01 MS & Laws

ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
ESENVI430
The Department is the primary agency responsible for the conservation,
management, development, and proper use of the country’s environment and
natural resources, specifically forest and grazing lands, mineral resources,
including those in reservation and watershed areas, and lands of the public
domain, as well as the licensing and regulation of all natural resources as may be
provided for by law in order to ensure equitable sharing of the benefits derived
therefrom for the welfare of the present and future generations of Filipinos.
To accomplish this mandate, the Department shall be guided by the following objectives:
1. Assure the availability and sustainability of the country's natural resources through
judicious use and systematic restoration or replacement, whenever possible;
2. Increase the productivity of natural resources in order to meet the demands for forest,
mineral, and land resources if a growing population;
3. Enhance the contribution of natural resources for achieving national economic and social
development;
4. Promote equitable access to natural resources by the different sectors of the population;
and
5. Conserve specific terrestrial and marine areas representative of the Philippine natural
and cultural heritage for present and future generations.
•Good Governance
• Accountability, transparency, •Ecosystem integrity
integrity, participatory and •Sustainable consumption and
predictability production
• Ease of doing business •Polluters pay
•Social justice • Payment for ecosystem
• Equity and gross national services
happiness
•Social Entrepreneurship
•Rule of law
•Partnership with Civil Society •Honoring global commitments
1. Adoption of the watershed/river basin 3. Convergence approach among NGAs, LGUs
framework in planning and CSOs
• Prioritizing areas within the watershed 4. Area management approach - an integrated
• Forest Land Use Planning area development where all basic societal and
• Adopting soil and water conservation economic services are delivered in an area for
measures more impact
• Agroforestry systems 5. Capacity building of DENR frontliners, LGus,
2. Closing open access areas of forestlands CSO partners, POs and docial entrepreneurs
by granting appropriate tenure/ 6. IEC, advocacy and social mobilization
management arrangement 7. Certification Systems
Pollution problems that are The EARTH as an ECOSYSTEM
confined to one of these
systems are called single-
medium problems if the
medium is either air, water, or
soil.
Many important environmental

problems are not confined to
one of these simple systems but
cross the boundaries from one
to another - referred to as
multimedia pollution problems.
Water Resource Management System
Water Supply Subsystem
Storage compensates for changes in

demand and allows a smaller treatment
plant to be built. It also provides
emergency backup in case of a fire.
Population and water consumption patterns are

the prime factors that govern the quantity of
water required and hence the source and the
whole composition of the water resource system.
The essential elements of water demand include

average daily water consumption and peak rate
of demand.
The following factors have been found to influence

water consumption in a major way:
1. Climate
2. Industrial activity 4. System management
3. Meterage 5. Standard of living
Average daily water consumption must be

estimated for two reasons:
(1)to determine the ability of the water source to

meet continuing demands over critical periods
when surface flows are low or groundwater
tables are at mini- mum elevations, and
(2)for purposes of estimating quantities of stored
water that would satisfy demands during these
critical periods.
The peak demand rates must be

estimated in order to determine
plumbing and pipe sizing, pressure
losses, and storage requirements
necessary to supply sufficient water
during periods of peak water demand.
Wastewater Management Subsystem
Safe disposal of all human wastes is necessary to protect the

health of the individual, the family, and the community, and also
to prevent the occurrence of certain nuisances. To accomplish
satisfactory results, human wastes must be disposed of so that:
1. They will not contaminate any drinking water supply.
2. They will not give rise to a public health hazard by being
accessible to insects, rodents,
or other possible disease carriers that may come into contact
with food or drinking
water.
3. They will not give rise to a public health hazard by being accessible to
children.
4. They will not cause violation of laws or regulations governing water
pollution or sewage
disposal.
5. They will not pollute or contaminate the waters of any bathing beach,
shellfish-breeding
ground, or stream used for public or domestic water supply purposes, or for
recreational
purposes.
6. They will not give rise to a nuisance due to odor or unsightly appearance.
- composed of basically 6 parts

Most of the water used in a community will end up in the sewer.
Between 5 and 10% of the water is lost in lawn watering, car
washing, and other consumptive uses. In warm climates,
consumptive use out of doors may be as high as 60%.
Consumptive use - the difference between the

average rate that water flows into the distribution
WWTP or POTW
system and the average rate that wastewater flows
into the WWTP (excepting the effects of leaks in
the pipes).
Sanitary sewers are designed to carry municipal wastewater from
homes and commercial establishments.
Storm sewers are designed to handle excess rainwater and snow
melt to prevent flooding of low areas. These generally discharge into
rivers and streams.
Combined sewers are expected to accommodate both municipal
wastewater and storm water. These systems were designed so that
during dry periods the wastewater is carried to a treatment facility.
During rain storms, the excess water is discharged directly into a river,
stream, or lake without treatment. Unfortunately, the storm water is
mixed with untreated sewage.
Sewage treatment is performed at the WWTP to stabilize

the waste material, that is, to make it less putrescible
(likely to decompose).
The effluent from the WWTP may be discharged into an
ocean, lake, or river (called the receiving body).
Alternatively, it may be discharged onto (or into) the
ground or be processed for reuse. The by-product sludge
from the WWTP also must be disposed of in an
environmentally acceptable manner.
Air Resource Management System
Differences of Air Resource to Water Resource:

1.QUANTITY – Whereas engineering structures are required to
provide an adequate water supply, air is delivered free of charge
in whatever quantity we desire.
2.QUALITY – Unlike water, which can be treated before we use it, it
is impractical to go about with a gas mask on to treat impure air
or to use ear plugs to keep out the noise.
The balance of cost and benefit for obtaining a desired quality of

air is termed air resource management.
Cost-benefit analyses can be problematic for at least two reasons.
ü First is the question of what is desired air quality.

