\i

Nervous system and honneostasis quiz

I0 (a) The diaqram shows three types sf neurone"

ABC
{i} Give the names of these neurones.
ijl

a SeytJ ofl Vteqyowe|

s lofdY nel,tfones
(ii) Explain the role of these neurones in the withdrawal reflex of a finger fr*m a
hot objeet"
rhmOo|i:
{/YSt {he seyrsor! ,eu(oYtS ffiffi le-lectS
feturhiny Tl,e {t'nIeln$ rhefr Rece ?fty cetls W l.Pnl$e
'to
yrtq\ v1e*Toher- con€cfs *rrrrffih maroT
it
^qd
h s $Yon 5 thBn lhe nttu-t we h,lohs -yey I ltkf f4e e le o'Y tZ
signalSfurheM5F|nalCo^rlfhe|19iv.er
AXW e@crTfc sienaK ro
6 Neurones tran$mit nerve irnpulses"

The diagram shows a neuron€.

dendrite

nucleus

axon

axon ternrinal

(a) This neurone is involved in the withdrawal reflex of a finger from a hot object.

The neurone transmits electrical impulses from the central neryous system to the
effeetor.

{l} Draur a circle on the diagram to show the part of the neurone where the
impulses are transferred to the effeeter.
{'t i

(iil What is the name of this type of neuroneT

i1i
A association

iX B motor

c relay
D sens0ry

(iii) Explain the advantage of a withdrawal reflex when a finger touches a hot object.
.
irij

ir hulp s rhe hqnav f0 *eel Tta . dr\Eil all PYows

 I

(b) A teaeher uses this flrethod to estimate the speed of a nerve impulse.

r students stand in a circle and hold hands

r student A in the eircle starts a timer and at the same tirne squeezes the hand
of student B on hlE left

r when stud*nt S feels his hand being squeezed, he immediately squeezes the
hand of the student on his left

I this proeess continues around the circle of students until student A feels his
hand being squeezed and he stops the tirner

(i) Explain what ather measurements the teacher would need to make in order
to calculate the speed of a nerve impulse.
,.5i
!,*:

ks€alwve flre ft'ne favQu fot sfqdeltt{ to {uel

iii) Describe whether the teacher's method is likely to give an a€.urate estimate
of the speed cf a nerve impulse.
t:i

t hZ ftsp w a,l ch

for Question '10

{TCItal = 10 marks)
{b} Sams neurones da not have a myelin sheath.
A seientist inve$tigates the ir*pulse speed for neurones with different diameters.
She d*es this for neurones with a rnyelin sheath and neurones without a rnyelin
sheath.

The Eraph shows the scientistt results.

myelin sheath
6

lmpulse speed
4
inmpers
.J
no myelin slreath
f Pee/
2,2
2

0
01234
Diameter of neurone in pm D t'fhll69
ti) Which conclusion is supported by the graph?
I l;
A A impul*s are always faster in neurones with a myelin sheath
n B neurones always have a myelin sheath
tr e wider neurones have a myelin sheath
n D wider neurones have faster impulses

{iii A neurone with a rnyelin sheath has a diarneter of i.0 pm.

lJse the graph to determine the speed of an impulse in this neurone,

i1i

speed = 2 !Z mpers
{iii} The neurone is 90cm !onq"

Calculate the time taken for an impulse to travel along this neilrone.

Give your answer in standard form"

Disfavtce + qs 4o
ttne td"Key||
tine2? i=
)Pee)> 2,2 (rO: 40,1 o 9o
{ Ll
I cn/s
time= 4l.C a/.5 ,

for 6 = 9 marks)
1O l-lumans can rantrol their internal environment"

{a) State the term used to describe the control of an organism's internal environment.
ili
Hg r"eo Sf-^S
(b) Ceordination uses horrnones and nerves.

Some responses are simple rEflex ares.

Describe the strueture and funetioning of the withdrawal reflex of a fing*r from a
hot objeet.
,8i
! "*.1

tt\Sf fhe t al qbieff .selrJ ele(rr-tc l!\q]S tu he

 {c} Humans use their skin to regulate their body ternperature. The diagram showr a
s*ction through the skin with two structures labelled A and B.

Changes take place in the skin when a person mover from a warm environment
to a cold environment.
(i) Explain the changes that take place in structure A at a person enters a
cold environment.
i;i

€.-vaPaY Me-l

(ii) Explain the changes that take place in structure B as the person enters a
cold environrnent,
lSi
7 The skin is an organ involved in temperature regulation.

(a) State why the skin is deseribed as an or$an.

I ii

l*V!Y tt,hlch ky1* teh| weY4.inq Io$ertt

ib) The diaqram shows a seetion of human skin

hair skin surface pore

ra pilla ries

sweat gland

(i) Explain how the skin capillaries regulate body temperature when the body
temperature increases.
ili
w4eu turlat ?lanl5 W1ffi5 Yeleq|e lhrhe, SXtv fwl{acl

tha hea,t oP ftre botj St if ta| W1!*# yeltttq,fB

tc) Explain the role of the nephron in osmoregulation.
{5}

* the nePhvoh ;a1eS u,rrtyev fu+*iyffi kfuil,! W t*1:rfilqln9

nuft ilicYr 5 go1 Yhe hod\ an d renwi n! utasfe F7?Crtc0 {yn,n

6o,lg b 4 ,IY

{Total fsr 7=8

2 lnsulin is a hormsne predueed in the human body.

ia) Which organ produees insulin?

ir ]

NA brain

ilB liver

ile ovary

WB panereas

(b) Descrit:e the role o{ in:ulin.

1"ri!
l&

P loJ,.tqe- eneYgy
 (d) The volume and roncentratian of urine produced varies depending on the water csntent
.t ofthe body.
Explain how very warm weather results in a ehange in the coneentration and volume
of theurine
:1

9i { lirre rlucfe(sd i rUe yo16rn€ lecreases hecau{e

^)l
f evnfwnt
fusre{ fu Yuh* rh arr ih cotl wekflte{

{Total for Question 6 = 10 marks}