Transformation

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4
y

y = f!x"

x
O π

The diagram shows the graph of y = f!x", where f!x" = 32 cos 2x + 12 for 0 ≤ x ≤ π.

(a) State the range of f. [2]

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A function g is such that g!x" = f!x" + k, where k is a positive constant. The x-axis is a tangent to the
curve y = g!x".

(b) State the value of k and hence describe fully the transformation that maps the curve y = f!x" on
to y = g!x". [2]

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(c) State the equation of the curve which is the reflection of y = f!x" in the x-axis. Give your answer
in the form y = a cos 2x + b, where a and b are constants. [1]

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12

9 Functions f and g are such that

f!x" = 2 − 3 sin 2x for 0 ≤ x ≤ π,
g!x" = −2f!x" for 0 ≤ x ≤ π.

(a) State the ranges of f and g. [3]

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The diagram below shows the graph of y = f!x".

y = f!x"

x
O π

(b) Sketch, on this diagram, the graph of y = g!x". [2]

The function h is such that

h!x" = g!x + π" for − π ≤ x ≤ 0.

(c) Describe fully a sequence of transformations that maps the curve y = f!x" on to y = h!x". [3]

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 PAGE 494

3 In each of parts (a), (b) and (c), the graph shown with solid lines has equation y = f!x". The graph
shown with broken lines is a transformation of y = f!x".
(a)
y

2
y = f!x"
1

x
−3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3

State, in terms of f, the equation of the graph shown with broken lines. [1]

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(b)
y

2
y = f!x"
1

x
0 1 2 3

State, in terms of f, the equation of the graph shown with broken lines. [1]

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(c)
y

2
y = f!x"
1

x
−3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
−1

−2

State, in terms of f, the equation of the graph shown with broken lines. [2]

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17

Functions f, g and h are defined for x ∈ " by

f!x" = 3 cos 2x + 2,
g!x" = f!2x" + 4,
# $
h!x" = 2f x + 12 π .

(d) Describe fully a sequence of transformations that maps the graph of y = f!x" on to y = g!x". [2]

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(e) Describe fully a sequence of transformations that maps the graph of y = f!x" on to y = h!x". [2]

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1 (a) Express x2 + 6x + 5 in the form !x + a"2 + b, where a and b are constants. [2]

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(b) The curve with equation y = x2 is transformed to the curve with equation y = x2 + 6x + 5.

Describe fully the transformation(s) involved. [2]

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5
y

2
y = f!x"
1

x
O 1 2 3 4 5 6

In the diagram, the graph of y = f!x" is shown with solid lines. The graph shown with broken lines is
a transformation of y = f!x".

(a) Describe fully the two single transformations of y = f!x" that have been combined to give the
resulting transformation. [4]

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(b) State in terms of y, f and x, the equation of the graph shown with broken lines. [2]

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6 Functions f and g are both defined for x ∈ " and are given by

f!x" = x2 − 2x + 5,
g!x" = x2 + 4x + 13.

(a) By first expressing each of f!x" and g!x" in completed square form, express g!x" in the form
f!x + p" + q, where p and q are constants. [4]

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(b) Describe fully the transformation which transforms the graph of y = f!x" to the graph of y = g!x".
[2]

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2 The graph of y = f!x" is transformed to the graph of y = f!2x" − 3.

(a) Describe fully the two single transformations that have been combined to give the resulting
transformation. [3]

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The point P !5, 6" lies on the transformed curve y = f!2x" − 3.

(b) State the coordinates of the corresponding point on the original curve y = f!x". [2]

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1 The graph of y = f!x" is transformed to the graph of y = 3 − f!x".

Describe fully, in the correct order, the two transformations that have been combined. [4]

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! "
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4 (a) The curve with equation y = x2 + 2x − 5 is translated by .
3

Find the equation of the translated curve, giving your answer in the form y = ax2 + bx + c. [3]

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(b) The curve with equation y = x2 + 2x − 5 is transformed to a curve with equation y = 4x2 + 4x − 5.

Describe fully the single transformation that has been applied. [2]

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9 Functions f and g are both defined for x ∈ " and are given by

f!x" = x2 − 4x + 9,
g!x" = 2x2 + 4x + 12.

(a) Express f!x" in the form !x − a"2 + b. [1]

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(b) Express g!x" in the form 2#!x + c"2 + d $. [2]

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(c) Express g!x" in the form kf!x + h", where k and h are integers. [1]

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(d) Describe fully the two transformations that have been combined to transform the graph of y = f!x"
to the graph of y = g!x". [4]

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5 The graph with equation y = f!x" is transformed to the graph # $with equation y = g!x" by a stretch in
0
the x-direction with factor 0.5, followed by a translation of .
1

(a) The diagram below shows the graph of y = f!x".

On the diagram sketch the graph of y = g!x". [3]

x
−10 −8 −6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6 8 10

−2

(b) Find an expression for g!x" in terms of f!x". [2]

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5
y
!8, 12"
12

10

x
O 2 4 6 8 10 12

The diagram shows a curve which has a maximum point at !8, 12" and a minimum point at !8, 0". The
curve is the result of applying
# a $combination of two transformations to a circle. The first transformation
7
applied is a translation of . The second transformation applied is a stretch in the y-direction.
−3

(a) State the scale factor of the stretch. [1]

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(b) State the radius of the original circle. [1]

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(c) State the coordinates of the centre of the circle after the translation has been completed but before
the stretch is applied. [2]

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(d) State the coordinates of the centre of the original circle. [2]

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© UCLES 2022 9709/13/O/N/22