ü Second is the question of cost versus benefit.
The balance of cost and benefit for obtaining a desired quality of

air is termed air resource management.
Air resource management programs are instituted for a variety of reasons.

The most defensible reasons are that:
(1) air quality has deteriorated and there is a need for correction, and
(2) the potential for a future problem is strong.
In order to carry out an
air resource
management program
effectively, all of the
elements shown must
be employed.

Solid Waste Management System
In the past, solid waste was

considered a resource, and we
will examine its current potential
as a resource.
Generally, however, solid waste is

considered a problem to be
solved as cheaply as possible
rather than a resource to be
recovered.
Multimedia Systems
Many environmental problems cross the air–water–soil boundary.
Acid rain results from the emission of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides
into the atmosphere. These pollutants are washed out of the atmosphere,
thus cleansing it, but in turn polluting water and changing the soil chemistry,
which ultimately results in the death of fish and trees. Thus, our historic
reliance on the natural cleansing processes of the atmosphere in designing
air pollution control equipment has failed to deal with the multimedia nature
of the problem.
Multimedia Systems
Many environmental problems cross the air–water–soil boundary.
Disposal of solid waste by incineration results in

air pollution, which in turn is controlled by scrubbing
with water, resulting in a water pollution problem.
Multimedia Systems
THREE Lessons from our experience with multimedia problems:
üFirst, it is dangerous to develop models that are too simplistic.

üSecond, environmental engineers and scientists must use a
multimedia approach and, in particular, work with a
multidisciplinary team to solve environmental problems.
üThird, the best solution to environmental pollution is waste
minimization—if waste is not produced, it does not need to be
treated or disposed of.
SUSTAINABILITY
“Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of
the present without compromising the ability of future generations
to meet their own needs” (WCED, 1987).
If, in our systems view, we look beyond the simple idea of controlling
pollution to the larger idea of sustaining our environment, we see that there
are better solutions for our pollution problems.
SUSTAINABILITY
Better solutions for our pollution problems:
ü Pollution prevention by the minimization of waste production

ü Life cycle analysis of our production techniques to include built-in features
for extraction and reuse of materials
ü Selection of materials and methods that have a long life
ü Selection of manufacturing methods and equipment that minimize energy
and water consumption
ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS
LAW – considered as INSTRUCTION from the maker
LAW as defined by St. Augustine:
“ an ordinance of reason promulgated for the

common good by HIM who is in charge ”
Since MAN is the most dominant and superior being in the environment,
he is responsible for preserving and taking good care of the environment.
Thus, ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS has evolved to protect our surroundings.

HISTORY OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
In the spirit of neighborhood, the Philippines became a part
of the following International Treaties as of May 1991.
In the spirit of neighborhood, the Philippines became a part
of the following International Treaties as of May 1991.
The Environmental Protection Laws of the Philippines
Laws on Fisheries
Laws on Flood Control and Calamities
Forestry Laws
Land Use Planning and Management
Mining Laws
Pollution and Traffics Management Laws
Pollution and Traffics Management Laws
Waste Management Laws
Philippine Laws on Energy
Philippine Laws on Energy
Water and Water Quality Management
Recent Environmental Laws of the Philippines
DENR-EMB ISSUANCES
Assignment
1. Question: What other international Treaties did Philippines became
part of after May 1991?
2. Conduct a detailed study of the Philippine Environment Code (PD
1152) specifically on the following areas:
ØAir Quality Management
ØWater Quality Management
ØLand Use Management
ØNatural Resources Management and Conservation
and make a short summary of your readings (250-500 words) per area

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ENVIRONMENTAL

Many important environmental

Storage compensates for changes in

Population and water consumption patterns are

The essential elements of water demand include

The following factors have been found to influence

Average daily water consumption must be

(1)to determine the ability of the water source to

The peak demand rates must be

Safe disposal of all human wastes is necessary to protect the

- composed of basically 6 parts

Consumptive use - the difference between the

Sewage treatment is performed at the WWTP to stabilize

Differences of Air Resource to Water Resource:

The balance of cost and benefit for obtaining a desired quality of

Cost-benefit analyses can be problematic for at least two reasons.

ü First is the question of what is desired air quality.

The balance of cost and benefit for obtaining a desired quality of

Air resource management programs are instituted for a variety of reasons.

Air Resource Management System

In the past, solid waste was

Generally, however, solid waste is

Many environmental problems cross the air–water–soil boundary.

Many environmental problems cross the air–water–soil boundary.

Disposal of solid waste by incineration results in

THREE Lessons from our experience with multimedia problems:

üFirst, it is dangerous to develop models that are too simplistic.

ü Pollution prevention by the minimization of waste production

“ an ordinance of reason promulgated for the

Thus, ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS has evolved to protect our surroundings.

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