SORT identifies
observations with identical values for all columns and removes them from the output
data set.

Proc sort data=SAS-Dataset nodups;

By varname;
run;
The use of PROC SQL in the procedure:

PROC SQL can be used to remove duplicates. The DISTINCT keyword is used in the
select clause to account for duplicate observations.
proc sql;
create table New_dataset as select distinct * from Old_dataset where var=distinct(var);
quit;
29. What do you mean by NODUP and NODUPKEY options and

write difference between them?
PROC SORT in SAS enables the removal of duplicate values from a table primarily by
utilizing two options:
NODUP
NODUPKEY
NODUP vs NODUPKEY -

NODUP NODUPKEY
NODUPKEY only compares the

Each variable in the data set
variables that are listed in the BY
can be compared with it.
statement.
When NODUPKEY is selected, the

NODUP removes duplicate
duplicate observations are
observations where the same
removed where the values of a
values are repeated across all
variable listed in the BY statement
variables.
are the same.
Syntax: Syntax:
PROC SORT DATA=readin NODUP; PROC SORT DATA=readin NODUPKEY;
By varname; By varname;
run; run;
30. Name the command used for sorting in SAS programs?

The PROC SORT command can be used to sort data in SAS. The command can be
used for multiple variables within a program. It creates a new dataset with sorting
and keeps the original dataset unchanged.
Syntax:
PROC SORT DATA=original OUT=Sorted;

BY variable_name;
Here,

Variable_name represents the column name on which sorting happens.

Original represents the dataset name to be sorted.
Sorted represents the dataset name a er it is sorted.
31. Explain what is INPUT and INFILE Statement.

In SAS programming, using an INFILE statement identifies an external file containing
the data, whereas using an INPUT statement describes the variables used.
Syntax of INFILE: INFILE 'filename';
Syntax of INPUT: INPUT 'varname1' 'varname2';
Example:
DATA readin
INFILE Test;
INPUT ID Gender Score;
Run;
32. What do you mean by %Include and %Eval?

%Include: If you run a program containing the %INCLUDE statement, the SAS System
executes any statements or data lines that you bring into the program. Statements
are executed immediately.
Syntax:
%INCLUDE source(s)
</<SOURCE2> <S2=length> <option-list> >;
Here,
Source(s) specify the location of the information that you wish to access with
the %INCLUDE statement.
SOURCE2 causes the SAS log to show the source statements being used in your
SAS program.
S2=length specifies the length of the input record.
Option-list specifies options that can be included in %INCLUDE.

%Eval: Integer arithmetic is used to evaluate arithmetic or logical expressions.

%EVAL accepts only integers as operands in arithmetic expressions. Operands with
floating-point values cannot be used in %EVAL arithmetic calculations. %SYSEVALF
can be used in these cases.
Syntax: %EVAL(arithmetic/logical-expression)
Example:
%let d=%eval(13+23);
Conclusion
Have you been preparing for a SAS interview and wondering how you can succeed?
This useful guide can help you prepare for it. We've compiled a list of the top 30+ SAS
interview questions and answers that you're likely to be asked during your interviews.
The questions have been specifically designed to familiarize you with the type of
questions you might encounter during the interview.

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SAS Interview Questions for Freshers

SAS Interview Questions for Experienced

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SAS Interview Questions for Experienced (.....Continued)

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What is SAS (Statistical Analytics System)?

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SAS Interview Questions for Freshers

2. What are the essential features of SAS?

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SAS oﬀers extensive support for programmatically transforming and analyzing

3. Write down some capabilities of SAS Framework.

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4. What is the use of Retain in SAS?

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5. What is PDV (Program Data Vector)?

6. State diﬀerence between Missover and Truncover in SAS.

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8. Consider the following expression stored in the variable

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9. Explain what is first and last in SAS?

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10. What is the meaning of STOP and OUTPUT statements in

Example: As demonstrated in this example, STOP is used to avoid an infinite loop

OUTPUT Statement: Output tells SAS to write the current observation

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Gender Section score1 score2 totalsum

12. Name diﬀerent data types that SAS support.

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14. Explain _N_ and _ERROR_ in SAS.

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15. What are diﬀerent ways to exclude or include specific

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Gender Section totalsum

Gender Section score1 totalsum

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SAS Interview Questions for Experienced

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# Creating a Macro program.

18. Write diﬀerent ways to create micro variables in SAS

19. Explain how %Let and macro parameters can be used to

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%MACRO macro-name (parameter-1= , parameter-2= , ......parameter-n = );

How to call a Macro?

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21. State the diﬀerence between PROC MEANS and PROC

22. What do you mean by functions and procedures in SAS?

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23. Identify the error in the following code.

proc mixed data=SASHELP.IRIS plots=all;

24. Explain what you mean by SYMGET and SYMPUT.

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* Create a macro variable.